Managing technology and product development programmes : a framework for success

280 Pages·2019·4.479 MB·English

by  Peter Flinn

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ManagingTechnologyandProductDevelopmentProgrammes
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Managing Technology and Product
Development Programmes
AFrameworkforSuccess
PeterFlinn
Ashbourne,UK
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2019
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Flinn,Peter,1948-author.
Title:Managingtechnologyandproductdevelopmentprogrammes:aframework
forsuccess/Mr.PeterFlinn,Ashbourne,UK.
Description:Hoboken,NJ:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,2019.|Includes
bibliographicalreferencesandindex.|
Identifiers:LCCN2018044854(print)|LCCN2018046236(ebook)|ISBN
9781119517269(AdobePDF)|ISBN9781119517252(ePub)|ISBN9781119517245
(hardcover)
Subjects:LCSH:Newproducts.
Classification:LCCTS170(ebook)|LCCTS170.F552019(print)|DDC
658.5/75–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018044854
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AbouttheAuthor
PeterFlinnisaBritishengineerwhooriginallystudiedmechanicalsciencesat
the University of Cambridge. He also has an MBA and studied international
managementatHarvardUniversity.HeisaFellowoftheInstitutionofMechan-
icalEngineers.
Duringhiscareer,heworkedintheaerospace,commercialvehicle,rail,and
processindustriesholdingchiefengineer,headofengineering,andmanaging
director positions within international organisations. In recent years, he has
ledthecreationoftheManufacturingTechnologyCentreinCoventry,andthe
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Throughouthisnearly50-yearcareer,hehastakenakeen,practicalinterest
inthesubjectofthisbook–howtodeveloptechnologyandproducts.Hehas
directexperienceoftechnologyresearchworkthroughallphasesofdevelop-
menttomanufacturingmanagement.Thecontentisbasedonthisexperience
and, in particular, on what does or does not produce successful results. He
hopesthatthecontentofthebookwillproveusefultoengineers,technologists,
andinvestorsinthesefields.
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Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 WhyWriteThisBook? 1
1.2 ImportanceoftheProductDevelopmentProcess 3
1.3 PerspectiveofThisBook 3
1.4 IntendedReadership 4
1.5 Science,Technology,Innovation,Engineering,andProduct
Development 4
(cid:2) 1.6 TheChangingNatureofEngineering 5 (cid:2)
1.7 TheFourthIndustrialRevolution 7
1.8 ScopeofThisBook 7
1.9 StructureofThisBook 8
1.10 ReadingSequence 10
References 10
2 EngineeringasaProcess 13
2.1 Background 13
2.2 TheBasicComponentsoftheProcess 13
2.3 ExpenditureonResearchandDevelopment 15
2.4 EconomicReturnsfromR&DWork 17
2.5 ScienceasthePrecursorofTechnology 18
2.6 IterationastheHeartoftheProcess 19
2.7 ImpactofLow-CostComputing 20
2.8 ANonlinearProcess? 20
2.9 Multiple,ParallelActivities 21
2.10 RightFirstTimeversusIteration 22
2.11 LeanThinkingApproach 22
2.12 CostofProblemResolution 23
2.13 RiskversusTime 24
2.14 CreativityversusRiskManagement 26
2.15 EarlyDetectionofProblems 28
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2.16 ManagementofChange 28
2.17 ManagementofLearning 29
2.18 GovernanceoftheProcess 30
2.19 FormalQualityManagementSystems 30
2.20 ConcludingPoints 31
References 32
3 EvaluatingtheMaturityofDevelopingTechnology 35
3.1 Background 35
3.2 OriginsofTechnologyReadinessMeasurement 36
3.3 PurposeofTechnologyMaturityAssessment 37
3.4 UsersofTechnologyMaturityAssessment 37
3.5 WhatIsTechnologyMaturity? 38
3.6 TechnologyReadinessLevel(TRL)Structure 38
3.7 PhasesofTechnologyReadiness 40
3.8 The‘ValleyofDeath’ 42
3.9 ManufacturingReadinessLevel(MRL)Structure 43
3.10 ProgressingthroughtheScales–SomePracticalPoints 43
3.11 InternationalStandards 48
3.12 AssessmentofTRLandMRLLevels 49
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3.13 SynchronisingTechnologyandManufacturingMaturity 52
3.14 LimitationsofTechnologyMaturityAssessment 53
3.15 ConcludingPoints 54
References 54
4 AligningTechnologyDevelopmentwithBusinessand
ManufacturingStrategy 57
4.1 Introduction 57
4.2 BusinessContext 57
4.3 BasisofCompetition 59
4.4 TheValueProposition 60
4.5 IndustryStructure 62
4.6 RoutestoCommercialisation 63
4.7 SatisfyingaRangeofCustomers 65
4.8 LinkingtoManufacturingStrategy 66
4.9 CorePrinciplesofManagingtheInterface 66
4.10 DesignforManufactureMethodologies 67
4.11 DesignforNewMethodsandMaterials 69
4.12 DesignforConnectivity–InternetofThings 70
4.13 DesignforEnvironmentalConsiderations 70
4.14 ConcludingPoints 71
References 72
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Contents ix
5 PlanningandManagingtheWork 73
5.1 Introduction 73
5.2 TheBasics 74
5.3 DifferentApproaches 75
5.4 DifferentFormsofProject 75
5.5 TheProjectMandateorCharter 76
5.6 ProjectDescription 77
5.7 TimingCharts 78
5.8 MilestoneCharts 80
5.9 RiskManagement 82
5.10 ResourcePlanning 84
5.11 ProjectContingency 86
5.12 OrganisingforProjects 87
5.13 MonitoringSmallProjectsorSubprojects 89
5.14 ApprovalandFormalMonitoringofLargeProjects 90
5.15 ProjectManagementversusTechnologyMaturityAssessment 93
5.16 ConcludingPoints 93
References 93
6 DevelopingtheConcept 95
(cid:2) 6.1 Introduction 95 (cid:2)
6.2 KeyElementsoftheProcess 96
6.3 TechnologyRoadmapping 98
6.4 OpenInnovation 99
6.5 ConceptDevelopment 100
6.6 IndustrialDesign 102
6.7 KeySuccessFactors 102
6.8 IdentifyingandMeetingCustomerNeeds 103
6.9 CustomerDataGathering 104
6.10 WhoIstheCustomer? 106
6.11 LinkingDetailedDesigntoCustomerNeeds 106
6.12 EnsuringaRobustDesign–TaguchiMethods 109
6.13 TechnologyandManufacturingDevelopmentattheConcept
Stage 111
6.14 EconomicEvaluation 112
6.15 ProtectingIntellectualProperty 112
6.16 FundingofEarly-StageWork 114
6.17 ConcludingPoints 114
References 114
7 IdentifyingandManagingEngineeringRisks 117
7.1 Introduction 117
7.2 IdentificationofRisks 118
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7.3 Risk-BasedApproach 119
7.4 SourcesofEngineeringRisk 121
7.5 QualitativeRiskAssessmentMethodologies 122
7.6 FaultTreeAnalysis 124
7.7 HazardandOperabilityReviews–HAZOP 126
7.8 QuantitativeRiskAssessment 128
7.9 FunctionalSafety 128
7.10 AsLowasReasonablyPracticable 130
7.11 SafetyCases 132
7.12 StretchingtheBoundaries 132
7.13 ConcludingPoints 134
References 135
8 ValidationbyModellingandPhysicalTesting 137
8.1 Introduction 137
8.2 PurposeofDevelopmentandValidationWork 138
8.3 Methods 139
8.4 ValidationandTestProgrammes 139
8.5 EngineeringCalculation 140
8.6 ModellingandSimulation 141
(cid:2) 8.7 PhysicalTesting 143 (cid:2)
8.8 PrototypesNotPossible? 146
8.9 PhysicalTestandLaboratorySupportFacilities 147
8.10 CorrelationofModellingandTesting 148
8.11 AssessmentofServiceability 148
8.12 SoftwareDevelopmentandValidation 149
8.13 ReliabilityTesting 150
8.14 CorrectiveActionManagement 152
8.15 FinancialValidation 153
8.16 ConcludingPoints 154
References 156
9 EngineeringDelivery 157
9.1 Introduction 157
9.2 FormsofInformationOutput 158
9.3 ConnectedProducts–InternetofThings 159
9.4 DetailedDesign 159
9.5 HandlingtheInterfaces 161
9.6 CostofDelayedProgrammes 162
9.7 PlanningandDecision-Making 162
9.8 SpecialisedResources 164
9.9 FlowofInformation 165
9.10 TheImportanceofGoodSystems 166
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9.11 TheRoleofStandardsandDesignCodes 166
9.12 TrackingProductCostandInvestment 167
9.13 KnowingWhentoStop 168
9.14 SigningOfftheProduct 169
9.15 ExamplesofGoodandBadPractice 169
9.16 ConcludingPoints 171
References 172
10 FundingtheProgramme 173
10.1 Introduction 173
10.2 InternalFunding 174
10.3 FriendsandFamilyFunding 175
10.4 AngelInvestors 176
10.5 VentureCapitalFunding 177
10.6 PrivateEquityFunding 177
10.7 EquityCrowd-Funding 178
10.8 BankLending 178
10.9 Peer-to-Peer(P2P)Lending 179
10.10 PublicFundingofEarly-StageWork 179
10.11 PublicDevelopmentFacilities 181
(cid:2) 10.12 BusinessPlans 182 (cid:2)
10.13 ConcludingPoints 182
References 183
11 RunningTeamsandWorkingwithPartners 185
11.1 Introduction 185
11.2 WorkingCollaboratively 186
11.3 TeamComposition 187
11.4 TeamDevelopment 188
11.5 WorkingwithPartners 189
11.6 WorkingInternationally 191
11.7 WorkingVirtually 192
11.8 LeadershipofTechnologyandProductDevelopmentProjects 193
11.9 PersonalityTraits 194
11.10 SelectingPeople 196
11.11 DevelopingPeople 198
11.12 ConcludingPoints 199
References 200
12 Decision-MakingandProblemSolving 201
12.1 Introduction 201
12.2 DecisionstobeTaken 202
12.3 CriticalThinking 202
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12.4 System1andSystem2Thinking 203
12.5 HumanBarrierstoDecision-Making 204
12.6 EastversusWest 205
12.7 StatisticalThinking 207
12.8 ApplicationtoManagementProcesses 209
12.9 ProblemSolving–A3Method 210
12.10 CreativeProblemSolving–TRIZMethod 214
12.11 ConcludingPoints 216
References 216
13 ImprovingProductDevelopmentPerformance 219
13.1 Introduction 219
13.2 WhatTypeofOrganisationAreWeDealingWith? 219
13.3 StructuringImprovementandChangeInitiatives 220
13.4 DiagnosingtheCurrentSituation–GeneratingUrgency 221
13.5 OrganisingaWayForward–TheLeadershipRole 223
13.6 DevelopingtheStrategyandVision 223
13.7 CommunicatingtheVision 224
13.8 EmpoweringtheOrganisation 225
13.9 GeneratingShort-TermWins 226
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13.10 Longer-Term,PermanentChange 227
13.11 AchievingPermanence 228
13.12 ModelofGoodPractice–ToyotaProductDevelopment
System 229
13.13 ModelsofGoodPractice–AgileSoftwareDevelopment 230
13.14 ConcludingPoints 232
References 232
14 Summary,ConcludingPoints,andRecommendations 235
14.1 TheRationaleforThisBook 235
14.2 TheEngineeringProcess 236
14.3 TechnologyMaturity 237
14.4 AligningTechnologywithBusinessNeeds 238
14.5 PlanningtheWork 239
14.6 CreatingtheConcept 240
14.7 IdentifyingandManagingRisks 241
14.8 Validation 242
14.9 EngineeringDelivery 243
14.10 FundingtheProgramme 244
14.11 RunningTeamsandWorkingwithPartners 245
14.12 CriticalThinking 246
14.13 ImprovingProductDevelopmentPerformance 248
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