Table Of ContentTHECLAYSANSKRITLIBRARY
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RICHARDGOMBRICH
EDITEDBY
ISABELLEONIANS
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Copyright(cid:2)c 2005bytheCSL.
Allrightsreserved.
FirstEdition2005
TheClaySanskritLibraryisco-publishedby
NewYorkUniversityPress
andtheJJCFoundation.
Furtherinformationaboutthisvolume
andtherestoftheClaySanskritLibrary
isavailableonthefollowingwebsites:
www.claysanskritlibrary.com
www.nyupress.org.
ISBN0-8147-5706-5
ArtworkbyRobertBeer.
TypesetinAdobeGaramondat10.25:12.3+pt.
PrintedinGreatBritainbyStEdmundsburyPressLtd,
BuryStEdmunds,Suffolk,onacid-freepaper.
BoundbyHunter&Foulis,Edinburgh,Scotland.
Maha¯bha¯rata
Book Nine
S´alya
Volume One
TRANSLATEDBY
JUSTIN MEILAND
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
JJC FOUNDATION
2005
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Maha¯bha¯rata.S´alyaparvan.Adhya¯ya1–29.
English&Sanskrit.
Mahabharata.Book9,“S´alya.”Vol.1
editedandtranslatedbyJustinMeiland.
p.cm.–(TheClaySanskritlibrary)
InEnglishwithSanskritparalleltext;
includestranslationfromSanskrit.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-8147-5706-5(cloth:alk.paper)
I.Meiland,J.,
II.Title.III.Series.
Contents
Sanskritalphabeticalorder 7
CSLconventions 7
MAHA·BHA´RATAIX–SHALYA
Introduction 12
1–2 Dhrita·rashtraGrieves 27
3–5 SurrenderRejected 53
6–7 TheNewGeneral 85
8–10 TheBattleResumes 101
11–17 Shalya’sDeath 131
18–29 TheKa´uravasDestroyed 211
Notes 341
ProperNamesandEpithets 349
Index 359
Asandhigridisprintedontheinsideofthebackcover
cslconventions
sanskritalphabeticalorder
Vowels: aa¯i¯ıuu¯.r.¯r.l.¯leaioaum. h.
Gutturals: kkhgghn˙
Palatals: cchjjhn˜
Retroflex: .t.thd. d.hn.
Labials: pphbbhm
Semivowels: yrlv
Spirants: ´s.ssh
guidetosanskritpronunciation
a but nouncedtaihi
a¯,aˆ rather k luck
i sit kh blockhead
¯ı,ˆı fee g go
u put gh bighead
u¯,uˆ boo n˙ anger
.r vocalicr,Americanpurdy c chill
orEnglishpretty ch matchhead
.¯r lengthened.r j jog
.l vocalicl,able jh aspiratedj,hedgehog
e,ˆe,¯e made,esp.inWelshpro- n˜ canyon
nunciation .t retroflex t, try (with the
ai bite tip of tongue turned up
o,oˆ,o¯rope,esp.Welshpronun- totouchthehardpalate)
ciation;Italiansolo .th sameastheprecedingbut
au sound aspirated
m. anusva¯ranasalizesthepre- d. retroflex d (with the tip
cedingvowel of tongue turned up to
h. visarga,avoicelessaspira- touchthehardpalate)
tion(resemblingEnglish d.h sameastheprecedingbut
h),orlikeScottishloch,or aspirated
anaspirationwithafaint n. retroflex n (with the tip
echoingofthepreceding of tongue turned up to
vowelsothattaih. ispro- touchthehardpalate)
7
maha·bha´rataix–shalya
t Frenchtout r trilled,resemblingtheIta-
th tenthook lianpronunciationofr
d dinner l linger
dh guildhall
v word
n now
´s shore
p pill
.s retroflexsh(withthetip
ph upheaval
ofthetongueturnedup
b before
bh abhorrent totouchthehardpalate)
m mind s hiss
y yes h hood
cslpunctuationofenglish
TheacuteaccentonSanskritwordswhentheyoccuroutsideofthe
Sanskrittextitself,marksstress,e.g.Rama´yana.Itisnotpartoftra-
ditionalSanskritorthography,transliterationortranscription,butwe
supplyitheretoguidereadersinthepronunciationoftheseunfamiliar
words.SincenoSanskritwordisaccentedonthelastsyllableitisnot
necessarytoaccentdisyllables,e.g.Rama.
ThesecondCSLinnovationdesignedtoassistthereaderinthepro-
nunciationoflengthyunfamiliarwordsistoinsertanunobtrusivemid-
dledotbetweensemanticwordbreaksincompoundnames(provided
thewordbreakdoesnotfallonavowelresultingfromthefusionof
twovowels),e.g.Maha·bha´rata,butRama´yana(notRama·a´yana).Our
dotechoesthepunctuatingmiddledot(·)foundintheoldestsurviving
formsofwrittenSanskrit,theAshokaninscriptionsofthethirdcentury
bce.
ThedeeplayeringofSanskritnarrativehasalsodictatedthatweuse
quotationmarksonlytoannouncethebeginningandendofeverydirect
speech,andnotatthebeginningofeveryparagraph.
cslpunctuationofsanskrit
TheSanskrittextisalsopunctuated,inaccordancewiththepunc-
tuationoftheEnglishtranslation.Inmid-verse,thepunctuationwill
notalterthesandhiorthescansion.Propernamesarecapitalized.Most
8
cslconventions
Sanskrit metres have four “feet” (pa¯da): where possible we print the
common´slokametreontwolines.IntheSanskrittext,weuseFrench
Guillemets(e.g.«kvasam.cic¯ır.suh.?»)insteadofEnglishquotationmarks
(e.g.“Whereareyouoffto?”)toavoidconfusionwiththeapostrophes
usedforvowelelisioninsandhi.
Sanskritpresentsthelearnerwithachallenge:sandhi(“euphoniccom-
bination”).Sandhimeansthatwhentwowordsarejoinedinconnected
speechorwriting(whichinSanskritreflectsspeech),thelastletter(or
evenletters)ofthefirstwordoftenchanges;comparethewaywepro-
nounce“the”in“thebeginning”and“theend.”
InSanskritthefirstletterofthesecondwordmayalsochange;andif
boththelastletterofthefirstwordandthefirstletterofthesecondare
vowels,theymayfuse.ThishasaparallelinEnglish:anasalconsonantis
insertedbetweentwovowelsthatwouldotherwisecoalesce:“apear”and
“anapple.”Sanskritvowelfusionmayproduceambiguity.Thechartat
thebackofeachbookgivesthefullsandhisystem.
Fortunatelyitisnotnecessarytoknowthesechangesinordertostart
readingSanskrit.Forthat,whatisimportantistoknowtheformofthe
secondwordwithoutsandhi(pre-sandhi),sothatitcanberecognized
orlookedupinadictionary.ThereforeweareprintingSanskritwitha
systemofpunctuationthatwillindicate,unambiguously,theoriginal
formofthesecondword,i.e.,theformwithoutsandhi.Suchsandhi
mostlyconcernsthefusionoftwovowels.
InSanskrit,vowelsmaybeshortorlongandarewrittendifferently
accordingly. We follow the general convention that a vowel with no
markaboveitisshort.Otherbooksmarkalongvoweleitherwitha
barcalledamacron(a¯)orwithacircumflex(aˆ).Oursystemusesthe
macron, except that for initial vowels in sandhi we use a circumflex
toindicatethatoriginallythevowelwasshort,ortheshorteroftwo
possibilities(eratherthanai,oratherthanau).
Whenweprintinitialaˆ,beforesandhithatvowelwasa
ˆıorˆe, i
uˆoroˆ, u
aˆi, e
aˆu, o
a¯, a¯(i.e.,thesame)
9
Description:The Book of Shalya recounts in gory detail the final destruction of the K?urava army and the defeat of its leader, Dur·y?dhana. In this first volume heroic duels and martial speeches abound as Shalya, the king of the Madras, is made general of the K?urava army, only to be slaughtered in his turn.Th