Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Expanding their Horizons through Omics

448 Pages·2020·11.435 MB·English

by  Tariq Aftab (editor), Khalid Rehman Hakeem (editor)

MEDICINAL AND
AROMATIC PLANTS
Expanding their Horizons
through Omics
Edited by
TARIQ AFTAB
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
KHALID REHMAN HAKEEM
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
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This book is dedicated to
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
(October 17, 1817 – March 27, 1898)
v
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, one of the architects of modern India was born on October
17, 1817 in Delhi and started his career as a civil servant.
The 1857 revolt was one of the turning points in Syed Ahmed’s life. He clearly
foresaw the imperative need for Muslims to acquire proficiency in the English
language and modern sciences, if the community were to maintain its social and
political clout, particularly in Northern India.
He was one of those early pioneers who recognized the critical role of educa-
tion in the empowerment of poor and backward Muslim community. In more
than one way, Sir Syed was one of the greatest social reformers and a great national
builder of modern India. He began to prepare the road map for the formation of
a Muslim University by starting various schools. He instituted Scientific Society
in 1863 to instil a scientific temperament into Muslims and to make the Western
knowledge available to Indians in their own language.
The Aligarh Institute Gazette, an organ of the Scientific Society, was launched
in March 1866 and succeeded in agitating the minds in the traditional Muslim soci-
ety. Anyone with a poor level of commitment would have backed off in the face of
strong opposition but Sir Syed responded by bringing out another journal, Tehzibul
Akhlaq that was rightly named in English as “Mohammedan Social Reformer.”
In 1875, Sir Syed founded the Madarsatul Uloom in Aligarh and patterned the
MAO College after Oxford and Cambridge universities that he went on a trip to
London. His objective was to build a college in line with the British education
system but without compromising its Islamic values. He wanted this College to
act as a bridge between the old and the new, the East and the West. While he fully
appreciated the need and urgency of imparting instruction based on Western learn-
ing, he was not oblivious to the value of oriental learning and wanted to preserve
and transmit to posterity the rich legacy of the past. Dr. Sir Mohammad Iqbal
observes—“The real greatness of Sir Syed consists in the fact that he was the first
Indian Muslim who felt the need of a fresh orientation of Islam and worked for
it—his sensitive nature was the first to react to modern age.”
The aim of Sir Syed was not merely restricted to establishing a college at Aligarh
but at spreading a network of Muslim managed educational institutions throughout
the length and breadth of the country keeping in view this end, he instituted All
India Muslim Educational Conference that revived the spirit of Muslims at national
level. The Aligarh Movement motivated the Muslims to help open a number of
educational institutions. It was the first of its kind of such Muslim NGO in India,
which awakened Muslims from their deep slumber and infused social and political
sensibility into them.
Sir Syed contributed many essential elements to the development of the mod-
ern society of subcontinent. During Sir Syed’s own lifetime, “The Englishman,” a
renowned British magazine of the 19th century remarked in a commentary on
November 17, 1885—Sir Syed’s life “strikingly illustrated one of the best phases
of modern history.” He died on March 27, 1898 and lies buried next to the main
mosque at Aligarh Muslim University.
Contributors
Shakeel Ahmad Dar
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Hilal Ahmad Ganaie
Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for
Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Jameel R. Al-Obaidi
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Peerzada Arshid Shabir
Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Sopore, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Ifra Ashraf
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of
Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Lubna Azmi
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute
(CSIR) Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Hebert Jair Barrales-Cureño
Programa Institucional de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Michoacana de
San Nicolas Hidalgo. Calle de Santiago Tapia 403, Centro, Morelia, Michoacán, México;
Natural Science Divsion, Puebla State Intercultural University, Huehuetla, Puebla, México
Ishrat Bashir
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Rouf Ahmad Bhat
Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sri Pratap College,
Cluster University of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Sher-e-Kashmir University of
Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Javeed I. A. Bhat
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Bilal A. Beigh
Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Juan Antonio Cortés-Ruiz
Instituto Tecnológico de Mazatlán Instituto Tecnológico de Mazatlán. Ingeniería
Bioquímica. México Corsario I 203, Urías, Mazatlán, Sin
xv
xvi Contributors
Arturo Huerta de la Peña
Unit in Development for Research and Technology Transfer in Biological Control,
Postgraduate College, San Pedro Cholula, Puebla, México
José Espinoza-Pérez
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad San Cristóbal de las Casas. Departamento de
Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente. Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de
María Auxiliadora. San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas – México
Aijaz H Ganie
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Arti Gautam
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute
(CSIR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Hafiz ul Islam
Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Bushra Jan
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Periyanaina Kesika
Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Shamshad A. Khan
Department of Applied Biotechnology, College of Applied Sciences, Ministry of Education,
Sur, Oman
Luis Germán López-Valdez
Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km 38.5,
Universidad Autonoma de Chapingo, Texcoco, México
José Lorenzo-Laureano
División de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Puebla. Calle
Principal a Lipuntahuaca S/N; Lipuntahuaca, Huehuetla, Puebla, Mexico
Gonzalo Guillermo Lucho-Constantino
Universidad Tecnológica de Gutiárrez Zamora, Veracruz. Prolongación Dr. Miguel Patiño
s/n, Centro, 93556 Gutiérrez Zamora, Veracruz
Shafat A. Mir
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Himanshu Misra
Greentechnology Department, Ipca Laboratories Ltd., Sejavta, Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh, India
Jorge Montiel-Montoya
Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional. Unidad
Sinaloa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
Contributors xvii
Nighat Mushtaq
Division of Vegetable Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and
Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Satheeshkumar Nanjappan
Drug Metabolism and Interactions Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad,
Telangana, India
Deepu Pandita
Government Department of School Education, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Varsha A. Parasharami
CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Pune,
Maharashtra, India
Mani Iyer Prasanth
Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical
Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Laiq Ur Rahman
Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
(CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Mauji Ram
Greentechnology Department, Ipca Laboratories Ltd., Sejavta, Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh, India
Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
Drug Metabolism and Interactions Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad,
Telangana, India
Irfan Rashid
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Nowsheeba Rashid
Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Gowhar Rashid
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura,
Jammu and Kashmir, India
Ishfaq Ul Rehman
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Summia Rehman
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Zafar Ah Reshi
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
xviii Contributors
César Reyes
División de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Puebla. Calle
Principal a Lipuntahuaca S/N; Lipuntahuaca, Huehuetla, Puebla, Mexico
Pulikkottil Stanes Rosmol
Mookken House, Haritha Nagar, Viyyur, Trissur, Kerala, India
Jesús Antonio Salazar-Magallón
Unit in Development for Research and Technology Transfer in Biological Control,
Postgraduate College, San Pedro Cholula, Puebla, México
Amrina Shafi
Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir,
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Ila Shukla
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute
(CSIR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Ashish Srivastava
Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute,
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Tewin Tencomnao
Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical
Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Priyanka Verma
CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Division of Biochemical Sciences, Pune,
Maharashtra, India
Insha Zahoor
Drug Therapeutics and Neurobiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and
Bioinformatics Centre, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
Fabiola Zaragoza-Martínez
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av.
Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
Preface
Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are offered in a wide variety of
products in the market. The enormous demand in botanicals result in a
huge trade from local to international level. Until last century, the pro-
duction of botanicals relies to a large degree on wild-collection. However,
utilization and commerce of wild-plant resources are not detrimental in
themselves, For example, the increasing commercial collection, largely un-
monitored trade, and habitat loss lead to an incomparably growing pressure
on plant populations in the wild. An estimated 9000 medicinal plant species
are threatened worldwide. Conservation concepts and measures which have
to meet future supply and the provisions of species conservation range from
resource management, cultivation, and shifting processing from consumer
to source countries, species conservation to trade restrictions. Medicinal and
aromatic plants are of high priority for conservation action, as wild crafting
will certainly continue to play a significant role in their future trade—the
sustainable commercial use of their biological resources may provide a fi-
nancial instrument for nature conservation. There has been growing prefer-
ence for organic- and herbal-based products in the world market. Similarly,
the world is shifting from crude export to processing of herbal products
and essential oils. Continuing advances in Omics methodologies and in-
strumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the
dynamic nature of their growing environment. Omics platforms have been
only recently extended to cover horticultural crops and MAPs.
The book comprises 15 chapters, most of them being review articles
written by experts from around the globe, highlighting the various omic
approaches that are being used in the current research on immensely im-
portant MAPs and its future prospects. We are hopeful, this volume would
furnish the need of all researchers who are working or have interest in this
particular field. Undoubtedly, this book will be helpful for general use of
research students, teachers, ethnobotanists, oncologists, pharmacologists, and
herbal growers, who have interest in MAPs.
We are highly grateful to all our contributors for accepting our invita-
tion for not only sharing their knowledge and research, but for venerably
integrating their expertise in dispersed information from diverse fields in
composing the chapters and enduring editorial suggestions to finally pro-
duce this venture. We also thank Elsevier team for their generous coopera-
tion at every stage of the book production.
xix