Table Of ContentMaterials for Lightweight Constructions
This book presents the key concepts and methods involved in the develop-
ment of a variety of materials for lightweight constructions, including met-
als, alloys, polymers, and composites. It provides case studies and examples
to explain strategies adapted for specific applications of the materials and
covers traditional to advanced manufacturing concepts of lightweight mate-
rials, including 3D printing. It also illustrates the fundamentals and usability
of biodegradable materials for achieving a greener environment, as well as
possibilities of green manufacturing.
• Covers the fundamentals of a range of materials used for lightweight
constructions
• Discusses fabrication and testing of materials
• Addresses relevant concepts of 3D printing and biodegradable
materials
• Explores analysis of the failure mechanism of materials used in vari-
ous applications
• Identifies the applicability of materials to a variety of situations
Materials for Lightweight Constructions will suit researchers and gradu-
ate students in materials science, mechanical engineering, construction, and
composites.
Materials for Lightweight
Constructions
Edited by
S. Thirumalai Kumaran
Tae Jo Ko
S. Suresh Kumar
Temel Varol
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
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and by CRC Press
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CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2023 selection and editorial matter, S. Thirumalai Kumaran,
Tae Jo Ko, S. Suresh Kumar, Temel Varol; individual chapters,
the contributors
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ISBN: 978-1-032-17173-9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-17174-6 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-25210-8 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003252108
Typeset in Sabon
by SPi Technologies India Pvt Ltd (Straive)
Contents
Preface vii
Foreword ix
Editors xi
Contributors xiii
1 Introduction to lightweight materials 1
VIGNESHWARAN SHANMUGAM, RHODA AFRIYIE MENSAH, N. B. KARTHIK BABU,
C. PRADEEP RAJA, J. RONALD ASEER, A. PUGAZHENTHI, D. SATISH KUMAR,
AND OISIK DAS
2 Metals and alloys for lightweight automotive structures 17
K. PONAPPA AND YASH PANCHAL
3 Polymers for structural applications 39
K. ARUNPRASATH, M. VIJAYAKUMAR, PON JANANI SUGUMARAN,
P. AMUTHAKKANNAN, V. MANIKANDAN, AND V. ARUMUGAPRABU
4 Chemical property and characteristics of polymer 61
A. SOFI, JOSHUA JEFFREY, AND ABHIMANYU SINGH RATHOR
5 Mechanical testing and its performance 83
M. ARUNA
6 Green manufacturing and environment 111
ALI SOHANI, JAROSLAV VRCHOTA, BURÇIN ATILGAN TÜRKMEN,
MOHAMMAD MEHDI HOSSEINI, AND HITESH PANCHAL
7 Lightweight 3D printed materials 137
M. BHUVANESH KUMAR, K. ANAND BABU, P. SATHIYA, AND
MILON SELVAM DENNISON
v
vi Contents
8 Biodegradable materials 161
AKESH B. KAKARLA, SATYA G. NUKALA, AND ING KONG
9 Sustainable composites for lightweight applications 191
A. SOUNDHAR, V. LAKSHMI NARAYANAN, M. NATESH, AND K. JAYAKRISHNA
10 Data-driven optimization of manufacturing processes 209
T. RAMKUMAR, M. SELVAKUMAR, S. K. ASHOK, AND M. MOHANRAJ
11 Conclusion and challenges 223
G. VELMURUGAN AND R. SUNDARAKANNAN
Index 243
Preface
The use of materials in the various fields is inevitable. However, develop-
ing technologies have allowed for the use of lightweight materials for the
desired applications. It is now becoming a part of the regular materials’
vocabulary. Because of the unique nature of the materials, more advanced
research has continued in an effort to reduce the weight of structures. There
is increasing demand for such lightweight materials in a variety of sectors
that minimize energy consumption without compromising material quality.
The use of polymer nanocomposites, such as polymer/carbon nanomateri-
als, in the aerospace industry has grown in the last few years because of the
strength of the components combined with their lightweight features.
Each chapter in this book has been extended with new information, which
goes from basic to in-depth discussion and conclusion. This book intends to
maintain a balance between conventional processing of materials and
design, as well as the recent developments vis-à-vis achieving the immediate
needs. This book is intended for undergraduate students, postgraduate stu-
dents, and research scholars who wish to acquire a broad knowledge of
lightweight materials. In addition, industry personnel will also glean ample
information from this book, as it will help them comprehend and apply the
concepts to practical solutions in better ways. The references cited in this
book will also help them find additional information to go deeper into top-
ics that are of interest to them.
S. Thirumalai Kumaran
Tae Jo Ko
S. Suresh Kumar
Temel Varol
vii
Foreword
MATERIALS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION
We stand today at a critical juncture. While the industrial revolution has
given us a world of infinite possibilities, it has already created a world that
is non-sustainable for the human race. Materials is at the heart of transfor-
mation and particularly the dawn of one civilisation after next. The ages
of copper, bronze, silver, gold, and iron are behind us. Today we stand face
to face with a diversity of materials – mostly synthesized using molecular
chemistries. These new age materials have excellent functional properties –
however, are they sustainable and green.
The core philosophy of going “green” is to reduce the impact of the mate-
rial on the environment. It starts from the mining or synthesis of the starting
blocks – be it a ore or a monomer. Then comes processing – either using
furnaces driven by fossil rules or polymerisation using various toxic sub-
stances often leaving behind a difficult set of residues. Finally the usage of
the material as a product and its end of life. Recycle-Reuse-Retain is the new
age mantra that is driving sustainable manufacturing processes.
It is also noted that a new “sustainable” manufacturing process will be
costly to start with. This is because the incumbent material enjoys a head
start in terms of economies of scale, proven and sturdy supply chain and the
established customer acceptance. It is imperative, therefore, to use modern
tools such as 3D printing, Virtual reality and Artificial Intelligence to shorten
the time to adoption of new materials and new processing technologies and
make them commercially viable.
In light of the above, I am encouraged to go through the 11 chapters of
the book. The topics are very pertinent to the needs of sustainable manufac-
turing. It is refreshing to see the take on automotive and construction and
the attempt by the authors to connect the state of the art research with the
needs of these sectors.
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