Materials for a Healthy, Ecological and Sustainable Built Environment: Principles for Evaluation

417 Pages·2017·6.039 MB·English

by  Emina K. Petrovic, Brenda Vale, Maibritt Pedersen Zari

Materials for a Healthy, Ecological
and Sustainable Built Environment
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Woodhead Publishing Series in
Composites Science and Engineering
Materials for a Healthy,
Ecological and
Sustainable Built
Environment
Principles for Evaluation
Emina Kristina Petrovic´
Brenda Vale
Maibritt Pedersen Zari
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Contents
Listofcontributors xi
Preface:Acallforontologicalconsiderationofbuildingmaterials xiii
EminaKristinaPetrovic´
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction xix
MaibrittPedersenZari,BrendaValeandEminaKristinaPetrovic´
Part I Selecting Building Materials for Reduced Impacts
on Ecosystem Services: Ecosystem Services Analysis 1
1 Utilizingrelationshipsbetweenecosystemservices,
builtenvironments,andbuildingmaterials 3
MaibrittPedersenZari
1.1 Introduction:reducingtheenvironmentalimpact
ofbuiltenvironments 3
1.2 Ecosystemservices:definitionsandboundaries 4
1.3 Relationshipsbetweenecosystemservices 8
1.4 Definingecosystemservicesforabuiltenvironment
context:keyplacesforchange 11
1.5 Descriptionsofecosystemservicesmostapplicable
toabuiltenvironment context 17
1.6 Conclusion:ecosystemservicesandthebuiltenvironment.
Movingtowardsamorepositiverelationship 21
References 22
2 Ecosystemservicesanalysis:incorporatinganunderstanding
ofecosystemservicesintobuiltenvironmentdesignand
materialsselection 29
MaibrittPedersenZari
2.1 Introduction:awiderperspectiveonsustainabilityandthebuilt
environment 29
2.2 Ecosystemservicesanalysisandwholebuilding
orurbandesign 30
2.3 Ecosystemservicesanalysisandmaterialsselection 31
2.4 Benefitsanddifficultiesofapplyingtheecosystem
servicesconcepttobuiltenvironmentdesignand
materialsselection 40
vi Contents
2.5 Potentialimpactsonecosystemservicesofcommonbuilding
materials 41
2.6 Conclusion:Materialsselectionandecosystemservices.
Ashiftinthinking 58
References 59
Part II Choosing Sustainable Materials 65
3 Buildingmaterials 67
BrendaVale
3.1 Introduction 67
3.2 Materialsthataregrown 68
3.3 Materialsthatareextracted 77
3.4 Materialsthataremade 84
3.5 Conclusion 105
References 105
4 Materialsandbuildings 113
BrendaVale
4.1 Choosingmaterials 113
4.2 Designingtominimizebuildinglifecycleimpact 119
4.3 Caveat:buildingusers 132
4.4 Choosinghealthyandlow-impactmaterials 133
References 133
Part III Indoor Toxicity from Building Materials 137
5 Alackofrecognitionofpotentialhealthrisksfrombuilding
materials 139
EminaKristinaPetrovic´
5.1 Introduction 139
5.2 Theproblem 140
5.3 Beyondthechallenges:threestagesofrecognitionofhealthrisks 148
5.4 Conclusion 151
References 152
6 Persistingissueswiththemostrecognizedbuildingmaterial
healthrisks:leadandasbestos 155
EminaKristinaPetrovic´
6.1 Introduction 155
6.2 Issueswithlead 155
6.3 Issueswithasbestos 164
6.4 Conclusion 169
References 171
Contents vii
7 Howsubstancesgetregulatedagainstinthebuildingindustry:
formaldehyde,phthalateplasticizersinpolyvinylchloride/vinyl 175
EminaKristinaPetrovic´
7.1 Introduction 175
7.2 Overviewofvolatileorganiccompounds 175
7.3 Issueswithformaldehyde 178
7.4 Issueswithvinyl,polyvinylchloride,andplasticizers 182
7.5 Conclusion 186
References 187
8 Newandlessrecognizedriskswithbuildingmaterials:volatile
organiccompounds,replacementchemicals,andnanoparticles 191
EminaKristinaPetrovic´
8.1 Introduction 191
8.2 On-goingsuspicion—volatileorganiccompoundsfromcarpets 191
8.3 Replacement andnewsubstances 197
8.4 DiscussiononStage1andconclusion 199
References 200
9 Anoverviewofhealthhazardsfrommaterials:
Applicationofprinciples 203
EminaKristinaPetrovic´
9.1 Introduction 203
9.2 Keycommonalitiesinpolymersources 204
9.3 Plastics—moresolidpolymers 210
9.4 Disposalofplastics 219
9.5 Film-formingfinishes:paints,varnishes,andoils 219
9.6 Biopolymers 223
9.7 Radon 225
9.8 Titaniumdioxide(TiO ) 227
2
9.9 Linoleum—anaturalcomposite 228
9.10 Timber 229
9.11 Conclusion 231
References 232
Part IV Case Studies 237
10 Sustainabilityandthematerialaspectoftraditionalresidential
buildingsinSerbia 239
AnaRadivojevic´,MirjanaRoter-Blagojevic´andLjiljanaÐukanovic´
10.1 Historical,cultural,andsocialcontext 239
10.2 Basictypesoftraditionalruralandurbanresidentialbuildings 240
10.3 Environmentalfeaturesofbuildingmaterialsandstructures 249
10.4 Conclusion 252
Acknowledgments 253
References 253
viii Contents
11 PalmthatchedbuildinginMexico 255
JaimeRios-Calleja
11.1 Introduction 255
11.2 Palmthatchbuildingassessment 261
11.3 Conclusion 268
References 268
12 TheeffectofglobaltradeontheNewZealandhouse 271
NigelIsaacs
12.1 Introduction 271
12.2 Background 271
12.3 Materialselectionanddatasources 272
12.4 Discussion 282
12.5 Conclusion 284
References 284
13 ThurgoonaCampus:Alivinglaboratoryofhealthyandsustainable
materials 287
MarciWebster-Mannison
13.1 Context 287
13.2 Thesite 288
13.3 Buildings 291
13.4 Materials: evolvingthedetail 297
13.5 Conclusion:theissuesarecomplex 307
References 307
14 TheHockertonHousingProject: Acasestudyoftheuseofconcrete 309
RobertVale
14.1 Thermalmassinzero-heatinghouses 309
14.2 Thermalmassinthetwoprojects 311
14.3 Thermalperformanceoftheprojectscompared 314
14.4 Otherconsiderations 318
14.5 Conclusions 318
References 319
15 LambieHouse:deconstructionandeco-refurbishment 321
JohnStorey
15.1 Introduction:adomesticeco-refurbishment 321
15.2 Thebuilderandtheclients:commitmenttoresourcesavings 322
15.3 Reusingwindowsanddoors 322
15.4 Reusingtheroof 323
15.5 Recoveringexistingfittingsandfixtures 325
15.6 Materials: minimizingwaste 325
15.7 Conclusions:intentions,attitudes,andrealities 327
Contents ix
16 Meridian:NewZealand’sfirstGreenStar-ratedbuilding 331
GuyMarriage
16.1 IntroductiontoNewZealandbuiltenvironmentsustainability 331
16.2 Projectsiteanddesignbrief 333
16.3 Materialsselection 334
16.4 Wasteminimization 341
16.5 Conclusion 341
References 342
17 SustainableandhealthybuildingpracticeinGermany 345
RainerHirth
17.1 Introduction 345
17.2 SustainableandhealthyconstructioninGermany 346
17.3 Example1:Asemidetachedhealthyresidence 348
17.4 Example2:Energy-efficientwaterresidence 352
17.5 Conclusion 354
References 355
18 TheBullittCenter:A“LivingBuilding” 357
AdeleLeah
18.1 Introduction 357
18.2 LivingBuildingCertification 357
18.3 Materials“Petal” 360
18.4 ForestStewardshipCouncilProjectCertification 362
18.5 Materialselection 363
18.6 Producttransparency 368
18.7 Conclusion 369
References 369
Conclusion 373
EminaKristinaPetrovic´,BrendaValeandMaibrittPedersenZari
Index 375