Marine Antioxidants: Preparations, Syntheses, and Applications

534 Pages·2022·15.2 MB·English

by  Se-Kwon Kim, Kyung-Hoon Shin, Jayachandran Venkatesan

Marine Antioxidants
Preparations, Syntheses, and Applications
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Marine Antioxidants
Preparations, Syntheses, and Applications
Edited by
Se-Kwon Kim
HanyangUniversity,Ansan,SouthKorea
Kyung-Hoon Shin
HanyangUniversity,Ansan,SouthKorea
Jayachandran Venkatesan
BiomaterialsResearchLaboratory,YenepoyaResearchCentre,
Yenepoya(DeemedtobeUniversity),Deralakatte,Mangalore,Karnataka,India
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Contents
Listofcontributors xv 2.4.2 Antioxidantpeptidepurificationand
identification 18
2.5 Antioxidantpotentialanalysisofmarine
1. Marine-derived antioxidant peptides:
peptidesandproteins 19
properties and applications 1
2.5.1 DPPHradical-scavengingassay 20
2.5.2 Hydroxylradicalscavenging 20
DavidC.KempandJungYeonKwon
2.5.3 Superoxideanionradicalanalysis 20
1.1 Introduction 1 2.5.4 Linoleicacidautoxidationinhibition
1.2 Structureandantioxidantpropertiesof
activity 20
marinepeptides 2
2.5.5 Troloxequivalentantioxidant
1.2.1 Primarystructureandantioxidant
capacityassay 21
properties 2
2.6 Applicationsofmarineantioxidant
1.2.2 Secondarystructureandantioxidant proteinsandpeptides 21
properties 3 2.7 Conclusion 22
1.3 Applicationsofmarine-derivedantioxidant References 22
peptides 4
1.3.1 Foodapplicationsofmarine
antioxidantpeptides 4 3. Implications of bioprospecting
1.3.2 Nutritional/physiologicalapplications marine diversity and sustainable
ofmarineantioxidantpeptides 5 production of bioactive compounds 27
1.4 Conclusions 8
References 8 BhavikaBatra,DeekshaSharma,DebajyotiBose,
VijayParthasarthyandArjunSarkar
2. Antioxidant properties of marine 3.1 Introduction 27
proteins and peptides 11 3.2 Bioprospectingmarinenaturalproducts 29
3.2.1 Roleofmarinespecies 29
PrachiVibhute,AkshayaRadhakrishnanand 3.2.2 Propertiesofbioactivecompounds 31
SivakamavalliJeyachandran 3.3 Industrialapplicationsofmarine
biotechnology 32
2.1 Introduction 11
3.3.1 Antitumorcompounds 32
2.2 Sourcesofantioxidantpeptidesfrom
marinelife 12 3.3.2 Antivirals 34
2.3 Mechanismofantioxidantpotentialof 3.3.3 Analgesic 34
marinepeptides 14 3.3.4 Enzymeinhibitors 34
2.3.1 TheAntioxidantactivityandpeptide 3.3.5 Nontoxicantifoulingagents 35
characteristicsrelationship 15 3.4 Innovativetechnologiesforisolating
2.4 Productionandisolationofantioxidant novelproducts 35
peptides 17 3.4.1 Metagenomicapproaches 36
2.4.1 Productionofantioxidantpeptides 3.4.2 DNA-sequencingandbioinformatic
usingenzymehydrolysis 17 technologies 37
v
vi Contents
3.4.3 Spectroscopictechniques: 5.6.2 Seaweedantioxidantsinthe
two-dimensionalnuclearmagnetic managementofcardiovascular
resonancespectroscopyandmass disease 65
spectroscopy 38 5.7 Seaweedantioxidantsinthe
3.4.4 Aquacultureandfermenter managementofarthritis 66
5.8 Nanotechnologyandmarine-derived
cultivationtechniques 38
metabolitesinmitigationofoxidative
3.5 Advancesinbiotechnologyapproaches 39
stress 66
3.6 Challengesinproducingandisolating
marinenaturalproducts 40 5.8.1 Drawbacksofmarinemetabolites
3.7 Futureperspective 41 inmitigatingoxidativestress(cid:1)
References 42 induceddiseases 66
5.8.2 Applicationsofmarine
4. Antioxidants obtained from marine polysaccharidenanoparticlesin
sources 45 circumventingoxidativestress(cid:1)
induceddiseases 67
NamrataNailwal,NiravBhatia,AaliyaAli, 5.9 Futureperspectivesandchallenges 68
AlveeraAnsari,RadhikaRaheja, 5.10 Conclusion 68
AngelGodadandGauravDoshi References 69
4.1 Introduction 45
6. Supercritical extraction of marine
4.1.1 Antioxidants 45
4.2 Marineorganisms:apotentialsourceof antioxidants 73
antioxidativemolecules 46
BeatrizDı´az-Reinoso,ElenaMBalboa,
4.2.1 Algae 46
Andre´sMoureandHerminiaDomı´nguez
4.2.2 Sponges 48
4.2.3 Mussels 50 6.1 Introduction 73
4.2.4 Seacucumber 50 6.2 Majormarinecarotenoids 74
4.3 Conclusion 52 6.3 Carotenoidsasantioxidants 74
Acknowledgment 52 6.4 Supercriticalfluidextraction,
ConflictofInterest 52 fundamentals,andoperationalconditions 76
Funding 52 6.4.1 Initialpretreatmentofthesolid 79
ConsentforPublication 52 6.4.2 Pressureandtemperature 80
References 52 6.4.3 Modifier 81
6.4.4 Flowrate 81
5. Antioxidant potential of bioactive 6.5 Applications 82
molecules from marine algae in 6.5.1 Sequentialvalorizationbiorefinery 83
6.6 Concludingremarks 83
chronic diseases: a critical review of
References 83
antioxidants from Indian waters 57
TamilManiSubiM,NandakumarSelvasudha, 7. The role of antioxidant enzymes in
AdhilAshrafandHannahR.Vasanthi diatoms and their therapeutic role 89
5.1 Introduction 57 AbhishekSaxena,JayaLakshmi,
5.2 Seaweedresourcesinternationallyand RayaBhattacharjya,PankajKumarSingh,
nationally 57 BhartiMishraandArchanaTiwari
5.3 Oxidativestressanddiseasepathologies 59
5.4 Antioxidantmoleculesfrommarinealgae 60 7.1 Introduction 89
7.2 Diatomsandtheirroleintheenvironment 89
5.4.1 Polyphenolsinseaweeds 60
7.2.1 Roleofdiatomsinbiomineralization 90
5.4.2 Polysaccharidesinseaweeds 62
7.2.2 Roleofdiatomsinbiomaterial
5.4.3 Fattyacidsinseaweeds 63
5.4.4 Terpenoidsinseaweeds 63 synthesis 90
5.5 Mechanismofmitigatingoxidativestress 7.2.3 Roleofdiatomsinthedegradation
byalgalantioxidantsinchronicdiseases 64 ofwaste 90
5.6 Seaweedantioxidantsformanagement 7.2.4 Roleofdiatomsinaquaculturefeed 91
ofcancer 64 7.2.5 Roleofdiatomsinbiofuelproduction 91
5.6.1 Seaweedantioxidantsinthe 7.2.6 Roleofdiatomsinproducingother
managementofdiabetes 65 valuableproducts 91
Contents vii
7.3 Antioxidantsandtheirroleindiatoms 92 8.3.13 Ascorbicacid(Ascorbate) 124
7.4 Diatomantioxidativeenzymes 93 8.3.14 Scytonemin 124
7.4.1 Catalase 95 8.3.15 Mycosporine-likeaminoacids 125
7.4.2 Superoxidedismutase 95 8.3.16 Ergothioneine 125
7.4.3 Peroxidase 96 8.4 Futureperspectives 126
7.4.4 Glutathioneperoxidase 96 References 126
7.4.5 Ascorbateperoxidase 97
7.4.6 Glutathionereductase 97 9. Antioxidant activity of marine
7.5 Effectofdifferentenvironmentalstressors
bacterial pigments 133
(bioticandabiotic)onenzymaticresponse 97
7.5.1 Light 97 S.Bharathi,S.GowriLakshmiand
7.5.2 Temperature 97 M.Radhakrishnan
7.5.3 Icecover 100
9.1 Introduction 133
7.5.4 Chemicalpollutants 100
9.2 Pigmentsfrommarinebacteria 133
7.5.5 Salinity 101
9.2.1 Carotenoids 134
7.5.6 Nutrientstarvation 102
9.2.2 Prodigiosin 135
7.6 Mechanismofantioxidativeenzyme
9.2.3 Melanin 135
action 102
7.7 Therapeuticpotentialandother 9.2.4 Violacein 135
applicationsofantioxidativeenzymes 103 9.2.5 Phenazinecompounds 136
7.8 Otherantioxidants(nonenzymatic) 104 9.2.6 Quinones 136
7.8.1 Exogenousnonenzymatic 9.2.7 Tambiamines 136
antioxidants 104 9.3 Applicationsofbacterialpigments 136
7.8.2 Endogenousnonenzymatic 9.3.1 Foodcolorant 136
antioxidants 105 9.3.2 Dyeingagent 136
7.9 Applicationsofdiatomantioxidants 105 9.3.3 Anticanceractivity 137
7.9.1 Roleofnonenzymaticantioxidants 106 9.3.4 Antimicrobialactivity 137
7.9.2 Roleofenzymaticantioxidants 107 9.3.5 Antioxidantactivity 137
7.10 Futureprospects 107 9.4 Conclusion 138
7.11 Conclusion 109 Acknowledgment 138
Acknowledgment 109 Conflictofinterest 138
References 109 References 138
Furtherreading 118
10. Marine antioxidants from
8. Antioxidants from marine microalgae 141
cyanobacteria 119
FatemehKhavari,FatemeAsadi,FatemehNouri,
A.A.MohamedHathaandN.S.Sumayya MohammadTaheri,FatemeMohammadi,
MojdehMohammadi,ParisaHabibiand
8.1 Introduction 119
BabakAsghari
8.2 Naturalproductionofantioxidantsin
cyanobacteria 120 10.1 Introduction 141
8.3 Antioxidantmoleculesincyanobacteria 120 10.2 Reactiveoxygenspeciesandoxidative
8.3.1 Chlorophyll 120 stress 141
8.3.2 Carotenoids 121 10.3 Reactiveoxygenspeciesand
antioxidants 142
8.3.3 Zeaxanthin 121
10.4 Applicationofmicroalgae
8.3.4 Astaxanthin 122
antioxidantsincosmetics 143
8.3.5 Myxolglycosides 122
10.5 Applicationofmicroalgae
8.3.6 Phenoliccompounds 122
antioxidantsinhumanhealth 144
8.3.7 Glutathione 122
10.6 Factorsinfluencetheantioxidant
8.3.8 Phycobiliproteins 122 propertiesofalgae 144
8.3.9 Phycocyanin 123 10.6.1 Metalsandacidicsituations 144
8.3.10 Phycoerythrin 123 10.6.2 Metalentryintothecell 145
8.3.11 Flavonoids 123 10.6.3 Acidicconditionsandmetal
8.3.12 Tocopherols 124 stress 148
viii Contents
10.6.4 Fattyacidcontent 148 12.3.2 Chloroplast 188
10.6.5 Pigmentscontent 149 12.3.3 Peroxisomes 189
10.6.6 Polysaccharidecontent 149 12.3.4 Apoplast 189
10.6.7 Proteincontent 150 12.3.5 Plasmamembranes 189
10.6.8 Highsolarirradiance 150 12.4 Scavengingofreactiveoxygenspecies
10.6.9 NutrientstarvationI 152 inthehalophytes 189
10.6.10 NutrientstarvationII 152 12.4.1 Scavengingofreactiveoxygen
10.6.11 Carotenoidcontent 153 speciesfromenzymaticactivity
10.6.12 Totalphenoliccontent 154 inhalophytes 189
10.6.13 Influenceofillumination 12.4.2 Nonenzymaticcontrolofreactive
intensity 155 oxygenspeciesactivityin
10.6.14 Effectofextractionmethods halophytes 191
12.5 Applicationandroleofantioxidantsin
andsolventsontheantioxidant
foodandnutrition 192
potentialofmicroalgaebiomass 156
12.6 Roleofantioxidantsindiseasecontrol 193
References 156
12.7 Conclusionandfutureprospectus 193
Acknowledgments 193
11. Algal cell factories as a source of References 193
marine antioxidants 161
13. In silico discovery of antioxidant
RabinderSingh,MohammedRehmanji,
peptides from the sea grass
AshaA.NesammaandPannagaP.Jutur
Posidonia australis 197
11.1 Introduction 161
11.2 Marineantioxidantsfromdifferent Tsun-ThaiChai,ClaraChia-CiWong,
algalsources 162 Jiun-AnKoh,JillianLean-SimOoiand
11.2.1 Cyanobacteria 162 Fai-ChuWong
11.2.2 Microalgae 163
13.1 Introduction 197
11.2.3 Macroalgae 167
13.2 Materialsandmethods 198
11.3 Environmentaltriggersstressors
13.2.1 ProteinsequencesofPosidonia
associatedwithantioxidantproduction
australisproteins 198
inmicroalgae 167
13.2.2 Insilicogastrointestinal
11.3.1 Nutrients 168
digestion 198
11.3.2 Light 168
13.2.3 Screeningofgastrointestinal
11.3.3 Salinity 169
absorption,toxicity,allergenicity,
11.4 Extractionofalgalantioxidantsand
andfreeradical-scavenging
theirdetectionassays 169
properties 198
11.4.1 Conventionalmethods 169
13.2.4 Preparationofligandand
11.4.2 Nonconventionalmethods 170
macromoleculestructures 199
11.4.3 Antioxidantdetectionassays 173
11.5 Potentialapplicationsofmarine 13.2.5 Moleculardockingwith
antioxidants 175 Webina1.0.3 201
11.6 Conclusions 176 13.2.6 Pharmacokineticproperties
Acknowledgments 176 prediction 201
Conflictofinterest 176 13.3 Resultsanddiscussion 201
References 176 13.4 Conclusions 211
References 211
12. Halophytes: a potential source of
antioxidants 185 14. Antioxidant properties from novel
marine actinobacteria 215
ShrikantD.Khandare,AjeetSinghand
DoongarR.Chaudhary KannanKamala,PitchiahSivaperumal,
G.J.JeevanKumarandDhanrajM.Ganapathy
12.1 Introduction 185
12.2 Antioxidants 187 14.1 Introduction 215
12.3 Reactiveoxygenspeciesproduction 14.2 Overviewofantioxidantpotential
sitesinhalophytes 188 fromactinobacteria 216
12.3.1 Mitochondria 188 14.3 Typesandclassificationofantioxidant 216
Contents ix
14.3.1 Roleofantioxidant 216 16.3 Antioxidantpotentialfromtrue
14.3.2 Freeradicals 216 mangrovesofRhizophoraspecies 235
14.3.3 Totalantioxidantactivity 217 16.3.1 Rhizophoramucronata 235
14.3.4 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 16.3.2 Rhizophorastylosa 236
assay 217 16.3.3 Rhizophoraapiculata 236
14.3.5 Totalreducingpower 217 16.4 Antioxidantpropertiesfromother
14.3.6 Hydrogenperoxide(cid:1)scavenging truemangrovespecies 236
assay 217 16.4.1 Excoecariaagallocha 236
14.3.7 Nitricoxideradical(cid:1)scavenging 16.4.2 Lumnitzeraracemose 236
assay 217 16.4.3 Acanthusilicifolius 237
14.3.8 Lipidperoxidationassay 218 16.4.4 Bruguieragymnorrhiza 237
14.4 Impactonhumanhealth 218 16.5 Mangrove-associatedmicrobesand
14.5 Antioxidantpotentialfrommarine theirpotentialantioxidantproperties 237
actinobacteria 218 16.6 Conclusion 238
14.6 Conclusion 219 Acknowledgments 238
Acknowledgments 219 References 238
References 219
17. Bioactive peptides as a potential
15. Marine fish-derived proteins and antioxidants from marine
peptides as potential antioxidants 221 byproducts 241
KirtiandSamantaS.Khora PavaniSanapalaandSudhakarPola
15.1 Introduction 221 17.1 Introduction 241
15.2 Marinefishassourcesofproteins 17.2 Antioxidantpeptides 241
andpeptides 222 17.3 Preparationandpurificationof
15.3 Compositionofmarinefishproteins 222 marinebioactivepeptides 243
15.4 Isolationandpurificationof 17.4 Conclusion 245
antioxidantproteinsandpeptides 223 References 245
15.4.1 Acid-alkalinehydrolysis 223
15.4.2 Extractionofcollagenprotein 224 18. Mangrove species as a potential
15.4.3 Enzymatichydrolysis 224 source of bioactive compounds for
15.4.4 Fermentationmethod 224 diverse therapeutic applications 249
15.5 Purificationofisolatedmarinefish
proteinsandpeptides 224 M.KiranKumarandSudhakarPola
15.6 Assessmentofantioxidantactivityof
18.1 Introduction 249
marinefishproteinsandpeptides 225
18.2 Mangroveecosystem 249
15.7 Antioxidantactivitiesofproteinsand
18.3 Mangrovesintraditionalmedicine 250
peptidesobtainedfrommarinefish 226
18.4 Bioactivecompoundsfrommangroves 252
15.8 Applicationsofantioxidantproteinsand
18.5 Therapeuticapplicationsofmangroves 253
peptidesobtainedfrommarinefish 227
18.5.1 Antioxidantactivities 253
15.9 Futureprospects 229
15.10 Conclusion 229 18.5.2 Antimicrobialactivities 254
References 229 18.5.3 Anti-inflammatoryactivities 255
18.5.4 Anticanceractivities 255
18.5.5 Antidiabeticactivities 257
16. Antioxidant potential from true
18.6 Conclusion 259
mangroves and their associated References 259
marine organisms 233
19. Synthesis of metal and metal oxide
PitchiahSivaperumal,KannanKamala,
V.L.Sangeetha,DhanrajM.Ganapathyand nanoparticles based on marine
G.J.JeevanKumar antioxidants from seaweeds: An
insight 265
16.1 Introduction 233
16.2 Antioxidantactivityfromtrue
AkshitaGupta,MokshTandon,
mangrovesofAvicenniaspecies 233
ShailendraKumarAryaandAnupreetKaur
16.2.1 Avicenniamarina 233
16.2.2 Avicenniaofficinalis 234 19.1 Introduction 265