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Matthew 21-28
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Ulrich Luz
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Hermeneia-
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A Critical
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Historical
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Commentary
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on the
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Bible
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Matthew 21-28
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IV,
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IV,
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IV,
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Henneneia
-A Critical
and Historical
Commentary
on the Bible
Old Testament Editorial Board
Peter Machinist. Harvard University. chair
Klaus Baltzer, University of Munich
Paul D. Hanson, Harvard University
Thomas Kruger, University of Zurich
S. Dean McBride Jr., Union Theological Seminary in Virginia
Susan Niditch, Amherst College
Frank Moore Cross, Harvard University, emeritus
New Testament Editorial Board
Helmut Koester, Harvard University, chair
Harold W. Attridge, Yale University
Adela Yarbro Collins, Yale University
Eldon Jay Epp, Case Western Reserve University
Hans-Josef Klauck, University of Chicago
James M. Robinson, Claremont Graduate University, emeritus
Matthew 21 - 28
A Commentary
by Ulrich Luz
Translation by
James E. Crouch
Edited by
Helmut Koester
Fortress
Press Minneapolis
Matthew 21-28
A Commentary
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Copyright © 2005 Aug.burg Fortress
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in
critical articles or reviews, no part of this book may be
reproduced in any manner without prior written
permission from the publisher. Write: Permissions,
Augsburg Fortress, Box 1209, Minneapolis, MN
55440.
Cover and interior design by Kenneth Hiebert
Typesetting and page composition by
The HK Scriptorium
The Library of Congress has cataloged the frrst volume as follows:
Luz, Ulrich.
[Evangelium nach Matthaus. English]
Matthew: a commentary / Ulrich Luz ;
translated by Wilhelm C. Linss.
p. cm.
Translation of: Das Evangelium nach Matthaus.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
Contents: v. [l]·7.
ISBN ().8066-2402·7
1. Bible. N.T. Matthew-Commentaries. I. Title.
BS2575.3.L8913 1989
226'.207--dcl9
89-383
CIP
Matthew 21-28 ISBN ().8006-37704
The paper used in this publication meets the mini·
mum requirements of American National Standard
for Information Sciences-Permanence of paper for
Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z329.48-1984.
Manufactured in the U.S.A.
09 08 07 06 05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
The Author
Ulrich Luz was born in 1938, and he studied theology in
Zurich and Gottingen under Hans Conzelmann, Eduard
Schweizer, and Gerhard Ebeling. He taught at the Inter
national Christian University in Tokyo (1970-1971), at
the University of G6ttingen (1972-1980), and at the
University of Bern in Switzerland (1980-2003). Now he is
professor emeritus. He received honorary degrees from
the universities of Leipzig, Budapest, Sibiu, Lausanne,
Praha, and Nishinomiya and served as president of the
Societas Novi Testamenti Studiorum in 1998. He is the
author of numerous books, including Das Geschichts
verstiindnis des Paulus (1968), Die Mitte des Neuen
Testaments: Einheit und Vielfalt neutestamentlich (1983),
Matthew in History: Interpretation, InJluence and Effects
(1994), and The Theology of the Gospel of Matthew (1995).
He and his wife, Salome Keller, have three children.
Contents
Matthew 21-28
Foreword to Henneneia xi
Editor's Note xiii
Preface xv
Translator's Preface xix
Reference Codes xxi
1. Sources and Abbreviations xxi
2. Text-Critical Sigla xxvii
3. Short Titles of Commentaries, Studies, and Articles xxvii
Introduction vol. 1
• Commentary
Prelude (1:1-4:22) vol. 1
II jesus' Activity in Israel in Word and Deed (4:23-11:30) vols. 1,2
III jesus Withdraws from Israel (12:1-16:20) vol. 2
IV jesus' Activity in the Church (16:21-20:34) vol. 2
V jesus injerusalem (21:1-25:46) 1
A jesus' Reckoning with His Opponents (21:1-24:2) 1
1 The First Day injerusalem (21:1-17) 3
2 jesus' Second Day in jerusalem: The Polemical Parables
(21:18-22:14) 20
2.1 The Withered Fig Tree (21:1~22) 20
2.2 The Rejection ofj ohn the Baptist (21:23-32) 25
2.3 A New Story of the Vineyard: The Evil Tenants
(21:33-46) 34
2.4 The Wedding Feast of the King's Son (22:1-14) 45
3 The jerusalem Controversies (22: 15-46) 61
3.1 The Tribute for the Emperor (22:15-22) 68
3.2 The Resurrection of the Dead (22:23-33) 68
3.3 The Great Commandments (22:34-40) 75
3.4 The Question about the Son of David (22:41-46) 88
4 The Woes against the Scribes and Pharisees (23:1-24:2) 92
4.1 Against Hypocrisy and the Love of Titles (23:1-12) 96
4.2 The Seven Woes (23:13-33) 112
4.2.1 The First Woe (23: 13) 114
4.2.2 The Second Woe (23:15) 117
4.2.3 The Third Woe (23:16-22) 118
4.2.4 The Fourth Woe (23:23-24) 121
4.2.5 The Fifth Woe (23:25-26) 125
4.2.6 The Sixth Woe (23:27-28) 129
4.2.7 The Seventh Woe (23:29-33) 131
Excursus: The Scribes and the Pharisees 139
4.3 judgment on Israel (23:34-39) 150
4.3.1 judgment on This Generation (23:34-36) 150
4.3.2 The jerusalem Saying (23:37-39) 158
4.4 jesus Leaves the Temple (24:1-2) 166
Summary: The Basic Message of the Woes Discourse 168
On the Meaning of the Woes Discourse Today 174
vii
B The Judgment Discourse (24:3-25:46) 178
1 The End Time and the End (24:3-31) 180
2 The Final Admonitions to the Church (24:32-25:30) 207
2.1 The Time Is Near (24:32-35) 207
2.2 No One Knows the Time of the End (24:3641) 211
2.3 The First Watchfulness Parable: The Thief
(24:42-44) 216
2.4 The Second Watchfulness Parable: The Overseer
(24:45-51) 221
2.5 The Third Watchfulness Parable: The Young Women
(25:1-13) 226
2.6 The Parable of the Talents (25: 14-30) 246
3 The Judgment of the World (25:31-46) 263
Summary and Excursus: The Understanding ofJ udgment
in the Gospel of Matthew 285
On the Meaning of the Judgment Discourse Today 290
VI Passion and Easter (26:1-28:20) 297
A Introduction 297
I Text 299
1.1 Structure 301
1.2 Sources 301
1.3 On the Prehistory of the Passion and Easter
Traditions 304
2 History of Interpretation 305
2.1 Three Basic Models of Passion Piety 305
2.2 The Passion in Music 312
2.3 Passion and Easter Plays 316
2.4 The Passion Story in Art 321
B Commentary
1 The Passion Begins (26:1-16) 329
l.l The Decision to Kill Jesus (26:1-5) 329
1.2 The Anointing in Bethany (26:6-13) 334
1.3 The Betrayal by Judas (26:14-16) 344
2 Jesus'LastPassover(26:17-29) 351
2.1 Preparations for the Passover (26:17-19) 351
2.2 Jesus Exposes Judas (26:20-25) 358
2.3 The Lord's Supper (26:26-29) 364
3 In Gethsemane (26:30-56) 386
3.1 The Disciples' Impending Desertion (26:30-35) 386
3.2 Jesus' Prayer on the Mount of Olives (26:3646) 392
3.3 The Arrest ofJ esus (26:47-56) 410
4 In the Palace of the High Priest (26:57-27:10) 423
4.1 Jesus and Peter Enter the Palace of the High Priest
(26:57-58) 423
4.2 The Hearing before the High Priest (26:59-66) 425
Excursus: Jesus' Trial before the Sanhedrin 438
4.3 The First Mistreatment (26:67-68) 44 7
4.4 Peter's Denial (26:69-75) 453
4.5 The Death Decision (27:1-2) 463
viii
