Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation

333 Pages·1987·12.149 MB·English

by  Philippa Marrack, Marcia McDuffie, Willi Born, Marica Blackman, Charles Hannum (auth.), Sudhir Gupta, William E. Paul, Anthony S. Fauci (eds.)

MECHANISMS OF
LYMPHOCYTE
ACTIVATION AND
IMMUNE REGULATION
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo
EPHRAIM KATCHALSKI-KATZIR, The Weizmann Institute of Science
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute
ABEL LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan
Recent Volumes in this Series
Volume 205
NEW MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTION
Edited by Dharam S. Dhindsa and Om P. Bahl
Volume 206
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS IN CARCINOGENESIS
Edited by Lionel A. Poirier, Paul M. Newberne, and Michael W. Pariza
Volume 207
THE MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY OF FERTILIZATION
Edited by Jerry L. Hedrick
Volume 208
PHOSPHATE AND MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS
Edited by Shaul G. Massry, Michel Olmer, and Eberhard Ritz
Volume 209
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
Therapeutic, Psychological, and Research Aspects
Edited by V. Cosi, Ann C. Kato, W. Parlette, P. Pinelli, and M. Poloni
Volume 210
LIPOPROTEINS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Edited by C. L. Malmendier and P. Alaupovic
Volume 211
BIOPHYSICS OF THE PANCREATIC i3-CELL
Edited by IIIani Arwater, Eduardo Rojas, and Bernat Soria
Volume 212
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE: Clinical and Experimental
Edited by Alberto Amerio, Pasquale Coratelli, Vito M. Campese,
and Shaul G. Massry
Volume 213
MECHANISMS OF LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND IMMUNE REGULATION
Edited by Sudhir Gupta, William E. Paul, and Anthony S. Fauci
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume
immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact
the publisher.
MECHANISMS OF
LYMPHOCYTE
ACTIVATION AND
IMMUNE REGULATION
Edited by
Sudhir Gupta
University of California, Irvine
Irvine, California
and
William E. Paul
and Anthony S. Fauci
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Conference on Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation (1986:
Newport Beach, Calif.)
Mechanisms of lymphocyte activation and immune regulation.
(Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 213)
"Proceedings of an International Conference on Lymphocyte Activation and Im
mune Regulation, held February 28-March 2, 1986, in Newport Beach, California"
T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Lymphocyte transformation-Congresses. 2. Immune response-Regulation
Congresses. I. Gupta, Sudhir. II. Paul, William E. III. Fauci, Anthony S., 1940-
IV. Title. V. Series. [DNLM: 1. Lymphocyte Transformation-congresses. 2. Lym
phocytes - immunology - congresses. 3. Lymphocytes - physiology - congresses. WI
AD559 v. 213/WH 200 I572m b1986)
QRI85.8.L9I553 1986 616.07/9 87-7005
Proceedings of an International Conference on Lymphocyte Activation and Immune
Regulation, held February 28-March 2, 1986, in New Post Beach, California
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-5325-6 e-I SBN-13: 978-1-4684-5323-2
001: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5323-2
© 1987 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1987
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
During the past 5 years rapid progress has been made in the understanding of biochemical
pathways for signal transduction in lymphocyte activation. Gene cloning technology has
been instrumental in defining and making available in pure form of a number of growth and
differentiation factors, in the characterization of their receptors, and in the
delineation of genes for the T cell receptor. This book is divided into 6 sections.
Section 1 deals with the molecular structure of the T cell receptor. Section 2 discusses
the role of the T cell receptor, membrane ion channels and biochemical pathways of signal
transduction in T cell activation. The molecular structures and biological and
immunological effects of interleukin 1, interleukin 2 and interleukin 3 are presented in
Section 3. This section also details the structure of interleukin 2 receptor and its
use as a target for therapy for certain leukemias. Section 4 includes the biochemical
events which occur following the delivery of the signal for B cell activation,
proliferation, and differentiation by antigen, growth/differentiation factors. The
molecular structure of B cell stimulating factors is also discussed. The role of
oncogene expression in cellular activation and differentiation is included in Section 5.
The cellular and molecular basis of natural killing and the molecular basis of
cyc1osporin A-mediated immunosuppression are discussed in detail in Section 6.
We hope this book will serve as a reference work on basic mechanisms of lymphocyte
activation, proliferation, and differentiation for immunologists and molecular
biologists.
Irvine, California Sudhir Gupta
Bethesda, Maryland William E. Paul
Anthony S. Fauci
v
CONTENTS
T CELL RECEPTOR
The T cell receptor: Its repertoire and role in thymocyte development.----------------l
P. Marrack, M. McDuffie, W. Born, M. Blackman,
C. Hannum and J. Kappler
Murine T-cell receptor genes.----------------------------------------------------13
M.M. Davis, N.R.J. Gascoigne, T. Lindsten, C. Goodnow
and Y. Chien.
Correspondence between functionally significant sequences in
immunoglobulin and the T cell receptor for antigen.---------------------------19
S.M. Hedrick, I. Engel, and P.J. Fink
T CELL ACTIY A TION
The early mitogenic pathway in mouse thymocytes:
An analysis of the dual signal hypothesis.------------------------------------29
J.C. Metcalfe, G.A. Smith, J.P. Moore and R. Hesketh
The role of the antigen receptor/T3 complex in T-cell activation.--------------------45
A. Weiss, J. Imboden, K. Hardy, and J. Stobo
Early events in lymphocyte activation triggered via CD3/Ti or CD2.------------------51
P.C.L. Beverley, D.L. Wallace, K. O'Flynn and D.C. Linch
Human T lymphocyte activation.-------------------------------------------------59
C. Milanese, R.F. Siliciano, N.E. Richardson, H-C Chang,
A. Alcover and E.L. Reinherz
Transmembrane signals in the activation of T lymphocytes.-------------------------69
J.W. Hadden
Ion channels in T lymphocytes.--------------------------------------------------85
M.D. Cahalan, K.G. Chandy, T.E. DeCoursey, S. Gupta,
R.S. Lewis, and J.B. Sutro
INTERLEUKINS AND THEIR RECEPTORS
The multiple biological properties of interleukin-l
influencing immunocompetent cells.-----------------------------------------I 03
C.A. Dinarello
vii
Autocrine growth function of interleukin-l-like molecules
secreted by neoplastic human B cells.-----------------------------------------115
G. Scala, F. Ferrara, T. Pastore, F. Alfinito, R. Pizzano,
L. Corbo and S. Venuta
Dissection of the molecular events occuring during T cell
cycle progression.----------------------------------------------------------125
K.A. Smith
The Interleukin-2 receptor on normlll and malignant lymphocytes.-----_---------------129
T.A. Waldmann
IL-2 receptor gene activation by ATL-derived factor (ADF).-------------------------139
J. Yodoi, M. Okada, Y. Tagaya, Y. Taniguchi, K. Teshigawara,
T. Kasahara, C.A. Dinarello, K. Matsushima, T. Honko,
T. Uchiyama and M. Maeda.
Mechanisms in interleukin 3 regulated growth and differentiation.--------------------149
J.N. Ihle, Y. Weinstein, U.R. Rapp, J.L. Cleveland
and E. Premkumar Reddy
B LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION, PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION
The activation, proliferation, and differentiation of
human B lymphocytes.------------------------------------------------------163
J.L. Ambrus Jr., e.H. Jurgensen, D.L. Bowen, S. Tomita,
T. Nakagawa, N. Nakagawa, H. Goldstein, N.L. Witzel,
H.S. Mostowski, and A.S. Fauci.
Delineation of human B cell differentiation: Immunological
and molecular characterization of human B cell
differentiation factor (BSF -2).------------------------------------------------17i
T. Kishimoto, T. Hirano, H. Kikutani and A. Muraguchi.
Transmembrane signaling reactions generated in B cells in
response to anti-IgM or lipopolysaccharide.------------------------------------189
A.L. DeFranco
Coupling of B cell surface Ig, la and BSFI receptors
to intracellular "second messengers".------------------------------------------195
J.e. Cambier, J.T. Ransom, L.K. Harris, K.M. Coggeshall,
Z.Z. Chen, M.K. Newell and L.B. Justement
B lymphocyte activation - The roles of receptor
cross-linkage and BSF-I.---------------------------------------------------207
W.E. Paul, J. Mizuguchi, M.A. Beaven, P. Hornbeck,
W. Tsang and J. Ohara
B cell growth factor interactions.-------------------------------------------------215
S.L. Swain and R.W. Dutton
IgG I induction factor: A single molecular entity
with multiple biological functions.------------------------------------------227
P. Sideras, S. Bergstedt-Lindqvist, E. Severinson,
Y. Noma, T. Naito, C. Azuma, T. Tanabe, T. Kinashi,
F. Matsude, Y. Yaoita and T. Honjo
viii
Inhibition of human B cell proliferation by ion channel blockers.-------------------237
B. Vayuvegula, S. Gollapudi and S. Gupta
PROTO-ONCOGENES AND CELLULAR ACTIVATION AND DIFFERENTIATION
Cell growth associated regulation of c-myc and c-fos
in normal human T cells.-------------------------------------------------241
K. Kelly and B. Underwood
Regulation of proto-oncogene expression during T lymphocyte
activation and proliferation.-----------------------------------------------249
J.C. Reed, M.B. Prystowsky, J.A. Kern, J.D. Alpers,
P.C. Nowell and R.G. Hoover
Expression of the c-fos gene during differentiation.-------------------------------263
C. Van Beveren, R.L. Mitchell, C. Henning-Chubb, E. Huberman and I.M. Verma.
NA TURAL KILLING AND CYCLOSPORIN A
Activation of natural killer (NK) cells and mechanism
of their cytotoxic effects.-------------------------------------------------275
R.B. Herberman
Regulation of activation and proliferation of human
natural killer cells.-------------------------------------------------------285
G. Trinchieri, L. London, M. Kobayashi and B. Perussia
Molecular mechanism of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. -------------------299
B. Bonavida
Mechanism of action of cyclosporine--------------------------------------------309
A.D. Hess and P.M. Colombani
CONTRIBUTORS-------------------------------------------------------------331
INDE)C----------------------------------------------------------------------333
ix
THE T CELL RECEPTOR: ITS REPERTOIRE AND ROLE IN THYMOCYTE
DEVELOPMENT
Philippa Marrack, Marcia McDuffie, Willi Born, Marica
Blackman, Charles Hannum and John Kappler
Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for
Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado, and
Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Medicine
Biochemistry, Biophysics and Genetics, University of
Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado
Although the discovery of the genes and protein of the T cell receptor has solved
some immunological problems many issues remain unsolved. These include questions of
tolerance, the relationship between the structure and specificity of the T cell receptor
and an understanding of the selective processes which occur in the thymus.
Two of these issues will be addressed in this paper, the role of the receptor in
thymocyte differentiation and a question raised by Jerne some years ago, about the germ
line T cell repertoire (1). Our data suggest that, not unexpectedly, the receptor is
indeed involved in thymocyte maturation, at or just after the point at which immature
thymocytes are selected to become mature. This indicates that most of the proliferation
which occurs in the thymus in immature cells is not receptor-mediated, even though many
of these cells bare receptors. Moreover it suggests a stage in the life history of
thymocyte upon which immunologists interested in self MHC-restriction and tolerance
induction should focus.
In the second part of this paper we show data which indicate that Jerne was correct
in hypothesising that the germ line repertoire of T cell receptors is indeed directed
against MHC antigens.
MA TERIALS AND METHODS
Animals
BALB/cBy and C57B/6J mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory. Timed
pregnant females were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory or raised in our own
vivarium. The day of finding a plug was designated day 0 of pregnancy.
Production of I cell hybridomas and cell cultures
Antigen-specific, MHC-restricted T cell hybridomas were produced, cultured and
characterized as previously described (2,3). Variants were produced by cloning at
limiting dilution after prolonged culture, or after 500-750 rads or Y -irradination (4).