Mayes' Midwifery A Textbook for Midwives Pageburst Package with Pageburst online access

1038 Pages·2011·40.824 MB·English

by  Sue Macdonald, MSc., Julia Magill-Cuerden

Mayes’
Midwifery
For Elsevier
Commissioning Editor: Mairi McCubbin
Development Editor: Sheila Black
Project Manager: Glenys Norquay
Designer: Charles Gray
Illustration Manager: Gillian Richards
Illustrator: Cactus
Mayes’
Midwifery
FOURTEENTH EDITION
Edited by
Sue Macdonald MSc PGCEA ADM RM RN ILTM FETC
Education and Research Manager and Lead Midwife for Education, Learning, Research and Practice
Development Department International Office, Royal College of Midwives, London, UK
Julia Magill-Cuerden MA PhD DN DipEd MTD NTF FRCM RM RN
Emeritus Scholar of Thames Valley University, Formerly Principal Lecturer and Senior Research Fellow,
Thames Valley University, London, UK
Foreword by
Cathy Warwick Professor, CBE, General Secretary of the Royal College of Midwives, London, UK
Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2010
Baillière Tindall, an imprint of Elsevier Ltd
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Twelfth edition 1997
Thirteenth edition 2004
Fourteenth edition 2011
ISBN 978-0-7020-3105-2
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Notice
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Contents
Contributors ..............................................................vii 15. Legal frameworks for the care of the
Foreword .....................................................................xi
child ...............................................................171
Preface .......................................................................xiii
Acknowledgements ................................................xvii
Part 3: Public health, health
promotion and childbirth
Part 1: The midwife in context
16. Epidemiology ...............................................185
 1. The global midwife...........................................3
17. Nutrition ........................................................197
 2. A history of the midwifery profession
18. Complementary therapies in maternity
in the United Kingdom .................................13
care: responsibilities of midwives...............207
 3. Statutory framework for practice ..................33
19. Health promotion and education ..............217
 4. The midwife as a lifelong learner .................47
20. Preconception care ........................................231
 5. Evidence-based practice and research
21. Education for parenthood ..........................243
for practice .......................................................65
22. Physical preparation for childbirth
 6. Leadership and management in
and beyond, and the role of
midwifery .........................................................75
physiotherapy ...............................................253
 7. Governance in midwifery ..............................87
23. Vulnerable women ......................................265
 8. Ethics and midwifery practice .......................97
9. Law and the midwife ...................................105
10. Pharmacology and the midwife ................123
Part 4: The anatomy and
physiology of fertility,
Part 2: Childbirth in context conception and pregnancy
11. Social, cultural and spiritual context of 24. Anatomy of male and female
childbearing ..................................................139 reproduction .................................................277
12. Psychological context ..................................147 25. Female reproductive physiology ................297
13. Sexuality.........................................................157 26. Genetics ..........................................................309
14. The health service context and 27. Fertility and its control ................................327
midwifery ......................................................163 28. Infertility and assisted conception ............339
v
Contents
29. Fertilization, embryonic, fetal and
Part 8: The postnatal and neonatal
placental development ................................353 period
30. The fetal skull ...............................................379
51. Content and organization of postnatal
care .................................................................725
Part 5: Pregnancy
52. Morbidity following childbirth..................735
31. Maternal and fetal responses to
Part 9: Problems and disorders
pregnancy ......................................................397
of pregnancy, childbearing and
32. Confirming pregnancy and care of the birth and their management
pregnant woman ............................................411
33. Antenatal investigations ..............................443
53. Nausea and vomiting ..................................747
34. The choice agenda and place of birth
54. Bleeding in pregnancy .................................753
and care .........................................................455
55. Medical disorders of pregnancy ..................771
56. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy........787
Part 6: Labour and birth 57. Sexually transmitted infections ..................799
58. Abnormalities of the genital tract ................811
59. Multiple pregnancy .......................................819
35. Physiological changes from late pregnancy
60. Pre-term labour .............................................831
until the onset of lactation .........................463
61. Procedures in obstetrics ..............................839
36. Care in the first stage of labour .................483
62. Induction of labour and post-term
37. Care in the second stage of labour ............509
pregnancy .......................................................851
38. Pain, labour and women’s choice of
63. Rhythmic variations of labour ....................861
pain relief .......................................................521
64. Malpositions and malpresentations .........869
39. Care in the third stage of labour ...............535
65. Disproportion, obstructed labour and
40. The pelvic floor .............................................551
uterine rupture..............................................899
66. Shoulder dystocia ..........................................907
Part 7: The newborn baby 67. Presentation and prolapse of the
umbilical cord ...............................................919
68. Complications of the third stage of
41. Physiology, assessment and care ...............567
labour .............................................................925
42. Thermoregulation .........................................601
69. Maternal mental health and psychological
43. Infant feeding ................................................615
problems .......................................................939
44. The preterm baby and the small baby ......641
70. Grief and bereavement ................................953
45. Respiratory and cardiac disorders ..............659
46. Neonatal jaundice ........................................675
Part 10: The future
47. Infection ........................................................689
48. Congenital anomalies, fetal and neonatal
surgery, and pain ..........................................699 71. Midwifery for the 21st century ....................971
49. Metabolic and endocrine disorders ............711
50. Sudden infant death syndrome ..................717 Index ........................................................................977
vi
Contributors
Belinda Ackerman MA PGDip PGCEA ADM HV RM RN Kuldip Kaur Bharj OBE RM RN MTD DN (London) IHSM
Consultant Midwife, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust RSACounsSkills
St Thomas’s Hospital, Women’s Services Directorate, London, Senior Lecturer, School of Healthcare, University of Leeds,
UK Leeds, UK
Chapter 3 Statutory Framework for Practice Chapter 32 Confirming pregnancy and care of the pregnant
Chapter 43 Infant feeding woman
Luisa Acosta BSc(Hons) MSc PGDip Jane Bott MSc PGCEA ADM RN RM
Senior Lecturer, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, Senior Lecturer in Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Social
Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Thames Valley Care Sciences, Kingston University and St George’s Hospital
University, London, UK Medical School, London, UK
Chapter 68 Complications of the third stage of labour Chapter 57 Sexually transmitted infections
Debbie Barber BSc(Hons) MSc PGDE PGCMU DipCouns Maureen Boyle MSc PGCEA ADFM RN RM
RGN RM NT Midwife Teacher, Thames Valley University, London, UK
Nurse Consultant, Oxford Fertility Unit, John Radcliffe Chapter 33 Antenatal investigations
Hospital; Honorary Lecturer, Oxford Brookes University and
Guilford University, Oxford, UK Margaret Brock PGCEA SCM ADM SRN
Chapter 28 Infertility and assisted conception Senior Midwife and Manager, Delivery Suite, John Radcliffe
Hospital, Women’s Centre, Oxford, UK
Maria Barrell MA PhD PGDip CertEd ADM RMT RM RN Chapter 65 Disproportion, obstructed labour and uterine
Principal Lecturer, School of Health, Community and rupture
Education Studies, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon
Tyne, UK Gill Brook MCSP
Chapter 6 Leadership and management in midwifery Physiotherapy Co-ordinator, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK; Secretary of the International
Cecelia M. Bartholomew BSc(Hons) MSc PGDip RM Organization of Physical Therapists in Women’s Health
RN Chapter 22 Physical preparation for childbirth and beyond,
Senior Lecturer, Thames Valley University, London, UK and the role of physiotherapy
Chapter 38 Pain, labour and women’s choice of pain relief
Chapter 53 Nausea and vomiting Barbara Burden MSc PhD PGCEA ADM RN RM
Head of Community Services and Lead Midwife for
Carol Bates MA PGCEA ADM RN RM Education, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
Midwifery Education and Practice Consultant, Harpenden, UK Chapter 15 Legal frameworks for the care of the child
Chapter 47 Infection Chapter 20 Preconception care
Chapter 48 Congenital anomalies, fetal and neonatal surgery, Chapter 24 Anatomy of male and female reproduction
and pain Chapter 30 The fetal skull
Chapter 49 Metabolic and endocrine disorders
Joan Cameron MSc RGN RM
Christine A. Bewley BEd MSc PhD ADM RN RM Senior Lecturer and Lead Midwife for Education, School of
Head of Department, Midwifery, Child Health and Primary Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Care; Lead Midwife for Education, Middlesex University, Chapter 45 Respiratory and cardiac disorders
London, UK
Chapter 55 Medical disorders of pregnancy
Chapter 56 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
vii
Contributors
Sarah Church MSc PhD PGDE CertRes RGN RM ENB997 Anna Gaudion BSc(Hons) MA RM RN
School of Health, University College Northampton, UK Project Lead, Health Equity Audit of Access to Maternity
Chapter 63 Rhythmic variations of labour Services, South East London; Consultant,The Polyanna
Project, London, UK
Terri Coates MSc ADM DipEd RM RN CIMI Chapter 23 Vulnerable women
Clinical Midwife, Salisbury NHS Trust, Salisbury, UK
Chapter 66 Shoulder dystocia Kathryn Gutteridge MSc(Couns&Psych) PGDip SRN
RM SoM
Margie Davies RGN RM Consultant Midwife, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
Midwifery Liaison Officer, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Chapter 69 Maternal mental health and psychological
Hospital, London, UK problems
Chapter 59 Multiple pregnancy
Tina Harris BA(Hons) PhD SRN SCM ADM
Tandy Deane-Gray BSc MA PGCEA ADM RGN RM Senior Lecturer in Midwifery, De Montfort University,
Senior Lecturer Midwifery, University of Hertfordshire, Leicester, UK
Hatfield, UK Chapter 39 Care in the third stage of labour
Chapter 21 Education for parenthood
Anne-Marie Henshaw MMid RM RGN
Jane Denton RGN RM Lecturer, Midwifery and Women’s Health Group; Supervisor
Director, Multiple Births Foundation, Queen Charlotte’s and of Midwives, The School of Health Care, University of Leeds,
Chelsea Hospital, London, UK Leeds, UK
Chapter 59 Multiple pregnancy Chapter 32 Confirming pregnancy and care of the pregnant
woman
Bridgit Dimond MA LLB DSA AHSM
Barrister-at-law; Emeritus Professor, University of Glamorgan, Tina Heptinstall BSc(Hons) MSc PGCEA ADM RN RM
Pontypridd, UK Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Chapter 9 Law and the midwife Chapter 11 Social, cultural and spiritual context of
childbearing
Jean Donnison BA(Oxon) PhD Chapter 34 The choice agenda and place of birth and care
Formerly Senior Lecturer, Department of Social Policy and
Administration, University of East London, London, UK Simon Hettle BSc(Hons) PhD CSci MIBMS FHEA
Chapter 2 A history of the midwifery profession in the Lecturer, Biological Sciences, School of Science, Faculty of
United Kingdom Science and Technology, University of the West of Scotland,
Paisley, UK
Soo Downe BA(Hons) MSc PhD RM Chapter 26 Genetics
Professor of Midwifery Studies, University of Central
Lancashire, Preston, UK Tracey Hodgson MSc PGCEA ADM SRN RM
Chapter 37 Care in the second stage of labour Principal Lecturer – Lead Midwife for Education, University of
Northampton, Northampton, UK
Jacqueline Dunkley-Bent MSc PGCEA ADM MRIPH Chapter 63 Rhythmic variations of labour
RGN RM
Professor of Midwifery, London South Bank University, Claire Homeyard BSc(Hons) MSc RM RN
London, UK Consultant Midwife (Public Health) and Supervisor of
Chapter 19 Health promotion and education Midwives, Barking, Havering and Redbridge NHS Trust,
London; Consultant, The Polyanna Project, London, UK
Kathryn Eglinton BSc(Hons) RN Chapter 23 Vulnerable women
Clinical Facilitator, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The
Whittington Hospital, London, UK Amanda Hutcherson MA DipHEMid PGCE
Chapter 44 The preterm baby and the small baby Lecturer in Midwifery, City University London, London, UK
Chapter 54 Bleeding in pregnancy
Liz Gale BSc(Hons) PP PGDipHE RGN RM
Senior Lecturer (Midwifery), University of Greenwich, School Karen Jackson BSc(Hons) RGN RN
of Health and Social Care, London, UK Midwife Teacher, Midwifery Education Department, Queen’s
Chapter 11 Social, cultural and spiritual context of Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
childbearing Chapter 13 Sexuality
Chapter 34 The choice agenda and place of birth and care
Patricia Jackson BA(Hons) MA MTD RN RM
Senior Lecturer, University of Greenwich, London, UK
Chapter 51 Content and organization of postnatal care
Chapter 52 Morbidity following childbirth
viii
Contributors
Gail Johnson MA DPSM DipAdultEd RGN RM Julia Magill-Cuerden MA PhD DN DipEd MTD NTF
Education and Professional Development Advisor, Royal FRCM RM RN
College of Midwives, London, UK Emeritus Scholar of Thames Valley University, Formerly
Chapter 50 Sudden infant death syndrome Principal Lecturer and Senior Research Fellow, Thames Valley
University, London, UK
Patricia Jones BA(Hons) RN RM Chapter 5 Evidence-based practice and research for practice
Antenatal Screening Co-ordinator, Fetal Medicine Unit, Chapter 71 Midwifery for the 21st century
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital and University College
Hospital, London, UK Pat McGeown MSc RGN RM SoM
Chapter 20 Preconception care Head of Midwifery, Perinatal Institute, Birmingham, UK
Chapter 62 Induction of labour and post-term pregnancy
Shirley R Jones MA ADM CertEd(FE) ILT RGN RM SoM
Emeritus Professor of Midwifery, Birmingham City University, Mary McNabb BA BSc MSc PGCEA ADM RN RM
Birmingham, UK Educational Consultant, School of Midwifery, Faculty of
Chapter 8 Ethics and midwifery practice Health and Social Care Sciences, Kingston University/St
George’s University of London, London, UK
Sue Jordan MBBCh PhD PGCE(FE) FHEA Chapter 25 Female reproductive physiology
Reader, School of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea Chapter 29 Fertilization, embryonic, fetal and placental
University, Swansea, UK development
Chapter 10 Pharmacology and the midwife Chapter 31 Maternal and fetal responses to pregnancy
Chapter 35 Physiological changes from late pregnancy until
Tara Kaufmann BA the onset of lactation
Change Manager, Service Transformation Team, Barts and
the London NHS Trust, London, UK Stephanie Meakin BA MA RN RM
Chapter 14 The health service context and midwifery Head of Midwifery Education, School of Nursing and
Midwifery, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Chris Kettle PhD DM SCM SRN Chapter 61 Procedures in obstetrics
Professor of Women’s Health, University Hospital of North
Staffordshire, Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maggie Meeks MBChB MD DipEd FRCPCH
Stoke-On-Trent, UK Consultant Neonatologist, Christchurch Women’s Hospital,
Chapter 40 The pelvic floor Christchurch, New Zealand
Chapter 46 Neonatal jaundice
Paul Lewis BSc(Hons) MSc DipN PGCEA ADM RM RN
RMN FHEA(Hon) FRCM Stephanie Michaelides ADM PGCEA RN RM
Professor of Midwifery Practice and Development; Associate Senior Lecturer, Middlesex University, School of Health and
Dean – Midwifery, Rehabilitation and Health Sciences, Social Sciences, London, UK
Bournemouth University, UK Chapter 41 Physiology, assessment and care
Chapter 64 Malpositions and malpresentations Chapter 42 Thermoregulation
Chapter 46 Neonatal jaundice
Patricia Lindsay RN RM ADM PGCEA MSc DHC
Lecturer, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Carol Paeglis BHSc MA ADM ENB997 RN RM SoM
Midwifery, King’s College, London, UK LSA Midwifery Officer, Yorkshire and the Humber Local
Chapter 58 Abnormalities of the genital tract Supervising Authority, NHS Yorkshire and the Humber, Leeds,
Chapter 67 Presentation and prolapse of the umbilical cord UK
Chapter 7 Governance in midwifery
Sue Macdonald MSc PGCEA ADM RM RN ILTM FETC
Education and Research Manager and Lead Midwife for Michael Preston-Shoot BA(Hons) PhD CQSW
Education, Learning, Research and Practice Development PGDipSW PGDipPsych
Department International Office, Royal College of Midwives, Dean, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of
London, UK Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
Chapter 4 The midwife as a lifelong learner Chapter 15 Legal frameworks for the care of the child
Gaynor D. MacLean MBE BA PhD MTD RN RM Jean Rankin BSc(Hons) MSc PhD RM RGN RSCN PGCert
International Midwifery Consultant, Safe Motherhood and Academic Director (Midwifery), University of the West of
Reproductive Health, Swansea, UK Scotland, Paisley, UK
Chapter 1 The global midwife Chapter 26 Genetics
ix