let's climb another molehill

167 Pages·2007·10.31 MB·English

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This report was prepared by the Recycling Council of Ontario (RCO)

Recycling Council of Ontario
51 Wolseley, 2nd Floor
Toronto, Ontario
M5T 1A4
[phone]
www.rco.on.ca

This project was supported through financial contributions from:

• Enhanced Recycling Program of the Government of Canada Action Plan 2000 on
Climate Change (managed by the Minerals and Metals Sector of Natural
Resources Canada)
• Public Works and Government Services Canada (PWGSC)
• New West Gypsum Recycling
• Region of Peel
• Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)
• Walker Industries

Contributors to the project:

Jo-Anne St. Godard, Executive Director, Recycling Council of Ontario
Jo-Anne was responsible for the overall management and coordination of the Molehill
project.

Bob Sawatsky, Principal, Renova Consultants
Bob was the principle researcher, and managed the 15 case study sites.

Athena Sustainable Materials Institute
Athena Institute was subcontracted to complete the GHG research and conversions.

Jessica Campbell, Researcher
Jessica Campbell was subcontracted to complete a literature review and contributed to
overall project recommendations.

Sarah Mills, Researcher, Recycling Council of Ontario
Sarah contributed to the regulatory review.

Michael Peterson, Chair, Recycling Council of Ontario
Michael contributed to the regulatory review.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Let’s Climb Another Molehill examines the composition, generation and management
practices of construction, renovation and demolition (CRD) wastes and activities as well
as the regulations and markets that affect them. Research was completed in collaboration
with project and site stakeholders from 15 case studies. Objectives included testing the
application of on-site Waste Management Action Plans (WMAPs), to determine their
affects on project management, as it relates to waste diversion. An important outcome of
the project is progress towards the development of an “on-site” tool, targeted at
stakeholders who are involved in managing CRD activities.

As a first step to addressing CRD waste material diversion, a clear definition of such
wastes must be developed and accepted by all stakeholders. Data collection and
comparisons are an integral part of defining the CRD waste problem and have a direct
effect on the development of meaningful diversion programs and regulations. As a first
step, the problem must be defined and then quantified. In order to accomplish this,
consistent and harmonious tracking and reporting mechanisms that facilitate “apples to
apples” comparisons must be implemented.

CRD waste generation rates and diversion activities are greatly affected by the period for
which they are assessed. Diversion data collected during the Molehill project revealed
that 90% of CRD wastes were generated from residential demolition and renovation, and
non-residential demolition type activities. More than 75% of these generated wastes were
predominately comprised of four materials: concrete, steel, wood and gypsum wallboard.

Based on information gathered from fifteen CRD case study sites in the Greater Toronto
Authority (GTA), the Molehill project focused on wastes avoided or diverted as a result
of implementing on-site WMAPs. Results were based on diversion rates, economic
savings and associated Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reductions.

Application of waste management action plans at various stages of the participating study
sites resulted in more than 200,000 tonnes (most of which was concrete) of CRD wastes
diverted from disposal, achieved through the avoidance of new materials, reusing existing
structures or materials and recycling residues.

Molehill study site diversion results were also recorded in terms of economic benefits.
In the majority of the site case studies, the application of a WMAP resulted in some form
of financial benefit. It is estimated that more than 2.5 million dollars was saved by
diverting waste from the 15 study sites.

Diversion results were also quantified in terms of avoided GHG emissions to demonstrate
the positive impact of recycling and reuse on climate change. Overall, the recycling and
reuse initiatives assessed in this study saved 1,073,563 kg of carbon dioxide (CO
2
equivalent), or 4.8 kg of C0 equivalent per tonne of material diverted. In descending
2
order, the material contributions to net greenhouse gas savings was as follows: concrete
(69%), vinyl windows (13%), steel (12%), asphalt (4%), with all the remaining materials
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amounting to 2%. In terms of diversion streams, reuse accounted for 85% of the
greenhouse gas savings across the seven sites assessed.

In order to affect positive change, stakeholders involved in CRD activities must consider
waste reduction at each phase of their project. Experience at study sites showed that
reduction during the design phase of a CRD activity achieves the greatest diversion
results. Residuals that do occur from CRD activities must be managed properly to ensure
they provide added value. Integral to this, is the methods by which wastes or residuals
are sorted, stored and transported.

Providing information and resources to stakeholders who manage CRD activities will be
the most important step toward positively reducing and diverting CRD wastes. Key to
implementing positive change will be a mechanism that can evaluate management
behaviour and provide feedback.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................III

1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1
1.1 Project Objectives...............................................................................................2
1.2 Project Partners...................................................................................................2

2 BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................5
2.1 Quantification of Construction, Renovation and Demolition (CRD) Waste......5
2.2 Composition of CRD Waste and Recycling Rates.............................................7

3 CASE STUDIES......................................................................................................11
3.1 Case Study Site Management Methodology.....................................................11
3.2 Waste Management Action Plans (WMAPs)...................................................12
3.3 Fifteen Selected “Molehill” Case Study Sites..................................................13
3.4 Generation and Recovery of Materials.............................................................13
3.5 Cost Savings......................................................................................................17

4 CRD DIVERSION AND CLIMATE CHANGE..................................................19
4.1 How does diversion of end-of-life materials from disposal impact emissions of
greenhouse gases?.........................................................................................................19
4.2 Calculating Greenhouse Gas Emission Savings...............................................19
4.2.1 Background Information...........................................................................19
4.2.2 Context......................................................................................................20
4.2.3 Methodology.............................................................................................21
4.2.4 Results.......................................................................................................22
4.2.5 Discussion of Results................................................................................24
4.2.6 Summary...................................................................................................25

5 MARKETS REVIEW.............................................................................................27

6 REGULATION REVIEW......................................................................................29
6.1 Division of Responsibilities..............................................................................29
6.2 Canada - Federal Overview..............................................................................29
6.3 Provincial / Territorial Overview......................................................................30
6.3.1 Ontario......................................................................................................30
6.3.2 Alberta.......................................................................................................31
6.3.3 British Columbia (BC)..............................................................................32
6.3.4 Manitoba...................................................................................................32
6.3.5 New Brunswick..........................................................................................32
6.3.6 Northwest Territories (NWT)....................................................................33
6.3.7 Nova Scotia...............................................................................................33
6.3.8 Prince Edward Island (PEI).....................................................................33
6.3.9 Québec......................................................................................................34
6.3.10 Yukon.........................................................................................................34
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6.4 Municipal Overview.........................................................................................34

7 THE MOLEHILL TOOL......................................................................................37
7.1 Background and Rationale................................................................................37
7.2 The Five Important Elements of the Molehill Tool..........................................38
7.3 Using the Tool...................................................................................................39
Step 1 - Planning.......................................................................................................39
Step 2 – Commitment................................................................................................40
Step 3 - Execution.....................................................................................................40
Step 4 - Evaluation....................................................................................................40
Step 5 - Repetition.....................................................................................................40
7.4 The Future of the Molehill Tool.......................................................................40
7.5 Other CRD Waste Management Tools.............................................................41

8 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS................................................43
8.1 Education..........................................................................................................43
8.2 Regulation.........................................................................................................43
8.3 CRD Industry....................................................................................................44
8.4 Governments.....................................................................................................44
8.5 Reducing Wastes at Source...............................................................................45
8.5.1 CRD Industry............................................................................................45
8.5.2 Provincial/Municipal Regulators..............................................................45
8.6 Having a Plan....................................................................................................45
8.6.1 Provincial/Municipal Regulators..............................................................45
8.7 Implementing the Plan......................................................................................46
8.7.1 CRD Industry............................................................................................46
8.8 Approval and Compliance with the Plan..........................................................46
8.8.1 Provincial/Municipal Regulators..............................................................46
8.9 Making the Plan Work......................................................................................46
8.9.1 CRD Industry/Recycling Industry.............................................................46
8.9.2 Provincial/Municipal Regulators..............................................................46
8.10 Strengthening/Developing Markets..................................................................47
8.10.1 Provincial/Municipal Regulators..............................................................47

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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1: Estimated US Building-Related CRD Waste Generation by Weight, 1996.......6

Table 1: Summary of CRD Building and Road/Bridge Building Waste Diversion Rates
by Commodity....................................................................................................................9

Figure 2: Molehill Waste Management Action Plan - Sample Template........................12

Table 2: Molehill Case Study Sites..................................................................................14

Table 3: Wastes Diverted from Case Study Sites............................................................16

Table 4: Costs Savings Results from Diversion..............................................................17

Table 5: GWPI Calculation for 1 m3 of 20 Mpa Concrete..............................................21

Table 6: Greenhouse Gas Savings by Site and Material Type.........................................23

Table 7: Cost for Disposal of CRD Waste in Southern and Southwestern Ontario........28

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A: Molehill Case Studies

Appendix B: Ontario Provincial Regulations and Municipal Activites

Appendix C: Ontario Municipalities / Corporations Polled for CRD Waste Policies

Appendix D: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute – References

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