Table Of ContentMaterials and
Components
of Interior Architecture
Eighth Edition
J. Rosemary Riggs
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Riggs, J. Rosemary.
Materials and components of interior architecture / J. Rosemary Riggs. — Eighth edition.
pages cm
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-276915-0 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-13-276915-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Building materials. 2. Household appliances.
3. Plumbing—Equipment and supplies. 4. Interior decoration. I. Title.
TA403.R525 2013
698—dc23
2013001334
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-276915-0
ISBN-10: 0-13-276915-8
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ConTEnTs
Foreword xiii
Preface xiv
Introduction xviii
Trademarks xix
CHAPTER 1 Environmental Concerns 1
Air Quality Issues 2
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) 2
Indoor Environmental Quality 3
Approaches to Environmental Issues 3
The Envirosense Consortium 3
Carpet America Recovery Effort (CARE) 4
Green Seal 4
EnErGy StAr 4
LEEd 5
Environmentally Concerned Companies 5
Aged Woods Brand Flooring 5
Shaw Industries 6
Encore International 6
ECOkote 4341 6
Kohler 6
Milliken 6
Mannington Commercial 6
tabrasa 6
Benjamin Moore 7
Oceanside Glasstile 7
Sherwin Williams 7
Teragren Flooring 7
The Wallcovering Association 7
Glossary 7
Endnotes 8
CHAPTER 2 Paints and Wallcoverings 9
Components of Paints 11
Pigments 11
Binders 11
Solvents 12
Additives 12
iii
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Solvent-Based Paint 12
Water-Based Paint 13
Stain 13
Clear Coating 13
Government regulations 14
durability 14
Gloss ratings 14
Lusters 15
Primers 16
Flame-retardant Paints 17
Varnish 18
Shellac 18
Lacquer 19
danish Oil 19
novelty and Faux Finishes 19
Color 20
Application Methods 20
Surface Preparation 21
s
nt Wood 21
e
nt
o
C Plaster 21
Gypsum Board or Drywall 22
v
i Metal 22
Masonry 22
Writing Painting Specifications 22
Using the Manufacturer’s Painting Specification
Information 24
troubleshooting Paint and Varnish Application 24
Wallpaper and Wallcovering 25
Characteristics of Wallcoverings 26
Patterns 26
Dye Lots 27
Pattern Match 27
Types 28
Surface Preparation 29
Printing of Wallcoverings 30
Basic Wallcovering Backings 32
Packaging and Sizes 32
Commercial Wallcoverings 32
Specialty Wallcoverings 33
Polyolefin/Synthetic Textile Wallcoverings 34
Installation 34
Maintenance 35
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Bibliography 35
Glossary 36
Endnotes 37
CHAPTER 3 Carpet 38
History of Carpet 38
Functions of Carpet 40
Construction Methods 40
Tufting 41
Weaving 41
Knitted 42
Needle-Punched 42
Aubusson 42
Axminster and Wilton 42
Fibers 43
Nylon 43
Wool 44
Acrylic 44
Polyester 45
Olefin 45
Cotton 45 v
Sisal and Coir 45
s
Seagrass 45 nt
e
nt
Paper 45 o
C
Jute 45
dyeing 46
Fabric Protectors 46
Antimicrobial Issues 47
Flammability testing 47
Pill Test 47
Flooring Radiant Panel Test 47
Carpet Cushioning 48
Selecting Cushion/Pad 48
Special notes 51
Carpet Specifications 51
Aesthetic Considerations 54
Performance 54
Measuring 55
Problems 56
Cornrowing 56
Depressions or Indentations 56
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Shedding 56
Mold and Mildew 56
Moth and Beetle Control 56
Ripples and Bucklings 56
Shading, Pile Reversal, “Watermarking,” or “Pooling” 57
Sprouting 57
Stain-Resistant Carpet 57
Static Electricity 57
Yellowing 57
Installation 57
Storage 58
Handling 58
Shop Drawings 58
Methods of Installation 59
Cleaning and Maintenance 60
Maintenance Plan and Schedule 61
Daily and Periodic Procedures 62
Color as a Maintenance Factor 62
s
nt Preventative Measures 63
e
nt
o
C Vacuuming Schedules and Equipment 64
Spot Removal 64
vi Importance of the Maintenance Plan 65
Deep Cleaning 65
Bibliography 66
Glossary 66
Endnotes 67
CHAPTER 4 Floors 68
Wood 68
New Products and Trends 71
Types of Wood Flooring 73
Maintenance 77
Bamboo and Palm 78
Installation 78
Laminate 78
Installation 79
Maintenance 79
Grout 79
Marble 80
Characteristics of Marble 81
Installation 84
Maintenance 88
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terrazzo 88
Installation 89
Maintenance 89
travertine 90
Maintenance 90
Granite 90
Installation 91
Maintenance 91
Flagstone 91
Maintenance 92
Slate 92
Installation 93
Maintenance 93
Ceramic tile 93
Ceramic Mosaic Tile 95
Installation 95
Other types of tile 96
Quarry Tile 96
Mexican or Saltillo Tile 97
Glass Tile 97
Glass Block 97
Concrete 98 vii
Maintenance 98
s
nt
Exposed Aggregate 98 e
nt
o
Installation 99 C
Brick 99
Installation 100
Maintenance 100
Linoleum 100
Installation 100
Maintenance 100
Asphalt tile 101
Vinyl Composition tile 101
Installation 101
Maintenance 101
Solid Vinyl 102
Maintenance 102
Pure Vinyl tile 102
Installation 102
Maintenance 102
rubber 103
Maintenance 104
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Sheet Vinyl 104
Installation 105
Maintenance 106
Cork 107
Installation 107
Maintenance 108
Formed-in-Place or Poured Floors 108
Maintenance 108
Bibliography 108
Glossary 108
Endnotes 110
CHAPTER 5 Walls 111
Stone 112
Maintenance 112
Granite 113
Installation 113
Maintenance 113
s
nt
nte Marble 113
o
C
Maintenance 113
travertine 113
viii
Installation 113
Brick 113
Installation 115
Maintenance 115
Concrete 115
Concrete Block 116
Installation 117
Maintenance 117
Glass Block 117
Installation 118
Maintenance 118
Plaster 118
Gypsum Board 119
tambours 121
Installation 122
Wood 122
Installation 123
Plywood Paneling 123
Types of Veneer Cuts 124
Matching of Adjacent Veneer Leaves 124
Matching of Wood Veneer Leaves Within a Panel Face 126
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End-Matching of Wood Veneers 128
Specialty or Sketch Matches of Wood Veneers 128
Wood-Veneer Wall Surfacing 129
Matching of Panels Within a Room 129
Prefinished Plywood 133
Installation 133
Maintenance 133
Particleboard 133
Marlite Slatwall 134
Installation 134
Maintenance 134
decorative Laminate 134
Installation 135
Maintenance 135
Porcelain Enamel 135
Glass 135
Glass tile 137
Installation 137
Mirror 137
Mirror Terminology 138
Installation 139
x
Ceramic tile 139 i
Installation of Ceramic, Metal, and Mirror Tile 139
s
nt
Metal 140 e
nt
o
Acoustical Panels 142 C
Installation 142
Maintenance 142
Cork 142
Installation 143
Maintenance 143
Other Materials 143
Installation 143
Bibliography 143
Glossary 143
Endnotes 144
CHAPTER 6 Ceilings 145
Plaster 146
Gypsum Board 146
Beams 147
Wood 147
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