Malek Abu Al-Failat

86 Pages·2013·1.99 MB·English

Faculty of Graduate Studies
Master Program of Water and Environmental Sciences
MSc. Thesis
“Pretreatment Options for Wastewater from Stone Cutting
Industry in Hebron District”
“ليلخلا ةقطنم يف رجحلا ريشبنم نم ةجربخلا ةلئبسلا تبيبفنلل ةيلولأا ةجلبعملا تاربيخ”

Master’s Thesis Submitted By
Malek Abu Al-Failat
1095214
Supervised By
Dr.-Eng. Rashed Al-Sa’ed

May 2013
I
بيلعلا تبسارذلا ةيلك
ةئيبلاو هبيملا مولع ريتسجبم جمبنرب
ريتسجبم ةلبسر
“ليلخلا ةقطنم يف رجحلا ريشبنم نم ةجربخلا ةلئبسلا تبيبفنلل ةيلولأا ةجلبعملا تاربيخ”

نم ريتسجبملا ةلبسر ثمذق
تلايفلا وبأ كلبم
1095214
فارشإب
ذعبسلا ذشار .م .د

3102 راَأ

II
Faculty of Graduate Studies
Master Program of Water and Environmental Sciences
MSc. Thesis
“Pretreatment Options for Wastewater from Stone Cutting
Industry in Hebron District”

Master’s Thesis Submitted By
Malek Abu Al-Failat
1095214

Supervised By
Dr.-Eng. Rashed Al-Sa’ed

This thesis was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s
Degree in Water and Environmental Sciences from the Faculty of Graduate Studies,
Birzeit University, Palestine
May 2013
III

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................... VIII
IX.......................................................................................................................................................... :ةصلاخلا
Dedications ............................................................................................................................................... X
Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................... XI
List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... XII
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... XIV
List of Maps ............................................................................................................................................ XIV
List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... XV
Chapter One .................................................................................................................................................. 1
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Major Goal and Specific Objectives .................................................................................................. 3
1.2.1 Main Goal ...................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Expected Results ............................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Research Approaches ........................................................................................................................ 4
1.5 Thesis Body ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter Two .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Stone Cutting Industry in Hebron ................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Industry Profile .................................................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Environmental Impact of Stone Cutting............................................................................................ 6
2.3 Stone quarrying ............................................................................................................................... 10
2.4 Hebron Stream ................................................................................................................................ 11
2.5 Existing Facilities onsite .................................................................................................................. 12
2.5.1 CH2MHILL Investment ................................................................................................................ 12
2.5.2 Hagar Project............................................................................................................................... 13
2.5.3 USAID Emergency Project ........................................................................................................... 14
Chapter Three ............................................................................................................................................. 17
Literature review ......................................................................................................................................... 17
3.1 Coagulation and Flocculation .......................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Applications of Coagulation ............................................................................................................ 18
V
3.3 Properties of Colloidal Systems ...................................................................................................... 19
3.4 Influencing Factors .......................................................................................................................... 21
3.5 Coagulants ....................................................................................................................................... 24
3.6 Coagulation Control ........................................................................................................................ 24
3.7 Lab jar test ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Chapter Four ............................................................................................................................................... 28
Material and Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 28
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 28
4.2 Data collection ................................................................................................................................ 28
4.3 Lab Work ......................................................................................................................................... 29
4.4 Software Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 34
4.5 GIS map ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Chapter Five ................................................................................................................................................ 35
Results and Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 35
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 35
5.2 Polymer Coagulant Effect................................................................................................................ 35
5.3 Ferric Chloride Coagulant Effect ..................................................................................................... 39
5.4 Pollution study tours in the industrial zone .................................................................................... 42
Chapter Six .................................................................................................................................................. 52
Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 52
6.1 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 52
6.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 52
References .................................................................................................................................................. 54
Appendices ..................................................................................................................................................... I
Appendix 1: Survey Questionnaires ............................................................................................................... I
Appendix 2: 140 Coordinates for Stone cutting firms in Hebron ................................................................ IV
Appendix 3:Effect of Electro-Polymer on Both TSS and Turbidity (Dose Dependent)............................... VIII
Appendix 4: Effect of Electro-Polymer on Both TSS and Turbidity (Waiting Time Dependent) at 0.3 mg/LIX
Appendix 5: Effect of Electro-Polymer on Both TSS and Turbidity (Waiting Time Dependent) at 0.5 mg/L X
Appendix 6: Effect of Electro-Polymer on Both TSS and Turbidity (Waiting Time Dependent) at 0.7 mg/LXI
Appendix 7: Effect of Ferrus-Chloride on Both TSS and Turbidity (Dose Dependent)................................ XII
Appendix 8: Effect of Ferrus-Chloride on Both TSS and Turbidity (Waiting Time Dependent) at 5 mg/L . XIII
VI
Appendix 9: Effect of Ferrus-Chloride on Both TSS and Turbidity (Waiting Time Dependent) at 10 mg/LXIV
Appendix 10: Effect of Ferrus-Chloride on Both TSS and Turbidity (Waiting Time Dependent) at 1 mg/L XV

VII
ABSTRACT

The Hebron stream has been suffering for over three decades from a variety of domestic,
agricultural and industrial pollution sources together with development pressures in the
city of Hebron and illegal Israeli settlement “Kiryat Arba” in the open spaces that surround
the stream.
The stream entails discharges from 172 stone cutting firms in total, 145 only covered by
this study concerning the consumption and discharge of an amount 1252 m3/day into the
stream with more than 2000 mg/L of TSS and more than 10000 NTU of turbidity, and that
was reflected into GIS maps describe the daily consumption and discharge, type of
treatment, and how the wastewater discharged.
The study also covers the current situation of treatment units in industrial zone of Hebron
and it concludes that the decentralized treatment system is the better and more affordable
than the centralized system.
In this study an investigation done to check the technical feasibility of using two types of
coagulants (Polymer, and Ferric) using lab jar test to investigate their effects on both TSS
and turbidity under certain rotation, waiting time for each sample.
It was found that the best coagulant to be used is the Electro-Polymer with a concentration
of 0.5 mg/L at 120 RPM for 1 min and waiting time 12 minutes.
It was recommended to implement a full-scale decentralized treatment project that includes
all the stone cutting firms in Hebron industrial area is required before building and
developing a municipal treatment plant on the stream, and benefit from the solid cake that
discharge after the treatment into local industries.
VIII
:ةصلاخلا
ابُج تُػاُصناو تُػارشناو تُنشًُنا دىهخنا رداصي ٍي تػىُخي تػىًجي ٍي دىقػ ترلار ٍي ززكأ ذُي مُهخنا ٌداو تقطُي ٍَاؼح
ثاداسًنا ٍف "غبرأ ثاَزك" ًًسح تُػزش زُغ تُهُئازسإ تُطىخسًىنإتفاضإ مُهخنا تَُذي ٍف تًُُخنا طىغض غي بُج ًنإ
.ٌداىنا اذهب ظُذح ٍخنا تدىخفًنا
ِاًُهن ٍيىُنا كلاهخسلاا تسارذن اهُي غُصي 041 خسي ىح ،زجد غطق ةأشُي 073 ـن تهئاس ثافهخي مُهخنا ٌداو ٍف حزطَ
شُكزخب غَاصًنا ِذه ٍي ٍيىَ مكشب حزطَ بؼكي زخي 0313 ٌا خسًنا تُهًػ ذؼب ٍُبحو اهُي سزخح ٍخنا تيداؼنا ِاًُنا تًُكو
يذي ٍُبح ظئازخ للاخ ٍي ثادىسًنا تًجزح ىحو ،NTU 01111 سواجخح ةرىكػو زخن/ىغهي 3111 سواجخَ تقناػ داىي
.تيداؼنا ِاًُهن فَزصخنا تُفُكو تجناؼًنا تُفُك و ٍيىُنا كلاهخسلاا
تجناؼًنا ىظَ ٌا ًنا تسارذنا جصهخو تُػاُصنا تقطًُنا ٍف ةدىجىًنا تجناؼًنا ثاذدىن ٍناذنا غضىنا تسارذنا ِذه جطغ
.تَشكزًنا تجناؼًنا ىظَ ٍي تُناًناو تُُفنا تُداُنا ٍي غجَاو مضفأ ٍه تَشكزيلانا
ذذبن "ةزجنا" تُُقح واذخخساب ٍرلازنا ذَذذنا ذَرىهكو ثازًُنىبنا ثاززخي واذخخسلا تُُفنا تَُاكيلاا صذف ىح تسارذنا ِذه ٍف
.ٌارود ٍيسو راظخَا ٍيس و ةدذذي ٌارود تػزس ًهػ ءاُب تقناؼنا داىًنا شُكزحو ةرىكؼنا ٍي مك ًهػ ثاززخًنا زُرأح
ٌارود ٍيسو زخن/ىغهي 1.1 شُكزخب "ذَلاكىفناب" ًًسَ اي وا زًُنىبنا ىه ٍكًي ززخي مضفا ٌأ ٍُبح ٌزبخًنا مًؼنا للاخ ٍي
.تقُقد 03 راظخَا ٍيسو تقُقد مكن تفن 031 ًهػ تقُقد 0
ٍذص فزص عوزشي ٍف ءذبنا مبق تقطًُنا ٍف زجذنا غَاصي تفاك بػىخسَ ٌشكزي لا تجناؼي عوزشي مًؼب تسارذنا ٍصىح
.يزخأ تُُُطسهف ثاػاُص ٍف تػاُصنا ِذه ثافهخي ٍي ةدافخسلااو ،ٍنشُي

IX
Dedications
I Dedicate this it to my Parents, Mr. Zuhdi Abualfailat and Mrs. Ibtisam Abualfailat
I really want to dedicate this work to wonderful Wife Hiba for Her support and
encouragement.
I finally dedicate this work to all who suffer from stone cutting wastewater in
Hebron District,

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