Macadamia Nuts: Economic and Competitive Conditions Affecting

163 Pages·1998·0.66 MB·English

Macadamia Nuts: Economic and Competitive Conditions
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ni noissimmoC edarT lanoitanretnI cimonocE :stuN aimadacaM ,683-233 .oN noitagitsevni detutits
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eht sde ntdaae ttSinU ,eettimmoC eht yb detseuqer sA .stun aimadacam rof stekram dlrow rojam
:noitamrofni gniwollof eht sedulcni noitagitsevni eht no troper s’noissimmoC eht
• A de noitpircs fo eht evititepmoc srotcaf gnitceffa ehtitsemod c
;stropmi morf noititepmoc gnidulcni ,yrtsudni tun aimadacam
• A tauinmada c r ayosmafrpemus n.o Scs.eUc i enrfhopotitpircsed s
moc ,stekram rojam rehto ni sremusnoc yb diap secirp eht htiw derap
noitpircsed a dna edart rehto ro ,sffirat ,satouq hcihw ot eerged eht fo
;secirp hcus tceffa sreirrab
• A d noitp ifrocs ee httnetx eot hsc eiechd iw astdrrcnteaairrprabb y
mi era seirtnuoc gnitepmoc rehto yllacitsemod fo gnitekram eht gnidep
dna ;stun aimadacam decudorp
• noc tnerruc fo sisylana nA neewteb stun aimadacam ni edart fo snoitid
gnitropxe-tun-aimadacam dna setatS detinU eht neewteb dna seirtnuoc
.dlrow eht fo tser eht dna seirtnuoc gnitropxe eht
waH ni deretnec ,yrtsudni tun aimadacam .S.U ehT dniheb recudorp tsegral dnoces s’dlrow eht si ,iia
ah slenrek aimadacam fo noitcudorp .S.U ,2991 ecniS .ailartsuA tnecrep 12 yb ,yltnacifingis nworg s
ni emulov ot 903,6 2cirtem ,snot deulav ta 5.3 4,$noillim ni .7991 ,revewoH eht .S.U erahso f
w esaercni noitcudorp .S.U eohT .tnecrep 63 ot 05 morf doirep eht gnirud denilced noitcudorp dlr
resu detl s0 9y9l 1rds an0 dea8ene9hit1tn asldprah cariomad a gcfnaoimru tem ahoymtrlfn iam ,
gniwollof . s, t7 e9yk 9Brd1al mrd. sonSnewa.ic Uigrn pi d sfoioi rraep seilppus dlrow dna .S.U
were e gnidnapx retsaf naht dnamed dna reworg tekram snoitidno c:detaroireted reworgna d
eirotnevni dlosnu dna ,llef secirp rossecorp tnecer morf desaercni noitcudorp dlrow sa detalumucca s
lartsuA dna .S.U drocer worg ot eunitnoc lliw seilppus mret-regnol dna -raen ,rehtruF .stsevrah nai
ro dlrow gnidnapxe-reve sa nigeb ,aciremA nitaL dna acirfA ,ailartsuA ni ylralucitrap ,saera drahc
.sdrahcro erutam morf seilppus dlrow gnitsixe ot dda dna ,noitcudorp laicremmoc
On the dem dna ,edis .S. Unoitpmu ssndonceped ylegral no remusno csemocni dna.gnidneps
rof dnamed ngieroF ni semocni gninilced yb detceffa ylesrevda neeb sah stcudorp aimadacam .S.U
Asia desuac sdcee iicymtnbole nuigocrncieiefprofxuriedcda meht tsap :raey yltcergiudorht h
c hcus yb stcudorp aimadacam .S.U rof sdnamed tropmi desaerced ,gnoK gnoH dna napaJ sa seirtnuo
.stsiruot naisA dnuob-naiiawaH fo srebmun dehsinimid morf yltceridni dna
.A xidneppa ni lluf ni decudorper si ecnaniF no1 eettimmoC etaneS eht morf tseuqer ehT
i
va dna dnamed tsoob oT eht ecnis ,evah seirtsudni nailartsuA dna .S.U eht ,senilced ecirp erutuf tre
ekram suoitibma nekatrednu ,s0991 ylrae eht fo senilced ecirp dlrow lanoitidart htob ni smargorp gnit
eirtsudni htoB .stekram wen dna aimadacam sa hcus ,stcudorp wen gnitomorp dna gnipoleved era s
gnikooc wonk-ll ehwt iswmr i w yfdeabeftanim o,dyrtsud n.i S ..e sUhdTo okfca nw sed nnl aio n
rb a gnikat si ,seman dnarb htiw ,yrtsudni nailartsuA eht saerehw ,hcaorppa gnitekram detneiro-dna
ekram cireneg a gnikat si ,daorba nwonk llew ssel era taht sdnarb ,hcaorppa rettal ehT .hcaorppa gnit
senerawa remusnoc gnidnapxe yb dnamed erutuf tsoob ot pleh osla yam ,yllareneg saimadacam fo s
.stcudorp .S.U rof
Publ ci eciton fo eht ,noitagit sdeevcnuidorper ni xidneppa ,B saw detsop ni eht eciffO foht e
Secre ,yrat denehihtsil b d,u,nCpnaDotgnih s,anWoissim meod CalraTnoitanre t. nSI.U Federa l
Register ( 62 FR 5845) of October 30, 1997. 2 dol eehr enwoitagitsev ne ihnstognira echi lb uP n
K ni ,8991 ,52 hcraM .CD ,notgnihsaW ni ,8991 ,03 lirpA no dna ,IH ,anoK-aulia 3siht ni gnihtoN
ow noissimmoC eht woh etacidni ot deurtsnoc eb dluohs troper detcudnoc noitagitsevni na ni dnif dlu
.rettam tcejbus ralimis ro emas eht gnirevoc ytirohtua yrotutats rednu
.B xidneppa ni dedulcni si ,noitutitsni fo e2citon s’noissimmoC eht fo ypoc A
.C xidneppa ni dedulcni era sgniraeh eht 3ta deifitset ohw sessentiw fo stsiL
ii
STNETNOC
Page
Abstract
................................................................. i
Abbreviations and acronyms
................................ x
yramm uesvitucexE
............................................... ix
Chapter 1. Introduction
........................................ 1-1
troper eht fo hcaorppa dna esopruP .............................................. 1-2
troper eht fo epocS ........................................................... 1-3
denifed yrtsudnI ........................................................... 1-3
stcudorp yrtsudnI .......................................................... 1-3
spihsnoitaler noitcudorP .................................................... 1-4
emarfemit ydutS ........................................................... 1-6
troper eht fo noitazinagrO ...................................................... 1-6
noitavitluc aimadacam rof 39/2991 ecnis stnempoleved labolG ........................ 1-6
yrtsudni gniworg )naiiawaH( .S.U ehT ......................................... 1-9
yrtsudni gniworg nailartsuA ehT .............................................. 1-11
stnempoleved noitcudorp erutuF .............................................. 1-11
Chapter 2. U.S. industry and market
....................... 2-1
yrtsudni aimadacam .S.U ...................................................... 2-2
tnemnorivne reworg dna ,sreworg fo noitacol dna rebmuN ......................... 2-3
sdrahcro s’iiawaH fo tnecrep 56 :rewerB .C dna iiawaH fo smraFcaM .............. 2-4
sporc evitanretla dna ,sexat ,sesaeL ......................................... 2-5
srossecorp dna srossecorp/reworG ............................................ 2-6
noitaroproC tuN aimadacaM aoL anuaM ..................................... 2-8
iiawaH fo smraFcaM ..................................................... 2-9
detaroprocnI ,tsoH naiiawaH .............................................. 2-10
.cnI ,.oC aimadacaM naiiawaH ............................................. 2-11
ydnaC dna tuN tsaoC anoK dna sdrahcrO ikagimaK ............................ 2-12
evitarepooC ’sremraF cificaP anoK ......................................... 2-13
noitcudorp ni sdnerT .......................................................... 2-14
slenrek fo yrevocer ’srossecorP ............................................... 2-15
rotces gnissecorp .S.U eht yb desu slenrek dna stun aimadacaM ..................... 2-15
stun aimadacam llehs-nI .................................................. 2-15
slenrek waR ............................................................ 2-18
yrtsudni stcudorp tun dna tun aimadacam .S.U eht ni tnemyolpmE ...................... 2-19
iii
–STNETNOC Continued
Page
Chapter 2. U.S. industry and market– Continued
snoitarepo gniworG ........................................................ 2-18
snoitarepo gnissecorP ...................................................... 2-19
secirp .S.U .................................................................. 2-21
secirp mraF ............................................................... 2-21
noitanimreted ecirP ...................................................... 2-21
sdnert dna slevel ecirP .................................................... 2-22
secirp elaselohW ............................................................. 2-23
noitanimreted ecirP ........................................................ 2-23
sdnert dna slevel ecirP ...................................................... 2-23
noitcudorp dna secirp mraf neewteb pihsnoitaleR ................................ 2-24
srossecorp dna sreworg .S.U fo ecneirepxe laicnaniF ................................ 2-25
sreworG ................................................................. 2-25
sreworg detailiffA ......................................................... 2-28
srossecorp .S.U ........................................................... 2-29
srossecorp .S.U fo tnemtsevni tneceR .......................................... 2-30
tekram .S.U ................................................................. 2-31
seirotnevnI ............................................................... 2-33
sreworG ............................................................... 2-33
srossecorP ............................................................. 2-33
sretropmI .............................................................. 2-34
slennahc gnitekraM ........................................................ 2-34
stun aimadacam ni edarT ...................................................... 2-35
stcudorp tun dna stun aimadacam fo stropmi .S.U ................................ 2-35
stcudorp tun dna stun aimadacam fo stropxe .S.U ................................ 2-38
snoitcirtser tropmI ............................................................ 2-42
tnemtaert ffiraT ........................................................... 2-42
snoitcirtser yratinasotyhP .................................................... 2-42
snoitcirtser noitartsinimdA gurD dna dooF ...................................... 2-42
wal gnilebal iiawaH ........................................................ 2-43
smargorp tnemnrevoG ......................................................... 2-43
aimadacam liater rof dnamed dna stsiruot dnuob-iiawaH ni sdnerT
stcudorp ................................................................. 2-44
,sreworg gnoma egnahcretnI :noitaicossA tuN aimadacaM iiawaH ehT
stnemnrevog dna ,sremusnoc ,srossecorp ..................................... 2-46
spihsrentrap dna spihsrebmeM ............................................... 2-46
seitivitca ANMH detegduB .................................................. 2-47
margorp tnemssessa yratnuloV ............................................... 2-48
vi
–STNETNOC Continued
Page
Chapter 3. Australian industry and market
......... 3-1
yrtsudni nailartsuA ........................................................... 3-1
sreworg fo noitacol dna rebmuN .............................................. 3-2
srossecorp dna srossecorp/reworG ............................................ 3-3
srossecorp nailartsuA ......................................................... 3-5
.dtL ,.oC gnissecorP aimadacaM .............................................. 3-5
puorG ralusnineP eht/.dtL .ytP smraFcaM nailartsuA ............................. 3-6
.dtL .ytP ailartsuA fo snoitatnalP aimadacaM .................................... 3-8
.dtL )ailartsuA( saimadacaM dloG tsaocnuS .................................... 3-9
.dtL .ytP sesirpretnE lanoitanretnI camirgA ..................................... 3-11
snoitatnalP cificaP ......................................................... 3-12
noitcudorp ni sdnerT .......................................................... 3-12
tekram nailartsuA ehT ......................................................... 3-14
noitpmusnoc ni sdnerT ...................................................... 3-14
stroffe dna noitomorp gnitekraM ............................................. 3-15
stcudorp tun dna stun aimadacam fo stropmi nailartsuA .............................. 3-17
stropmi ni sdnerT .......................................................... 3-17
tnemtaert ffiraT ........................................................... 3-17
stcudorp tun dna stun aimadacam fo stropxe nailartsuA ........................... 3-17
,stnemnrevog ,srossecorp ,sreworg gnoma snoitaleR :snoitutitsni yrtsudnI
sremusnoc dna .......................................................... 3-18
yteicoS aimadacaM nailartsuA ehT ............................................ 3-18
pihsrebmem SMA gnimrofni dna noitanidrooC ................................ 3-19
noitomorp aimadacam cireneg dna noitaroproC larutlucitroH nailartsuA ............ 3-20
CDRH eht hguorht tnempoleved dna hcraeser gnitcudnoc dna gnidnuF ............. 3-21
yevruS eudiseR lanoitaN eht ni noitapicitrap gnidnuF ........................... 3-22
smargorp tnemnrevog rehtO .................................................... 3-23
Chapter 4. Major foreign suppliers outside
Australia
......................................................... 4-1
ayneK ...................................................................... 4-2
acirfA htuoS ................................................................ 4-5
iwalaM ..................................................................... 4-7
alametauG .................................................................. 4-9
aciR atsoC .................................................................. 4-10
lizarB ...................................................................... 4-12
v
–STNETNOC Continued
Page
Chapter 5. Major foreign consumers
.................... 5-1
Japan ...................................................................... 5-2
stcudorp tun dna stun aimadacam fo stropmi esenapaJ ............................ 5-2
ailartsuA rof sniaG :tekram tropmi aimadacam esenapaJ gniwols A
esnepxe .S.U ta ayneK dna ................................................ 5-2
s’napaJ fo kooltuo eht dna snoitidnoc cimonoce esenapaJ tnerruC
stropmi aimadacam ...................................................... 5-8
noitubirtsid fo slennahC ..................................................... 5-9
sreilppus stropmI ........................................................ 5-10
tnemtaert ffiraT ......................................................... 5-10
stcudorp tun dna stun aimadacam fo stropmi gnoK gnoH/esenihC ................... 5-10
stcudorp tun dna stun aimadacam fo stropmi noinU naeporuE ...................... 5-12
seirtnuoc gnimusnoc rojam ni secirp remusnoc liateR ................................ 5-13
Chapter 6. Analysis of competitive factors
.......... 6-1
snoitidnoc tekram aimadacam tnerruc gnitceffa srotcaF .............................. 6-2
noitcudorp gnisaercnI ....................................................... 6-2
aisA ni stnevE ............................................................ 6-4
.ailartsuA dna iiawaH ni msiruot gnisaerceD .................................. 6-4
yllacimonoce yb stcudorp aimadacam fo stropmi desaerceD
snoitan naisA delbuort ................................................. 6-5
8991-ylrae/7991-etal ni eracs ulf nekcihc naisA ehT ............................ 6-6
sesahcrup lenrek aimadacam )namreG( naeporuE ni nwodwolS ..................... 6-6
dna setatS detinU :seirtsudni tsegral owt s’dlrow eht fo nosirapmoC
ailartsuA .............................................................. 6-7
eliforp evitarapmoc A :snoitarepo gniworg nailartsuA dna .S.U ehT .................. 6-7
srossecorp/reworg dna srossecorp nailartsuA dna .S.U ............................ 6-9
noitargetni lacitreV ...................................................... 6-9
ezis rossecorP .......................................................... 6-10
tnemyolpme rossecorP ................................................... 6-10
setamitse ecirp mraf nevekaerB ............................................ 6-11
gnitekram liateR .sv kluB ................................................. 6-12
srossecorp fo stekram rojaM ............................................... 6-14
liater ,gnitekram citsemoD .............................................. 6-14
klub ,gnitekram citsemoD .............................................. 6-14
liater dna kluB :stekram tropxE ............................................ 6-14
seirtnuoc reilppus rehto gnicaf snoitidnoc evititepmoC ............................... 6-15
iwalaM dna ,acirfA htuoS ,ayneK ............................................. 6-15
lizarB dna ,alametauG ,aciR atsoC ............................................ 6-16
stekram noitpmusnoc rojam ni snoitidnoc evititepmoC ............................... 6-17
iv
–STNETNOC Continued
Page
Chapter 6. Analysis of competitive
factors– Continued
Japan ................................................................... 6-17
gnoK gnoH/anihC ......................................................... 6-18
noinU naeporuE ........................................................... 6-18
stcudorp aimadacam no sreirrab edart dna sffirat fo stceffe edarT ...................... 6-18
ailartsuA dna setatS detinU .................................................. 6-18
seirtnuoc naciremA nitaL dna nacirfA .......................................... 6-19
stekram noitpmusnoc naeporuE dna naisA tnatropmI ............................. 6-19
a dna secirp aimadacam .S.U ni sdnerT :stcudorp aimadacam fo secirP
nosirapmoc liater ngierof/.S.U ................................................ 6-20
setar egnahcxE .............................................................. 6-21
setar egnahcxe laer fo eloR .................................................. 6-22
evitaler seicnerruc recudorp aimadacam fo setar egnahcxe laeR
rallod .S.U eht ot ........................................................ 6-22
evitaler seicnerruc remusnoc aimadacam fo setar egnahcxe laeR
rallod .S.U eht ot ........................................................ 6-24
aera detnalp dna secirp mraf .S.U neewteb spihsnoitaler cirtemonocE ................... 6-25
sexidneppA
.A ecnaniF no eettimmoC etaneS .S.U eht morf tseuqer fo retteL ......................... A-1
.B fo noitutitsni fo eciton s’noissimmoC edarT lanoitanretnI .S.U
gniraeh fo gniludehcs dna noitagitsevni ......................................... B-1
.C sgniraeh eht ta gniraeppa sessentiw fo tsiL ........................................ C-1
.D aera aimadacam dna secirp mraf fo ledom cirtemonocE .............................. D-1
.E noitacided dnal ot gniniatrep edoc ytnuoc naiiawaH ................................. E-1
Figures
1-1. 89/7991 ,)sisab llehs-ni-tun( stun aimadacam rof tekram dlroW ...................... 1-8
5-1. eht morf ,stcudorp lenrek dna aimadacam fo stropmi latot esenapaJ
79-2991 ,epyt lapicnirp yb ,ailartsuA dna setatS detinU .......................... 5-7
5-2. ailartsuA eht morf ,deird ro hserf ,stun aimadacam fo stropmi esenapaJ
79-2991 ,epyt lapicnirp yb ,setatS detinU dna .................................. 5-7
5-3. ,devreserp ro deraperp dna detsaor ,stun aimadacam fo stropmi esenapaJ
79-2991 ,epyt lapicnirp yb ,ailartsuA dna setatS detinU eht morf ................... 5-8
iiv
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Page
selbaT
1-1. dna ,sisab slenrek dna )SIN( llehs-ni-tun ,noitcudorp dlroW :stun aimadacaM
79-2991 ,sraey gnitekram ,seratceh detnalp .................................... 1-7
1-2. ,secirp doof dna ytidommoc detceles ni segnahc latot dna launnA
1993/94-1997/98 ......................................................... 1-10
2-1. ,seratceh gniraeb dna detnalp ,smraf fo rebmuN :iiawaH ni stun aimadacaM
89/7991 ot 39/2991 sraey-porc ,noitcudorp fo eulav mraf dna ,noitcudorp ,dleiy ....... 2-3
2-2. srossecorp aimadacam )naiiawaH( .S.U rojam fo setubirtta evitarapmoC ............... 2-7
2-3. aimadacam ot detoved seert fo noitubirtsid egA :seert aimadacam naiiawaH
79-2991 ,sepyt pihsrenwo yb ,noitcudorp tun ................................... 2-16
2-4. ,secirp elaselohw egareva ,srossecorp yb yrevocer lenreK :stun aimadacaM
89/7991 ot 39/2991 sraey-porc ,seulav elaselohw dna ............................ 2-17
2-5. ro ,desael ,denwo morf tnemerucorp ’srossecorP :stun aimadacam llehs-nI
79-2991 ,sreworg tnednepedni morf dna sdrahcro detner .......................... 2-18
2-6. aimadacam citsemod morf slenrek war fo noitcudorP :slenrek aimadacaM
79-2991 ,srossecorp citsemod yb slenrek detropmi fo sesahcrup dna stun ............ 2-20
2-7. emit-lluf yb dekrow sruoh fo rebmuN :snoitarepo gniworg tun aimadacaM
lanosaes yb dekrow sruoh fo rebmun ,srekrow detaler dna noitcudorp
ni ylimaf/srenwo yb dekrow sruoh diapnu fo rebmun dna ,seeyolpme
79-2991 ,stun aimadacam gniworg ........................................... 2-20
2-8. eht ni deyolpme srekrow fo rebmun egarevA :snoitarepo gnissecorP
,dessecorp erew stun aimadacam hcihw ni stnemhsilbatse gnitroper
stcudorp lla rof srekrow detaler dna noitcudorp yb dekrow sruoh
79-2991 ,diap segaw dna ,snoitarepo gnissecorp tun aimadacam rof dna ............. 2-21
2-9. 79-2991 ,secirp elaselohw .S.U :stcudorp tun aimadacaM .......................... 2-26
2-10. rieht no sreworg tnednepedni .S.U 07 fo ecneirepxe ssol dna emocnI
79-5991 ,snoitarepo mraf tun aimadacam ...................................... 2-26
2-11. rieht no sreworg tnednepedni .S.U 07 fo ecneirepxe ssol dna emocnI
1995-97operations, farm total .............................................. 2-27
2-12. aimadacam fo egatnecrep a sa desserpxe emocni ten dna sesnepxE
79-5991 ,sreworg tun aimadacam tnednepedni .S.U 07 yb selas ten tun .............. 2-28
2-13. aimadacam rieht no sreworg detailiffa .S.U 9 fo ecneirepxe ssol dna emocnI
79-5991 ,snoitarepo mraf tun ............................................... 2-29
2-14. tun aimadacam rieht no srossecorp .S.U 4 fo ecneirepxe ssol dna emocnI
1995-97operations, products ............................................... 2-30
2-15. dna ,noitpmusnoc rof stropmi ,stropxe ,noitcudorp .S.U :slenrek aimadacaM
1997/98to 1992/93 crop-years consumption, apparent ........................... 2-32
2-16. sraey-porc ,)sisab thgiew lenrek( noitpmusnoc atipac rep .S.U :stun eerT
1992/93t o1 996/97 ....................................................... 2-32
2-17. slenrek aimadacam fo seirotnevni ’srossecorp .S.U :slenrek aimadacaM
79-2991 ,stcudorp lenrek dna ............................................... 2-33
2-18. 79-2991 ,sepyt yb seirotnevni raey-fo-dne ’sretropmi .S.U :slenrek aimadacaM ......... 2-34
iiiv
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Page
selbaT – deunitnoC
2-19. yb ,noitpmusnoc rof stropmi .S.U :slenrek aimadacam deird ro hserF
79-2991 ,secruos lapicnirp .................................................. 2-36
2-20. :dedulcni ro deificeps erehwesle ton ,stun aimadacam devreserp ro deraperP
79-2991 ,secruos lapicnirp yb ,noitpmusnoc rof stropmi .S.U ...................... 2-37
2-21. citsemod fo stropxe .S.U :stun aimadacam devreserp ro deraperP
79-2991 ,stekram lapicnirp yb ,esidnahcrem .................................... 2-39
2-22. ,esidnahcrem citsemod fo stropxe .S.U :stun aimadacam deird ro hserf dellehS
1992-97markets, by ...................................................... 2-40
2-23. lenrek rehto dna slenrek derevoc-etalocohc fo stropxE :slenrek aimadacaM
,stekram rojam yb dna ,epyt yb ,srossecorp .S.U yb stcudorp lenrek dna
1992-97 ................................................................ 2-41
2-24. ecnediser yb iiawaH ni stsiruot fo serahs detceles dna segnahc ,srebmuN
natio1n9,9 3-97 .......................................................... 2-45
3-1. srossecorp aimadacam nailartsuA rojam fo setubirtta evitarapmoC ................... 3-4
3-2. detnalp ,noitcudorp lenrek dna llehs-ni-tuN :stun aimadacam nailartsuA
89/7991 ot 39/2991 ,dleiy dna ,seratceh gniraeb dna ............................. 3-13
3-3. tnerappa dna ,stropxe ,stropmi ,noitcudorP :stun aimadacam nailartsuA
consumptio1n9,9 2/1t99o39 7/98 ........................................... 3-15
3-4. 69-3991 ,sraey gnitekram ,stun aimadacam fo stropxE :ailartsuA ..................... 3-19
4-1. ,stropmi ,stropxe ,noitcudorp ,dleiy ,aerA :stun aimadacam ayneK
89-2991 ,noitpmusnoc citsemod dna .......................................... 4-3
4-2. ,stropmi ,stropxe ,noitcudorp ,dleiy ,aerA :stun aimadacam acirfA htuoS
89-2991 ,noitpmusnoc citsemod dna .......................................... 4-6
4-3. ,stropmi ,stropxe ,noitcudorp ,dleiy ,aerA :stun aimadacam nalametauG
89/7991 ot 29/1991 ,noitpmusnoc citsemod dna ................................ 4-11
4-4. ,stropmi ,stropxe ,noitcudorp ,dleiy ,aerA :stun aimadacam naciR atsoC
89/7991 ot 29/1991 ,noitpmusnoc citsemod dna ................................ 4-11
4-5. ,stropmi ,stropxe ,noitcudorp ,dleiy ,aerA :stun aimadacam nailizarB
89/7991 ot 29/1991 ,noitpmusnoc citsemod dna ................................ 4-13
5-1. yb ,stcudorp lenrek dna slenrek aimadacam fo stropmi esenapaJ latoT
79-2991 ,secruos lapicnirp .................................................. 5-3
5-2. 79-2991 ,ecruos yb ,deird ro hserf ,stun aimadacaM :stropmi esenapaJ ................ 5-4
5-3. ton ,devreserp ro deraperp dna detsaor ,stun aimadacaM :stropmi esenapaJ
79-2991 ,ecruos yb ,deificeps erehwesle ton ,ragus dedda gniniatnoc ................ 5-5
5-4. stcudorp aimadacam fo stropmi esenapaJ ni segnahc launnA ........................ 5-6
5-5. eht ni dna stekram ngierof detceles ni secirp liateR :stun aimadacaM
8991 yluJ dna 8991 hcraM ,)aera-CD ,notgnihsaW( setatS detinU .................. 5-14
6-1. seirtnuoc gnicudorp rojam ni saimadacam ot detnalp saerA .......................... 6-3
6-2. 89/7991 :ecnalg a ta snoitarepo gniworg aimadacam nailartsuA dna .S.U .............. 6-8
6-3. detalfeD :stekram tun aimadacam ot tnaveler setar egnahcxe laer ylretrauQ
79-2991 rof rallod .S.U detalfed rep stinu ycnerruc ngierof ........................ 6-23
xi