Table Of ContentTEACHER S EDITION
PRENTICE HALL
William A. McClenaghan
Professor Emeritus, Oregon State University
Boston, Massachusetts Chandler, Arizona Glenview, Illinois Upper Saddle River, New Jersery
MAG09te_FM_Title.indd T1 12/9/08 4:08:21 PM
T is work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of teachers and administrators in
teaching courses and assessing student learning in their classes and schools. Dissemination or sale o any part o this work
(including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity o the work and is not permitted.
Acknowledgments appear on pages 861 864, which constitute an extension o this copyright page.
Copyright 2009 by Mary Magruder Smith. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States o America. T is publication is
protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained rom the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in
a retrieval system, or transmission in any orm or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise.
For inormation regarding permission(s), write to Pearson Curriculum Rights and Permissions Department, One Lake Street,
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.
Pearson is a trademark, in the U.S. and/or in other countries, o Pearson plc or its af liates.
Prentice Hall is a trademark, in the U.S. and/or in other countries, o Pearson Education, Inc., or its af liates.
ISBN 13: 978-0-13-365632-9
ISBN 10: 0-13-365632-2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 13 12 11 10 09
Revised yearly by William A. McClenaghan,
Professor Emeritus, Oregon State University
Magruders American Government, f rst published in 1917 and
revised annually, is an enduring symbol o the authors aith in
American ideals and American institutions. T e li e o Frank Abbott
Magruder (1882 1949) was an outstanding example o Americanism
at its very best. His career as a teacher, author, and tireless worker in
civic and religious undertakings remains an inspiring memory to all
who knew him.
Grant Wiggins, Program Consultant
Grant Wiggins is the President o Authentic Education in Hopewell, New Jersey. He earned his Ed.D.
rom Harvard University and his B.A. rom St. Johns College in Annapolis. Grant consults with
schools, districts, and state education departments on a variety o re orm matters; organizes con er-
ences and workshops; and develops print materials and Web resources on curricular change. He
is the co-author, with Jay Mc ighe, o Understanding By Design and T e Understanding By Design
Handbook, the award-winning and highly success ul materials on curriculum published by ASCD.
His work has been supported by the Pew Charitable rusts, the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, and
the National Science Foundation.
Over the past twenty years, Wiggins has worked on some o the most in uential re orm ini-
tiatives in the country, including Vermonts port olio system and ed Sizers Coalition o Essential
Schools. He has established statewide Consortia devoted to assessment re orm or the states o North
Carolina and New Jersey. Grant is the author o Educative Assessment and Assessing Student Perfor-
mance, both published by Jossey-Bass. His many articles have appeared in such journals as Educa-
tional Leadership and Phi Delta Kappan.
iii
Academic Consultants Teacher Reviewers Cathy McCaffrey
Bolingbrook High School
George C. Edwards, II C. Patrick Collins Bolingbrook, Illinois
Department of Political Science Belen Jesuit Preparatory School
Texas A&M University Miami, Florida Juan Price
College Station, Texas West Seattle High School
Susan W. Constantinides Seattle, Washington
Peter Woll York High School
Department of Politics Yorktown, Virginia Melissa Richards
Brandeis University Hobbs Municipal Schools
Waltham, Massachusetts Kathy DeForge Hobbs, New Mexico
Marcellus Central Schools
Daniel M. Shea Marcellus, New York Greg Snoad
Department of Political Science Mauldin High School
Allegheny College Gary Ford Mauldin, South Carolina
Mt. Lebanon High School
Meadville, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ELL/ESL Consultant
Michele Swers
Todd Gibson
Department of Government Joe Berkowitz
Muncie Central High School
Georgetown University John Ferguson High School
Muncie, Indiana
Washington, D.C. Miami, Florida
Judy Givens
Smoky Hill High School Program Advisor
Denver, Colorado
Michal Howden
Van Hadley Social Studies Consultant
Roy High School Zionsville, Indiana
Roy, Utah
iv
Unit 1
1
Foundations of American Government
Essential Question What should be the goals of government?
Go online with Unit 1
Professional Development T1 Find these interactive
resources at
Constitution of the United States C1
1 PearsonSuccessNet.com
Skills Handbook SH1
GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Chapter Principles of Government 2 How Government Works
Checks and Balances
1 Government and the State 4
Is government
Amending the Constitution
necessary? 2 Forms of Government 18
Louisiana Becomes a State
Citizenship 101: Volunteering 19
3 Basic Concepts of Democracy 20
2
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 25
Chapter Origins of American Government 28 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Government on the Go
1 Our Political Beginnings 30 Political Dictionary
How does the Constitution
re ect the times in which it Issues of Our Time: Adopting a Constitution 35 Audio Review
was written? 2 The Coming of Independence 36 Downloadable
Declaration of Independence 43 Interactivities
3 The Critical Period 48
4 Creating the Constitution 52
5 Ratifying the Constitution 59
3 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 63
WebQuest
Explore Essential
Chapter The Constitution 66
Questions online
1 The Six Basic Principles 68
How has the Constitution
lasted through changing Landmark Decisions: Marbury v. Madison, 1803 76
times? 2 Formal Amendment 78
Citizenship 101: Identifying Political Roots and Attitudes 84
3 Constitutional Change by Other Means 85 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
4 Quick Study Guide and Assessment 89 Government Online
Interactivities
Chapter Federalism 92
In the News
Citizenship Activity
1 Federalism: The Division of Power 94
Pack
Is the federal system the best 2 The National Government and the 50 States 103
Online Self-Test
way to govern the United
Issues of Our Time: The Environment and States Rights 110
States? Audio Tours
3 Interstate Relations 111
Updates
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 115
Documents
Contents v
Unit 2
119
Political Behavior: Government By the People
Essential Question In what ways should people participate in public affairs?
5
Go online with Unit 2
Find these interactive
Chapter Political Parties 120 resources at
PearsonSuccessNet.com
1 The Two-Party System and What They Do 123
Does the two-party system
help or harm democracy? 2 The Two-Party System in American History 130 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
3 The Minor Parties 137 How Government Works
Citizenship 101: Working On a Political Campaign 141
Minor Parties in History
4 Party Organization 142
6 Five Methods of
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 147
Nomination
What Happens to a Ballot
Chapter Voters and Voter Behavior 150 Grass-roots Organizing
1 The Right to Vote 152
Why do voters act as they 2 Voter Qualif cations 156 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
do?
3 Su rage and Civil Rights 164 Government on the Go
Citizenship 101: Casting Your Vote 169
Political Dictionary
4 Voter Behavior 170 Audio Review
7 Quick Study Guide and Assessment 179 Downloadable
Interactivities
Chapter The Electoral Process 182
1 The Nominating Process 184
How fair and effective is the
electoral process? 2 Elections 193 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Issues of Our Time: Campaign Finance 200 WebQuest
3 Money and Elections 201
8 Explore Essential
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 209
Questions online
Chapter Mass Media and Public Opinion 212
What is the place of the 1 The Formation o Public Opinion 214
media and public opinion in a 2 Measuring Public Opinion 220
democracy? Citizenship 101: Conducting a Poll 227 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
3 The Mass Media 228 Government Online
9
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 237
Interactivities
In the News
Chapter Interest Groups 240
Citizenship Activity
Pack
To what extent do interest 1 The Nature o Interest Groups 242
groups advance or harm 2 Types o Interest Groups 247 Online Self-Test
democracy? Issues of Our Time: Audio Tours
Updates
Lobbying in the Federal Government 253
Documents
3 Interest Groups at Work 254
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 261
vi Contents
Unit 3
265
The Legislative Branch
Essential Question What makes a successful Congress?
10
Go online with Unit 3
Find these interactive
Chapter Congress 266 resources at
PearsonSuccessNet.com
1 The National Legislature 268
Whose views should Citizenship 101: Writing a Letter to a Public Of cial 272 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
members of Congress 2 The House o Representatives 273 How Government Works
represent when voting? 3 The Senate 281 Gerrymandering: Choosing
4 The Members o Congress 285 Their Voters
11
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 291 The Impeachment Process
Congressional Checks on
the Presidential Treaty-
Chapter Powers of Congress 294
Making Power
1 The Expressed Powers o Money and Commerce 296 How a Bill Becomes a Law
What should be the limits on
the powers of Congress? 2 The Other Expressed Powers 305
GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Landmark Decisions: McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 310
Government on the Go
3 The Implied Powers 312
Political Dictionary
Issues of Our Time: Congressional War Powers 317
Audio Review
4 The Nonlegislative Powers 318
Downloadable
12
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 325
Interactivities
Chapter Congress in Action 328
GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
1 Congress Organizes 330
WebQuest
Can and should the 2 Committees in Congress 338
Explore Essential
lawmaking process be 3 How a Bill Becomes a Law: The House 343
Questions online
improved? Issues of Our Time: Minority Rights 350
4 The Bill in the Senate 351
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 357
GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Government Online
Interactivities
In the News
Citizenship Activity
Pack
Online Self-Test
Audio Tours
Updates
Documents
Contents vii
Unit 4
361
The Executive Branch
Essential Question What makes a good President?
13
Go online with Unit 4
Chapter The Presidency 362 Find these interactive
resources at
PearsonSuccessNet.com
1 The Presidents Job Description 364
Does the current electoral
Citizenship 101: Evaluating Leadership 369
process result in the best GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
2 Presidential Succession and the Vice Presidency 370
candidates for President? How Government Works
3 Presidential Selection: The Framers Plan 374
4 President Nominations 377 Presidential Succession
14 5 The Election 386 The Race to the Presidency
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 395 Con rmation Process
The Executive Branch
Chapter The Presidency in Action 398 The Executive Departments
Regulatory Commissions
1 The Growth o Presidential Powers 400
Creating the Federal Budget
How much power should the Issues of Our Time: Expanding President Powers 404
The State Department
President have? 2 The Presidents Executive Powers 405
Civilian Control of the
Landmark Decisions: United States v. Nixon, 1974 410
Military
3 Diplomatic and Military Powers 412
Department of Homeland
15 4 Legislative and Judicial Powers 417
Security
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 421
GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Chapter Government at Work: The Bureaucracy 424 Government on the Go
Political Dictionary
1 The Federal Bureaucracy 426
Audio Review
Is the bureaucracy essential 2 The Executive Of ce o the President 431
Downloadable
to good government? 3 The Cabinet Departments 435
Interactivities
4 Independent Agencies 441
16 Issues of Our Time: The Size o Government 450
GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 451
WebQuest
Chapter Financing Government 454 Explore Essential
Questions online
1 Taxes and Other Revenue 456
How should the federal 2 Borrowing and the Public Debt 463
budget re ect Americans 3 Spending and the Budget 467
priorities? Citizenship 101: Analyzing Television News Programs 472 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
17 4 Fiscal and Monetary Policy 473 Government Online
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 477
Interactivities
In the News
Chapter Foreign Policy and National Defense 480
Citizenship Activity
1 Foreign A airs and National Security 482 Pack
How should the United States 2 Other Foreign and Deense Agencies 488 Online Self-Test
interact with other countries? 3 American Foreign Policy Overview 495 Audio Tours
Issues of Our Time: Americas Role in the World 504 Updates
4 Foreign Aide and Alliances 505 Documents
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 513
viii Contents
Unit 5
517
The Judicial Branch
Essential Question What should be the role of the judicial branch?
18
Go online with Unit 5
Chapter The Federal Court System 518 Find these interactive
resources at
PearsonSuccessNet.com
1 The National Judiciary 520
Does the structure of the
federal court system allow Issues of Our Time: Judicial Activism v. Judicial Restraint 527 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
it to effectively administer 2 The Inferior Courts 528 How Government Works
justice? 3 The Supreme Court 532
The Appellate Path in the
4 The Special Courts 538
19 Federal Courts
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 541
How a Case Reaches the
Supreme Court
Chapter Civil Liberties: First Amendment Freedoms 544
The Lemon Test
1 The Unalienable Rights 546 Freedoms of Speech and
How can the judiciary
2 Freedom of Religion 551 Press
balance individual rights with
the common good? 3 Freedom of Speech and Press 559 Exceptions to the
Citizenship 101: Participating in Public Debate 568 Exclusionary Rule
4 Freedom of Assembly and Petition 569 Rights of the Accused
20
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 573
GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Government on the Go
Chapter Civil Liberties: Protecting Individual Rights 576
Political Dictionary
1 Due Process of Law 578 Audio Review
To what extent has the
2 Freedom and Security of the Person 583 Downloadable
judiciary protected the rights
Issues of Our Time: Balancing Security and Liberty 591 Interactivities
of privacy, security, and
personal freedom? 3 Rights of the Accused 592 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Landmark Decisions: Miranda v. Arizona, 1966 600 WebQuest
4 Punishment 602
21 Explore Essential
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 607
Questions online
Chapter Civil Liberties: Equal Justice Under Law 610
Why are there ongoing 1 Diversity and Discrimination in American Society 612 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
2 Equality Before the Law 618 Government Online
struggles for civil rights?
Landmark Decisions: Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 624
Interactivities
3 Federal Civil Rights Laws 626
In the News
Citizenship 101: Writing a Letter to An Editor 631
Citizenship Activity
4 American Citizenship 632 Pack
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 639 Online Self-Test
Audio Tours
Updates
Documents
Contents ix
Unit 6
643
Comparative Political and Economic Systems
Essential Question How should a government meet the needs of its people?
22
Go online with Unit 6
Find these interactive
Chapter Comparative Political Systems 644 resources at
PearsonSuccessNet.com
1 Historical Political Systems 646
How should you measure
different governments? Citizenship 101: Using the Internet As A News Service 652 GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
2 Ideas and Revolutions 653 How Government Works
3 Transitions to Democracy 661 Amending State
4 World Democracies Today 666 Constitutions
23
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 673 Initiative and Referendum
Choosing Executive Of cers
Chapter Comparative Economic Systems 676 Criminal and Civil Law
Municipalities and
1 Capitalism 678 Townships
To what extent should
2 Socialism and Communism 685 Alternate Forms of City
governments participate in
Issues of Our Time: Globalization and Free Trade 692 Government
the economy?
3 The Global Economy 693 State and Local Spending
Quick Study Guide and Assessment 701 State and Local Revenues
GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Government on the Go
Political Dictionary
Audio Review
Downloadable
Interactivities
GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
WebQuest
Explore Essential
Questions online
GMOVAEGRRNUMDEENRTSONLINE
Government Online
Interactivities
In the News
Citizenship Activity
Pack
Online Self-Test
Audio Tours
Updates
Documents
x Contents
