Managing Arsenic in the Environment: From Soil to Human Health

673 Pages·2006·19.406 MB·English

by  R. Naidu, Euan Smith, Gary Owens, Prosun Bhattacharya, Peter Nadebaum

MANAGING ARSENIC
IN THE ENVIRONMENT
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MANAGING ARSENIC
IN THE ENVIRONMENT
F r o m s o i l t o h u m a n h e a l t h
Editors: Ravi Naidu, Euan Smith, Gary Owens,
Prosun Bhattacharya and Peter Nadebaum
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© CSIRO 2006
All rights reserved. Except under the conditions described in the Australian Copyright Act 1968 and
subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, duplicating
or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Contact CSIRO PUBLISHING for
all permission requests.
National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry
Managing arsenic in the environment : from soil to human health.
Bibliography.
Includes index.
ISBN 0 643 06868 6.
1. Arsenic – Environmental aspects. 2. Arsenic – Health aspects.
3. Soils – Arsenic content. I. Naidu, R.
615.925715
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ISBN 1-57808-425-3
Front cover
Photo by David Jacquier
Edited by Adrienne de Kretser
Index by Russell Brooks
Set in Adobe Minion & ITC Stone Sans
Cover and text design by James Kelly
Typeset by Desktop Concepts Pty Ltd, Melbourne
Printed in Australia by Ligare
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Contents
Editors and contributors viii
Introduction xiii
Ravi Naidu, Euan Smith, Gary Owens, Prosun Bhattacharya & Peter Nadebaum
Part A Arsenic around the world – an overview 1
1 Arsenic contamination incidents around the world 3
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Mrinal Kumar Sengupta, Uttam Kumar
Chowdhury, Dilip Lodh, Bhaskar Das, Sad Ahamed, Debapriya Mandal, Md Amir
Hossain, Subhash Chandra Mukherjee, Shymapada Pati, Kshitish Chandra Saha &
Dipankar Chakraborti
2 Arsenic in aquifers of the Bengal Basin 31
William Burgess & Kazi Matin Ahmed
Part B Analytical tools for assessing the dynamics
of arsenic in environmental samples 59
3 Arsenic speciation in the environment 61
Kazi Akter & Ravi Naidu
4 Solid phase speciation of arsenic 75
Markus Gräfe & Donald L Sparks
Part C Dynamics of arsenic in groundwater 93
5 Mobility of arsenic in groundwater in part of Brahmanbaria district, NE Bangladesh 95
Prosun Bhattacharya, Kazi Matin Ahmed, M Aziz Hasan, Sandra Broms, Johan
Fogelström, Gunnar Jacks, Ondra Sracek, Mattias von Brömssen & Joyanto Routh
6 Humic substances and arsenic in groundwater 117
MA Simeoni & PB Hostetler
7 Natural occurrences of inorganic arsenic in the Australian coastal groundwater
environment 129
James VS Smith, Jerzy Jankowski & Jesmond Sammut
Part D Fate of arsenic in soil, water and plants 155
8 Fate of arsenic in the soil environment 157
Ronald G McLaren, M Megharaj, & Ravi Naidu
9 Arsenic phytotoxicity 183
Jacqui Horswell & Tom Speir
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vi Contents
10 Sequestration of arsenic by plants 209
Walter J Fitz & Walter W Wenzel
11 Factors infl uencing bioavailability of arsenic to crops 223
Zheng Miao Xie & Ravi Naidu
12 Arsenic accumulation by aquatic and terrestrial plants 235
Brett Robinson, Monica Marchetti, Christophe Moni, Lina Schroeter,
Carlo van den Dijssel, Georgie Milne, Nanthi Bolan & Santiago Mahimairaja
Colour plates 249
Part E Food chain issues 253
13 Dietary intake of arsenic from crops 255
Ray Correll, SM Imamul Huq, Euan Smith, Gary Owens & Ravi Naidu
14 Arsenic contamination of Bangladesh rice 273
Andrew A Meharg
15 Arsenic accumulation in food sources in Bangladesh 283
SM Imamul Huq, Ray Correll & Ravi Naidu
Part F Human health issues 295
16 Arsenic in health and disease 297
Ranjit N Ratnaike
17 Environmental pathology and health effects of arsenic poisoning 311
José A Centeno, Paul B Tchounwou, Anita K Patlolla, Florabel G Mullick, Linda
Murakata, Elizabeth Meza, Todor Todorov, David Longfellow & Clement G Yedjou
Part G Remediation of arsenic-contaminated water 329
18 Management and remediation of arsenic from contaminated water 331
Ravi Naidu & Prosun Bhattacharya
19 Arsenic mitigation 355
Abul Hasnat Milton, Wayne Smith, Keith Dear, Bruce Caldwell, Malcolm Sim &
Jack Ng
20 Attenuation of arsenic in Bangladesh sediments 363
Alan H Welch, Kenneth G Stollenwerk, George N Breit, Andrea L Foster, James C
Yount, John W Whitney, M Nehal Uddin, Md Mahmud Alam & Md Samsul Islam
21 Photo-oxidation of arsenic in potable water supplies 379
Maree Emett & Myint Zaw
22 Removal of arsenic from water by adsorption process 389
Shuzo Tokunaga
23 Arsenic removal from water by mixed oxide coated sand 403
Sudhir Kumar Gupta & Rakesh Chandra Vaishya
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Contents vii
Part H Remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils 417
24 Management of arsenic-contaminated soils 419
Ravi Naidu, Euan Smith, Gary Owens, Peter Nadebaum & Prosun Bhattacharya
25 Biotransformation of arsenic in soil and aquatic environments 433
Nanthi S Bolan, Santiago Mahimairaja, Mallavarapu Megharaj,
Ravi Naidu & Domy C Adriano
26 Electrokinetic remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils and sediments 455
Bruce A Chappell, PS Brass, JR Mewett & ST Hall
Part I Country overviews 467
27 Development and implementation of the UNICEF arsenic mitigation project in
Bangladesh 469
Colin Davis
28 Health risk assessment of arsenic contamination in the South-East Asia region 483
Deoraj Caussy & U Than Sein
29 Extent and severity of arsenic pollution in Vietnam and Cambodia 495
Michael Berg, Walter Giger, Hong Con Tran, Hung Viet Pham, Pham Thi Kim Trang
& Roland Schertenleib
30 Extent and severity of arsenic contamination of groundwater used for
drinking-water in the US 511
Sarah J Ryker
31 Extent and severity of arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh 525
Kazi Matin Ahmed, SM Imamul Huq & Ravi Naidu
32 Extent and severity of arsenic poisoning in China 541
Zheng Miao Xie, Yu Min Zhang & Ravi Naidu
33 Groundwater arsenic contamination in India 553
Arun B Mukherjee, Prosun Bhattacharya, Gunnar Jacks, Dhiraj M Banerjee,
AL Ramanathan, Chandan Mahanta, D Chandrashekharam,
Debashis Chatterjee & Ravi Naidu
34 Extent and severity of arsenic occurrence in groundwater of Nepal 595
Nirmal Tandukar, Prosun Bhattacharya, Amar Neku & Arun B Mukherjee
35 Extent and severity of arsenic contamination in New Zealand 605
Ronald G McLaren
36 Extent and severity of arsenic poisoning in Thailand 615
Duangporn Kantachote, Surapon Arrykul, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, Pitsanu
Bunnaul & Ravi Naidu
37 Arsenic in the Australian environment 627
Euan Smith, Gary Owens & Ravi Naidu
Part J Conclusion 639
38 Managing arsenic in the Asia–Pacifi c region 641
Ravi Naidu, Euan Smith, Gary Owens, Prosun Bhattacharya & Peter Nadebaum
Index 646
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Editors and contributors
Editor-in-chief
Ravi Naidu Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of
South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Associate editors
Euan Smith Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of
South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Gary Owens Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of
South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Prosun Bhattacharya KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Depart-
ment of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH),
Stockholm, Sweden
Peter Nadebaum GHD Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
Contributors
DC Adriano Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina, US
Sad Ahamed International Development Enterprises, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Kazi Matin Ahmed Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Kazi Farzana Akter Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, Univer-
sity of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Md Mahmud Alam Geological Survey of Bangladesh
Surapon Arrykul Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineer-
ing, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
Dhiraj M Banerjee Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
Michael Berg Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Dueben-
dorf, Switzerland
Nanthi Bolan Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New
Zealand
PS Brass School of Science and Engineering, University of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
George NBreit US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA
Sandra Broms Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Kungliga Tekniska
Högskolan, Stockholm, Sweden
Pitsanu Bunnaul Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineer-
ing, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
William Burgess Department of Earth Sciences, University College, London, UK
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Editors and contributors ix
Bruce Caldwell National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian
National University, Canberra, Australia
Deoraj Caussy WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
José A Centeno Department of Environmental and Toxicologic Pathology, Division of
Biophysical Toxicology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC, USA
Dipankar Chakraborti School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata,
India
D Chandrashekharam Department of Earth Sciences/Head, Centre of Studies in Resources
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
BA Chappell School of Science and Engineering, University of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
Debashis Chatterjee Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741 235, West
Bengal, India
Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla
University, Hat Yai, Thailand
Uttam Kumar Chowdhury School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata,
India
Ray Correll CSIRO Division of Mathematical and Information Science, Urrbrae, Australia
Bhaskar Das School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
Colin Davis Water and Environmental Sanitation Section, UNICEF, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Keith Dear National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National
University, Canberra, Australia
Maree Emett Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Menai, NSW,
Australia
Walter J Fitz Institute of Soil Science, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU,
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Johan Fogelström Associate Professor, Department of Land and Water Resources Engineer-
ing, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
Andrea L Foster US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA
Walter Giger Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Dueben-
dorf, Switzerland
Markus Gräfe Environmental Soil Chemistry Group, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences,
University of Delaware, Newark, USA
Sudhir Kumar Gupta Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology, Mumbai, India
ST Hall School of Science and Engineering, University of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
M Aziz Hasan Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Jacqui Horswell Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Kenepuru Science Centre,
Porirua, New Zealand
Md Amir Hossain School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
PBHostetler Department of Chemistry, Division of Life and Environmental Sciences, Mac-
quarie University, Sydney, Australia
SM Imamul Huq Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka,
Bangladesh
Md Samsul Islam Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Segunbagicha, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Gunnar Jacks KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of
Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm,
Sweden
Jerzy Jankowski UNSW Groundwater Group, School of Biological, Earth and Environmen-
tal Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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