LSAT PrepTest 05

36 Pages·1.143 MB·English

by  LSAC

L SAT
*
PrepTest 5
Test ID: LL3005
A complete version of PrepTest V has been reproduced with
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Prep Test V © 1992 Law School Admission Council, Inc.
All actual LSAT questions printed within this work are used
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All right reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by
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LogicalReasoning....................................SECTIONI
(cid:1)
AnalyticalReasoning.................................SECTIONII
(cid:1)
LogicalReasoning....................................SECTIONIII
(cid:1)
ReadingComprehension..............................SECTIONIV
(cid:1)
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SECTIONI
Time—35minutes
25Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some
questions,morethanoneofthechoicescouldconceivablyanswerthequestion.However,youaretochoosethebestanswer;that
is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by
commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer,
blackenthecorrespondingspaceonyouranswersheet.
1. Somethingmustbedonetoeasetrafficcongestion. Questions3-4
Intraditionalsmalltowns,peopleusedtoworkand
shopinthesametowninwhichtheylived;butnow Mayor of Plainsville: In order to help the economy of
thatstoresandworkplacesarelocatedfarawayfrom Plainsville, I am using some of our tax revenues to
residentialareas,peoplecannotavoidtravelinglong help bring a major highway through the town and
distanceseachday.Trafficcongestionissoheavyon therebyattractnewbusinesstoPlainsville.
allroadsthat,evenonmajorhighwayswherethe Citizens’ group: You must have interests other than our
maximumspeedlimitis55milesperhour,theactual economy in mind. If you were really interested in
speedaveragesonly35milesperhour. helping our economy,you would instead allocate the
revenues to building a new business park, since it
Whichoneofthefollowingproposalsismost
would bring in twice the business that your highway
supportedbythestatementsabove?
would.
(A) Themaximumspeedlimitonmajorhighways
shouldbeincreased. 3. Theargumentbythecitizens’groupreliesonwhich
(B) Peoplewhonowtravelonmajorhighways oneofthefollowingassumptions?
shouldbeencouragedtotravelonsecondary
(A) Plainsvillepresentlyhasnomajorhighways
roadsinstead.
runningthroughit.
(C) Residentsoftheremainingtraditionalsmall
(B) Themayoracceptsthatanewbusinesspark
townsshouldbeencouragedtomovetothe
wouldbringinmorenewbusinessthan
suburbs.
wouldthenewhighway.
(D) Driverswhotravelwellbelowthemaximum
(C) Thenewhighwaywouldhavenobenefitsfor
speedlimitonmajorhighwaysshouldbe
Plainsvilleotherthanattractingnewbusiness.
fined.
(D) Themayorisrequiredtogetapprovalforall
(E) Newbusinessesshouldbeencouragedtolocate
taxrevenueallocationplansfromthecity
closertowheretheirworkerswouldlive.
council.
(E) Plainsville’seconomywillnotbehelpedunless
2. Collegeprofessor:Collegestudentsdonotwrite
anewbusinessparkofthesortenvisionedby
nearlyaswellastheyusedto.Almostallofthe
thecitizens’groupisbuilt.
papersthatmystudentshavedoneformethisyear
havebeenpoorlywrittenandungrammatical.
4. Whichoneofthefollowingprinciples,ifaccepted,
Whichoneofthefollowingisthemostserious wouldmosthelpthecitizens’grouptojustify
weaknessintheargumentmadebytheprofessor? drawingitsconclusionthatthemayorhasinmind
interestsotherthanPlainsville’seconomy?
(A) Itrequiresconfirmationthatthechangeinthe
professor’sstudentsisrepresentativeofa (A) Anyonereallypursuingacausewillchoosethe
changeamongcollegestudentsingeneral. meansthatthatpersonbelieveswilladvance
(B) Itoffersnoprooftotheeffectthatthe thecausethefarthest.
professorisanaccuratejudgeofwriting (B) Anygoalthatincludeshelpingtheeconomyof
ability. acommunitywillrequirepublicrevenuesin
(C) Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthepossibility ordertobeachieved.
thattheprofessorisapoorteacher. (C) Anyoneplanningtouseresourcescollected
(D) Itfailstopresentcontraryevidence. fromagroupmustconsultthemembersof
(E) Itfailstodefineitstermssufficiently. thegroupbeforeusingtheresources.
(D) Anycauseworthcommittingoneselftomust
includespecificgoalstowardwhichonecan
work.
(E) Anycausenotpursuedbypublicofficials,ifit
istobepursuedatall,mustbepursuedby
membersofthecommunity.
GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE.
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5. Recently, highly skilled workers in Eastern Europe Questions 7-8
have left jobs in record numbers to emigrate to the
Two paleontologists, Dr. Tyson and Dr. Rees, disagree
West. It is therefore likely that skilled workers who
over the interpretation of certain footprints that were left
remain in Eastern Europe are in high demand in
among other footprints in hardened volcanic ash at site G.
their home countries.
Dr. Tyson claims they are clearly early hominid footprints
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously since they show human characteristics: a squarish heel and
weakens the argument? a big toe immediately adjacent to the next toe. However,
since the footprints indicate that if hominids made those
(A) Eastern European factories prefer to hire
prints they would have had to walk in an unexpected
workers from their home countries rather
cross-stepping manner, by placing the left foot to the right
than to import workers from abroad.
of the right foot, Dr. Rees rejects Dr. Tyson’s conclusion.
(B) Major changes in Eastern European economic
structures have led to the elimination of
7. The disagreement between the two paleontologists is
many positions previously held by the highly
over which one of the following?
skilled emigrants.
(C) Many Eastern European emigrants need to (A) the relative significance of various aspects of
acquire new skills after finding work in the the evidence
West. (B) the assumption that early hominid footprints
(D) Eastern European countries plan to train many are distinguishable from other footprints
new workers to replace the highly skilled (C) the possibility of using the evidence of
workers who have emigrated. footprints to determine the gait of the
(E) Because of the departure of skilled workers creature that made those footprints
from Eastern European countries, many (D) the assumption that evidence from one
positions are now unfilled. paleontologic site is enough to support a
conclusion
6. Historian: Alexander the Great should not be judged (E) the likelihood that early hominids would have
by appeal to current notions of justice. walked upright on two feet
Alexander, an ancient figure of heroic stature,
should be judged by the standards of his own 8. Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
culture. That is, did he live up to his culture’s undermines Dr. Tyson’s conclusion?
ideals of leadership? Did Alexander elevate the
(A) The footprints showing human characteristics
contemporary standards of justice? Was he, in
were clearly those of at least two distinct
his day, judged to be a just and wise ruler?
individuals.
Student: But you cannot tell whether or not (B) Certain species of bears had feet very like
Alexander raised the contemporary standards human feet, except that the outside toe on
of justice without invoking standards other each foot was the biggest toe and the
than those of his own culture. innermost toe was the smallest toe.
(C) Footprints shaped like a human’s that do not
Which one of the following argumentative strategies
show a cross-stepping pattern exist at site M,
does the student use in responding to the historian?
which is a mile away from site G, and the two
(A) arguing that applying the historian’s principle sets of footprints are contemporaneous.
would require a knowledge of the past that is (D) When the moist volcanic ash became sealed
necessarily inaccessible to current scholarship under additional layers of ash before
(B) attempting to undermine the historian’s hardening, some details of some of the
principle by showing that some of its footprints were erased.
consequences are inconsistent with each other (E) Most of the other footprints at site G were of
(C) showing that the principle the historian animals with hooves.
invokes, when applied to Alexander, does not
justify the assertion that he was heroic
(D) questioning the historian’s motivation for
determining whether a standard of behavior
has been raised or lowered GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
(E) claiming that one of the historian’s criteria for
judging Alexander is inconsistent with the
principle that the historian has advanced
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9. Itisnotknownwhetherbovinespongiform 11. Noonewholacksknowledgeofasubjectis
encephalopathy(BSE),adiseaseofcattleinvariably competenttopassjudgmentonthatsubject.Since
deadlytothem,canbetransmitteddirectlyfromone politicalknow-howisamatter,notofadheringto
infectedanimaltoanotheratallstagesofthe technicalrules,butofinsightandstylelearned
infection.Ifitcanbe,thereisnowareservoirof throughapprenticeshipandexperience,only
infectedcattleincubatingthedisease.Thereareno seasonedpoliticiansarecompetenttojudgewhether
diagnosticteststoidentifyinfectedanimalsbefore aparticularpoliticalpolicyisfairtoall.
theanimalsshowovertsymptoms.Therefore,ifsuch
Amajorweaknessoftheargumentisthatit
directtransmissionoccurs,thediseasecannotbe
eradicatedby____. (A) reliesonageneralizationaboutthe
characteristicthatmakessomeonecompetent
Whichoneofthefollowingbestcompletesthe
topassjudgment
argument?
(B) failstogivespecificexamplestoillustratehow
(A) removingfromtheherdanddestroyingany politicalknow-howcanbeacquired
diseasedanimalassoonasitshowsthe (C) usestheterm“apprenticeship”todescribe
typicalsymptomsofadvancedBSE whatisseldomaformalizedrelationship
(B) developingadrugthatkillstheagentthat (D) equatespoliticalknow-howwith
causesBSE,andthentreatingwiththatdrug understandingthesocialimplicationsof
allcattlethatmighthavethedisease politicalpolicies
(C) destroyingallcattleinareaswhereBSEoccurs (E) assumesthatwheninexperiencedpoliticians
andraisingcattleonlyinareastowhichBSE setpolicytheyareguidedbytheadviceof
isknownnottohavespread moreexperiencedpoliticians
(D) developingavaccinethatconferslifelong
immunityagainstBSEandgivingittoall 12. Impactcraterscausedbymeteoritessmashinginto
cattle,destroyinginduecourseallthose Earthhavebeenfoundallaroundtheglobe,butthey
animalsforwhichthevaccineprotection havebeenfoundinthegreatestdensityin
cametoolate geologicallystableregions.Thisrelativelygreater
(E) developingadiagnostictestthatdoesidentify abundanceofsecurelyidentifiedcratersin
anyinfectedanimalanddestroyingall geologicallystableregionsmustbeexplainedbythe
animalsfoundtobeinfected lowerratesofdestructivegeophysicalprocessesin
thoseregions.
10. Autoindustryexecutive: Statisticsshowthatcars
Theconclusionisproperlydrawnifwhichoneofthe
thatwerebuiltsmallerafter1977tomake
followingisassumed?
themmorefuel-efficienthadahigher
incidenceofaccident-relatedfatalitiesthandid (A) Ameteoritethatstrikesexactlythesamespot
theirearlier,largercounterparts.Forthis asanearliermeteoritewillobliteratealltraces
reasonweopposerecentguidelinesthatwould oftheearlierimpact.
requireustoproducecarswithhigherfuel (B) Ratesofdestructivegeophysicalprocesses
efficiency. withinanygivenregionvarymarkedly
throughoutgeologicaltime.
Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldconstitute
(C) TherateatwhichtheEarthisstruckby
thestrongestobjectiontotheexecutive’sargument?
meteoriteshasgreatlyincreasedin
(A) Evenafter1977,largeautomobileswere geologicallyrecenttimes.
frequentlyinvolvedinaccidentsthatcaused (D) Actualmeteoriteimpactshavebeenscattered
deathorseriousinjury. fairlyevenlyovertheEarth’ssurfaceinthe
(B) Althoughfatalitiesinaccidentsinvolvingsmall courseofEarth’sgeologicalhistory.
carshaveincreasedsince1977,thenumberof (E) TheEarth’sgeologicallystableregionshave
accidentshasdecreased. beenstudiedmoreintensivelybygeologists
(C) Newcomputerizedfuelsystemscanenable thanhaveitslessstableregions.
largecarstomeetfuelefficiencystandards
establishedbytherecentguidelines.
(D) Moderntechnologycanmakesmallcarsmore
fuel-efficienttodaythanatanyothertimein
theirproductionhistory. GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE.
(E) Fuelefficiencyinmodelsoflargecarsrose
immediatelyafter1977buthasbeendeclining
eversince.
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13. Thatthepolicyofnucleardeterrencehasworked 15. M: Itisalmostimpossibletofindaperson
thusfarisunquestionable.Sincetheendofthe betweentheagesof85and90whoprimarily
SecondWorldWar,theveryfactthattherewere usesthelefthand.
nucleararmamentsinexistencehaskeptmajor
powersfromusingnuclearweapons,forfearof
Q: Seventytoninetyyearsago,however,children
startingaworldwidenuclearexchangethatwould
werepunishedforusingtheirlefthandstoeat
makethelandofthepowerinitiatingit
ortowriteandwereforcedtousetheirright
uninhabitable.Theproofisthatathirdworldwar
hands.
betweensuperpowershasnothappened.
Q’sresponseservestocounteranyusebyMofthe
Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,indicatesaflaw
evidenceabout85to90yearoldsinsupportof
intheargument?
whichoneofthefollowinghypotheses?
(A) Maintainingahighlevelofnucleararmaments
(A) Beingbornright-handedconfersasurvival
representsasignificantdrainonacountry’s
advantage.
economy.
(B) Societalattitudestowardhandednessdifferat
(B) Fromwhathashappenedinthepast,itis
differenttimes.
impossibletoinferwithcertaintywhatwill
(C) Forcingapersontoswitchfromapreferred
happeninthefuture,soanaccidentcould
handisharmless.
stilltriggerathirdworldwarbetween
(D) Handednessisaproductofbothgenetic
superpowers.
predispositionandsocialpressures.
(C) Continuingtoproducenuclearweapons
(E) Physicalhabitslearnedinschooloftenpersist
beyondtheminimumneededfordeterrence
inoldage.
increasesthelikelihoodofanuclearaccident.
(D) Themajorpowershaveengagedinmany
16. Theseventeenth-centuryphysicistSirIsaacNewton
smaller-scalemilitaryoperationssincethe
isrememberedchieflyforhistreatisesonmotionand
endoftheSecondWorldWar,while
gravity.ButNewtonalsoconductedexperiments
refrainingfromanuclearconfrontation.
secretlyformanyyearsbasedonthearcanetheories
(E) Itcannotbeknownwhetheritwasnuclear
ofalchemy,tryingunsuccessfullytotransmute
deterrencethatworked,orsomeotherfactor,
commonmetalsintogoldandproducerejuvenating
suchasarecognitionoftheeconomicvalueof
elixirs.Ifthealchemistsoftheseventeenthcentury
remainingatpeace.
hadpublishedtheresultsoftheirexperiments,
chemistryintheeighteenthcenturywouldhavebeen
14. Asurveyofalumnioftheclassof1960atAurora
moreadvancedthanitactuallywas.
Universityyieldedpuzzlingresults.Whenaskedto
indicatetheiracademicrank,halfoftherespondents Whichoneofthefollowingassumptionswouldallow
reportedthattheywereinthetopquarterofthe theconclusionconcerningeighteenth-century
graduatingclassin1960. chemistrytobeproperlydrawn?
Whichoneofthefollowingmosthelpsaccountfor (A) Scientificprogressisretardedbythereluctance
theapparentcontradictionabove? ofhistorianstoacknowledgethefailuresof
someofthegreatscientists.
(A) Adisproportionatelylargenumberofhigh-
(B) Advancesinsciencearehastenedwhenreports
rankingalumnirespondedtothesurvey.
ofexperiments,whethersuccessfulornot,are
(B) Few,ifany,respondentsweremistakenabout
availableforreviewbyotherscientists.
theirclassrank.
(C) Newton’sworkonmotionandgravitywould
(C) Notallthealumniwhowereactuallyinthetop
nothavegainedwideacceptanceiftheresults
quarterrespondedtothesurvey.
ofhisworkinalchemyhadalsobeenmade
(D) Almostallofthealumniwhograduatedin
public.
1960respondedtothesurvey.
(D) Increasingspecializationwithinthesciences
(E) AcademicrankatAuroraUniversitywasbased
makesitdifficultforscientistsinonefieldto
onanumberofconsiderationsinadditionto
understandtheprinciplesofotherfields.
averagegrades.
(E) Theseventeenth-centuryalchemistscouldhave
achievedtheirgoalsonlyiftheirexperiments
hadbeensubjectedtopublicscrutiny.
GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE
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17. Sedimentaryrockhardenswithintheearth’scrustas 19. Atree’sagecanbedeterminedbycountingthe
layersofmatteraccumulateandthepressureofthe annualgrowthringsinitstrunk.Eachring
layersaboveconvertsthelayersbelowintorock.One representsoneyear,andthering’sthicknessreveals
particularlayerofsedimentaryrockthatcontainsan therelativeamountofrainfallthatyear.
unusualamountoftheelementiridiumhasbeen Archaeologistssuccessfullyusedannualringsto
presentedassupportforatheorythatameteorite determinetherelativeagesofancienttombsat
collidedwiththeearthsomesixtymillionyearsago. Pazyryk.Eachtombwasconstructedfromfreshlycut
Meteoritesarerichiniridiumcomparedtothe logs,andthetombs’builderswereconstrainedby
earth’scrust,andgeologiststheorizethata traditiontouseonlylogsfromtreesgrowinginthe
meteorite’scollisionwiththeearthraisedahuge sacredPazyrykValley.
cloudofiridium-ladendust.Thedust,theysay,
Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,contributesmost
eventuallysettledtoearthwhereitcombinedwith
toanexplanationofthearchaeologists’successin
othermatter,andasnewlayersaccumulatedaboveit,
usingannualringstoestablishtherelativeagesofthe
itformedalayerofiridium-richrock.
tombsatthePazyryksite?
Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldcounter
(A) ThePazyryktombswereallrobbedduring
theclaimthattheiridium-richlayerdescribedinthe
ancienttimes,butbreakageofthetombs’
passageisevidenceforthemeteoritecollisiontheory?
sealsallowedtheseepageofwater,whichsoon
(A) Thehugedustclouddescribedinthepassage frozepermanently,therebypreservingthe
wouldhaveblockedthetransmissionof tombs’remainingartifacts.
sunlightandloweredtheearth’stemperature. (B) ThePazyrykValley,surroundedbyextremely
(B) Alayerofsedimentaryrocktakesmillionsof highmountains,hasadistinctiveyearly
yearstoharden. patternofrainfall,andsotreesgrowinginthe
(C) Layersofsedimentaryrockareusedto PazyrykValleyhaveannualringsthatare
determinethedatesofprehistoricevents quitedistinctfromtreesgrowinginnearby
whetherornottheycontainiridium. valleys.
(D) Sixtymillionyearsagotherewasasurgein (C) EachloginthePazyryktombshasamongits
volcanicactivityinwhichthematterspewed ringsadistinctivesequenceoftwelveannual
fromthevolcanoesformedhugeiridium-rich ringsrepresentingsixdroughtyearsfollowed
dustclouds. bythreerainyyearsandthreemoredrought
(E) Theiridiumdepositoccurredataboutthe years.
sametimethatmanyanimalspeciesbecame (D) Thearchaeologistsdeterminedthatthe
extinctandsomescientistshavetheorized youngesttreeusedinanyofthetombswas90
thatmassdinosaurextinctionswerecaused yearsoldandthattheoldesttreewas450
byameteoritecollision. yearsold.
(E) AllofthePazyryktombscontainedcultural
18. Mary,aveterinarystudent,hasbeenassignedan artifactsthatcanbedatedtoroughly2300
experimentinmammalianphysiologythatwould yearsago.
requirehertotakeahealthy,anesthetizeddogand
subjectittoadrasticbloodlossinordertoobserve
thephysiologicalconsequencesofshock.Thedog
wouldneitherregainconsciousnessnorsurvivethe
experiment.Marydecidesnottodothisassignment. GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE
Mary’sdecisionmostcloselyaccordswithwhichone
ofthefollowingprinciples?
(A) Allotherthingsbeingequal,gratuitously
causinganyanimaltosufferpainisunjustified.
(B) Takingthelifeofananimalisnotjustifiable
unlessdoingsowouldimmediatelyassistin
savingseveralanimallivesorinprotecting
thehealthofaperson.
(C) Theonlysufficientjustificationfor
experimentingonanimalsisthatfuture
animalsufferingistherebyprevented.
(D) Practicingveterinarianshaveaprofessional
obligationtostrivetopreventthe
unnecessarydeathofananimalexceptin
casesofseverelyillorinjuredanimalswhose
prospectsforrecoveryaredim.
(E) Nooneiseverjustifiedinactingwiththesole
intentionofcausingthedeathofaliving
thing,beitanimalorhuman.
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20. Experiencedgardenersadviseagainstplantingsnap 21. Wheneveramajorpoliticalscandaleruptsbeforean
peasafterlateAprilbecausepeasdonotdevelop electionandvotersblamethescandalonallparties
properlyinwarmweather.Thisyear,however,the aboutequally,virtuallyallincumbents,from
weatherwasunusuallycoolintolateJune,and whateverparty,seekingreelectionarereturnedto
thereforethefactthatthesesnappeaswereplanted office.However,whenvotersblamesuchascandalon
inmid-Mayisunlikelytoresultincropfailure onlyoneparty,incumbentsfromthatpartyarelikely
despitetheexperts’warnings. tobedefeatedbychallengersfromotherparties.The
proportionofincumbentswhoseekreelectionis
Thepatternofreasoningdisplayedaboveismost
highandremarkablyconstantfromelectionto
closelyparalleledinwhichoneofthefollowing?
election.
(A) Accordingtomanygardeningauthorities,
Ifthevoters’reactionsareguidedbyaprinciple,
tomatoesshouldnotbeplantedneardill
whichoneofthefollowingprincipleswouldbest
becausedoingsoislikelytoaffecttheirtaste
accountforthecontrastinreactionsdescribed
adversely;however,sincethesetomatoeswere
above?
grownneardillandtastefine,thereisclearly
noreasontopaymuchattentiontothe (A) Wheneveroneincumbentisresponsiblefor
so-calledexperts’advice. onemajorpoliticalscandalandanother
(B) SinceAfricanvioletsdonotthriveindirect incumbentisresponsibleforanother,the
sunlight,itissaidthatinthisregionthese consequencesforthetwoincumbentsshould
plantsshouldbeplacedinwindowsfacing bethesame.
northratherthansouth;however,sincethese (B) Whenamajorpoliticalscandalisblamedon
south-facingwindowsarewellshadedby incumbentsfromallparties,thatjudgmentis
evergreentrees,theAfricanvioletsplacedin moreaccuratethananyjudgmentthat
themarelikelytogrowsatisfactorily. incumbentsfromonlyonepartyaretoblame.
(C) Whereflowersaretobeplantedundershade (C) Incumbentswhoarerightlyblamedfora
trees,gardeningexpertsoftenadviseusing majorpoliticalscandalshouldnotseek
impatienssinceimpatiensdoeswellin reelection,butiftheydo,theyshouldnotbe
conditionsofshade;however,itisunlikelyto returnedtooffice.
dowellundermapletreessincemapletree (D) Majorpoliticalscandalscanpracticallyalways
rootsaresonearthesurfacethattheyabsorb beblamedonincumbents,butwhetherthose
allavailablemoisture. incumbentsshouldbevotedoutofoffice
(D) Mostseedstendtogerminateatmuchhigher dependsonwhotheirchallengersare.
rateswhenplantedinwarmsoilthanwhen (E) Whenmajorpoliticalscandalsarelessthe
plantedincoldsoil;spinachseeds,however, responsibilityofindividualincumbentsthan
areunlikelytogerminateproperlyifthesoil ofthepartiestowhichtheybelong,whatever
istoowarm,andthereforeexpertsadvisethat partywasresponsiblemustbepenalized
spinachshouldbeplantedearlierthanmost whenpossible.
vegetables.
(E) Houseplantsgenerallygrowbestinpots
slightlylargerthantheirexistingroot
systems,sotheusualadviceistorepotwhen
rootsfirstreachthesidesofthepot;thisrule GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE
shouldnotbefollowedwithamaryllisplants,
however,becausetheyarelikelytodobest
withtightlycompressedroots.
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22. Once people habitually engaged in conversation; now 23. In essence, all rent-control policies involve specifying
the television competes for their attention. When the a maximum rent that a landlord may charge for a
television is on, communication between family dwelling. The rationale for controlling rents is to
members stops. Where there is no communication, protect tenants in situations where limited supply
family ties become frayed and eventually snap. will cause rents to rise sharply in the face of
Therefore, the only solution is to get rid of the increased demand. However, although rent control
television. may help some tenants in the short run, it affects the
rental- housing market adversely in the long run
Which one of the following is most closely parallel in
because landlords become reluctant to maintain the
its reasoning to the flawed reasoning in the argument
quality of their existing properties and even more
above?
reluctant to have additional rental-housing units
(A) Once friendships thrived on shared leisure built.
time. But contemporary economic pressures
Which one of the following, if true, best explains the
minimize the amount of free time people
landlords’ reluctance described above?
have and thus jeopardize many friendships.
(B) Once people listened to the radio while (A) Tenants prefer low-quality accommodations
pursuing other activities. Now they passively with rent control to high-quality
watch television. Therefore, radio was less accommodations without it.
distracting for most people than television is. (B) Rent control makes it very difficult for
(C) Once sports enthusiasts regularly engaged in landlords to achieve reasonable returns on
sports, but now they watch spectator sports any investments in maintenance or in new
when they could be getting physical exercise. construction.
Without physical exercise, health (C) Rent control is a common practice even
deteriorates. Therefore, the only remedy is to though it does nothing to alleviate shortages
eliminate spectator sports. in rental housing.
(D) Once people were willing to tailor their day to (D) Rent control is generally introduced for
the constraints of a bus or train schedule; political reasons and it takes political action
now they are spoiled by the private car. The to have it lifted again.
only solution is for government to offer (E) Tenants prefer rent control to the alternative of
financial incentives to encourage the use of receiving direct government subsidies toward
public transportation. rents they cannot afford.
(E) Once people did their shopping in urban retail
districts, where they combined their shopping
with other errands. Now many people shop in
suburban malls, where they concentrate on
shopping exclusively. Therefore, shopping has GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
become a leisure time activity.