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Manual Drafting
for Interiors
S. Christine Cavataio
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
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Librar y of Congress Cataloging- in- Publica tion Data:
Cavataio, S. Christine.
Manual drafting for interiors / S. Christine Cavataio.
p . cm.
I ncludes index.
ISBN 978–0–470–87940–5 (pbk.); 9781118121658 (ebk.); 978–1–118–12166–5 (ebk.); 978–1–118–12997–5 (ebk.);
978–1–118–12998–2 (ebk.); 978–1–118–12999–9 (ebk.)
1. Architectural drawing—Technique. 2. Interior decoration rendering—
Technique. I. Title.
NA2708.C38 2012
729.028—dc22 2011016230
Printed in the United States of America
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Preface vii Stylistic Differences 57
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Composing the Drawing Sheet 58
Acknowledgments ix
Assignments 61
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CHAPTER 1: Before Beginning 1 CHAPTER 5: Adding Details 63 E
Key Terms and Phrases 1 Key Terms and Phrases 63
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About This Text 1 Material Symbols 64
Chapter Descriptions 2 Line Weights for Details 66
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Drafting versus Freehand Drawing 4 Upholstered Furniture in Plan 67
What Skills Are Needed to Draft by Hand? 6 Adding the Human Figure 67 S
Why Learn Manual Drafting? 6 Plants in the Interior 70
Three Critical Concepts 8 Windows in Elevation 70
Expectations and Frustration 9 Poché 71
Assignments 11 Assignments 73
CHAPTER 2: Getting Started 13 CHAPTER 6: Adding Dimensions and Notes 75
Key Terms and Phrases 13 Key Terms and Phrases 75
Recommended Drafting Equipment and Supplies 14 Parts of a Dimension Line 75
Care of Tools 22 Drawing Dimension Lines 77
Setting Up the Drafting Surface and Starting Practice 23 Placement of Dimension Numbers 78
Line Weights and Line Types 27 Dimensioning Variations 79
Assignments 29 Notes in Drawings 80
Coordinating Dimensions and Notes 81
CHAPTER 3: Understanding Orthographic Drawings 31
Assignments 83
Key Terms and Phrases 31
Defining Orthographic Drawing 32 CHAPTER 7: Developing a Set of Drawings 85
Orthographic Views for Interior Spaces 33 Key Terms and Phrases 85
Understanding Orthographic Projection 40 Working Drawings 85
Considerations for Creating Orthographic Views 40 What Makes Multiple Sheets of Drawings a Set? 87
Drafting Conventions 49 List of Drawings for Construction of an Interior 87
Assignments 51 Symbols for Set Coordination 89
Making Elevation and Section Symbols 91
CHAPTER 4: Learning Architectural Lettering 53
Steps to Developing a Set 92
Key Terms and Phrases 53
Checking the Drawing Set 93
Guidelines 53
Assignments 94
Numbers 54
Letter Spacing 54 CHAPTER 8: Drafting Three- Dimensional Drawings 97
Line Spacing 55 Key Terms and Phrases 97
Lettering With a Triangle 56 Types of Paraline Views 98
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Construction of Paraline Views 100 Preparing Measured Drawings 123
Tips for Drawing Paralines 101 Rendering Techniques for Hard- line Drawings 128
Assignments 109 Reflective Materials: Stainless Steel, Mirrors 129
Using Historic Rendering Techniques 132
CHAPTER 9: Recording Field Measurements 111
Assignments 135
Key Terms and Phrases 111
Steps for Recording Site Dimensions 111 Glossary of Common Building Design Terms 139
A Note About Accuracy 116 Index 147
Assignments 119
CHAPTER 10: Hand Drafting for Documentation and Rendering 121
Key Terms and Phrases 121
What Is Measured Drawing? 122
vi CONTENTS
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Introducing the principles and skills of manual drafting conditions. Alternatively, the ability to hand draft
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for interior design practice is the focus of this book. p romotes using sketches for creative problem solving.
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Readers are provided with information to learn drafting No matter the age of the drawing, skillful hand
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conventions and techniques while also learning the drafting is enjoyable to view because it exquisitely dis-
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language of architectural design communication. Knowl- plays crisp precision, while every mark manifests the
edge of this form of drawing and its related terminology individual who produced it. As digital means of design C
is crucial for building design professionals. Manual draft- communication have become more commonplace, E
ing has many useful applications for the study of interiors manual drafting is increasingly valued as a form of cre-
that help support the exploration and visualization of ative expression.
both form and surface treatments throughout the design The need for a text that extends instruction outside
process. The ability to hand draw is a useful tool that of the classroom has grown as hand-d rafting skills are
serves interior designers throughout their careers. being taught more frequently in shorter time frames than
Despite the dramatic decline of relying on hand in the past. This change has come about as curricula are
drawing in design o ffices, there still exists a strong adapted to reflect the expanding knowledge base required
motive for teaching manual drafting skills. As instruc- for interior design practice in the t wenty-f irst century.
tors in this subject area can attest, students who are able This book is designed for use as a course textbook,
to manually draft often quickly grasp an understanding a self- tutoring handbook, and a general reference guide.
of the space or component they are designing. The Its smaller size makes it convenient to be packed into
kinesthetic act of completing a manually drafted draw- a drafting toolbox and carried to class and to the work-
ing provides time to reflect, resulting in a more thorough place. The chapters are arranged in the same order as
and thoughtful response. Drafting hand skills and a drafting course, starting with an introduction of tools
knowledge also serve as a platform for learning and then presenting instructions and illustrations that
computer- aided drafting software. indicate how to execute drawings. Important design
Additionally, key concepts and conventions of communication terminology from the chapter contents
architectural drafting can be applied to creating is displayed at the beginning of each chapter. Drafting
t wo-d imensional freehand sketches of the built assignments at the end of every chapter provide an
e nvironment. This ability is particularly helpful for opportunity to develop skill while applying increasingly
observing and recording a building’s existing interior more difficult techniques.
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