Lethal Arrhythmias Resulting from Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction: Proceedings of the Second Rappaport Symposium

310 Pages·1989·6.38 MB·English

by  W. J. Lederer

LETHAL ARRHYTHMIAS RESULTING FROM
MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA AND INFARCTION
DEVELOPMENTS IN CARDIOVASCULAR
MEDICINE
Reiber, J.H.C., Serruys, P.W., Slager, C.].: Quantitative coronary and left ventricular cinean
giography. ISBN 0-89838-760-4.
Fagard, RH., Bekaert, I.E., eds.: Sports cardiology. ISBN 0-89838-782-5.
Reiber, J.H.C., Serruys, P.W., eds.: State of the art in quantitative coronary arteriography.
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Roelandt, J., ed.: Color doppler flow imaging. ISBN 0-89838-806-6.
van de Wall, E.E., ed.: Noninvasive imaging· of cardiac metabolism. ISBN 0-89838-812-0.
Liebman,]., Plonsey, R., Rudy, Y., eds.: Pediatric and fundamental electrocardiography. ISBN
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Higler, H., Hombach, V., eds.: Invasive cardiovascular therapy. ISBN 0-89838-818-X.
Serruys, P.W., Meester, G.T., eds.: Coronary angioplasty: a controlled model for ischemia.
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Tooke, ].E., Smaje, L.H., eds.: Clinical investigation of the microcirculation. ISBN 0-89838-
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van Dam, Th., van Oosterom, A., eds.: Electrocardiographic body surface mapping. ISBN
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Spencer, M.P., ed.: Ultrasonic diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. ISBN 0-89838-836-8.
Legato, M.]., ed.: The stressed heart. ISBN 0-89838-849-X.
Safar, M.E., ed.: Arterial and venous systems in essential hypertension. ISBN 0-89838-857-0.
Roelandt,]., ed.: Digital techniques in echocardiography. ISBN 0-89838-861-9.
Dhalla, N.S., Singal, P.K., Beamish, R.E., eds.: Pathophysiology of heart disease. ISBN
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Dhalla, N.S., Pierce, G.N., Beamish, RE., eds.: Heart function and metabolism. ISBN 0-
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Dhalla, N.S., Innes, I.R, Beamish, RE., eds.: Myocardial ischemia. ISBN 0-89838-866-X.
Beamish, RE., Panagia, V., Dhalla, N.S., eds.: Pharmacological aspects of heart disease. ISBN
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Ter Keurs, H.E.D.]., Tyberg,]. V., eds.: Mechanics of the circulation. ISBN 0-89838-870-8.
Sideman, S., Beyar, R., eds.: Activation metabolism and perfusion of the heart. ISBN 0-89838-
871-6.
Aliot, E., Lazzara, R, eds.: Ventricular tachycardias. ISBN 0-89838-881-3.
Schneeweiss, A., Schettler, G.: Cardiovascular drug therapy in the elderly. ISBN 0-89838-883-
X.
Chapman, ]. V., Sgalambro, A., eds.: Basic concepts in doppler echocardiography. ISBN 0-
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Chien, S., Dormandy,]., Ernst, E., Matrai, A., eds.: Clinical hemorheology. ISBN 0-89838-
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Morganroth, ]., Moore, E. Neil, eds.: Congestive heart failure. ISBN 0-89838-955-0.
Heintzen, P.H., Bursch, ].H., eds.: Progress in digital angiocardiography. ISBN 0-89838-965-
8.
Scheinman, M., ed.: Catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. ISBN 0-89838-967-4.
Spaan, ].A.E., Bruschke, A.V.G., Gittenberger, A.C., eds.: Coronary circulation. ISBN 0-
89838-978-X.
Bayes de Luna, A., ed.: Therapeutics in cardiology. ISBN 0-89838~981-X.
Mirvis, D.M., ed.: Body Surface Electrocardiographic Mapping. ISBN 0-89838-983-6.
Visser, c., Kan, G., Meltzer, R., eds.: Echocardiography in coronary artery disease. ISBN
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Singal, P.K., ed.: Oxygen Radicals in the Pathophysiology of Heart Disease. ISBN 0-89838-
375-7.
Iwata, H., Lombardini, ].B., Segawa, T., eds.: Taurine and the heart. ISBN 0-89838-
Mirvis, D.M., ed.: Body surface electrocariographic mapping. ISBN 0-89838-983-6.
Morganroth, ]., Moore, E.N., eds.: Silent myocardial ischemia. ISBN 0-89838-380-3.
LETHAL ARRHYTHMIAS RESULTING FROM
MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA AND INFARCTION
[PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND RAPPAPORT SYMPOSIUM]
EDITED BY MICHAEL R. ROSEN
and
YORAM PALTI
~.
"
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP
BOSTONI DORDRECHT ILANCASTER
Copyright 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1989
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other
wise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101
Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, Massachusetts 02061.
Distributors for North America:
Kluwer Academic Publishers
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Distributors for the UK and Ireland:
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rappaport Symposium (2nd: 1988: Haifa, Israel)
Lethal arrhythmias resulting from myocardial ischemia and infarction: proceedings of the
Second Rappaport Symposium/edited by Michael R. Rosen, Yoram Palti.
p. cm. - (Developments in cardiovascular medicine)
Symposium held in Haifa, Israel, March 13-16, 1988.
Includes bibliographies and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-8916-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-1649-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1649-7
1. Arrhythmia-Congresses. 2. Heart-Infarction-Complications and sequelae
Congresses. 3. Ischemia-Complications and sequelae-Congresses. I. Rosen, Michael
R. (Michael Robert), 1938- . 11. Palti, Yoram. 111. Title. IV. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Arrhythmia-etiology-congresses. 2. Coronary Disease-complications
-congresses. 3. Heart Arrest-congresses. 4. Myocardial Infarction-complications
congresses. WI DE997VME/WG 330 R221 1988L]
RC685.A65R27 1988
616.1'28-dc19
DNLMIDLC
for Library of Congress
This volume is dedicated to those who made the symposium possible: the
investigators, who generously donated their time and shared their intellect,
and the Rappaport family, who graciously supported the enterprise.
CONTENTS
Participants in the symposium IX
Editors' Introductions xv
I. IONIC DETERMINANTS OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY 1
1. Calcium current and excitation-contraction coupling in heart. 3
w. JONATHAN LEDERER, J.R. BERLIN, N.M. COHEN,
e.G. NICHOLS, G.L. SMITH AND M.B. CANNELL
2. Role of cytosolic calcium in the normal and ischemic heart: potential 13
new insights from the second generation indicator, Indo-I.
WILLIAM T. CLUSIN, RAJENDRA MOHABIR AND HON-CHI LEE
3. Repetitive activity: origin of the Na + load and its physiologic effects. 31
IRA S. COHEN, FANG CHANG AND RICHARD P. KLINE
4. Ionic changes associated with acute ischemia. 41
LEONARD S. GETTES, TIMOTHY A. JOHNSON, WILLIAM F. FLEET AND
ICHIRO WATANABE
5. Mechanisms of reperfusion arrhythmias. 55
HAROLD C. STRAUSS, RAYMOND YEE, JOSEPH A. HILL, JR. AND
THOMAS L. WENGER
II. METABOLIC FACTORS IN ISCHEMIA 75
6. Ischemia and N a + IK + pump function. 77
ANDRE G. KLEBER AND WAYNE E. CASCIO
7. Amphipathic lipid metabolites and arrhythmogenesis: a perspective. 91
PETER B. CORR AND DAVID J. DOBMEYER
8. Free radicals and myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion: 105
a short-lived phenomenon?
DAVID J. HEARSE
9. Thyroid hormones and cardiac function. 117
OFER BINAH, IRIT RUBINSTEIN, BELLA FELZEN, YECHIEL SWEED AND
SELA MAGER
vii
viii Contents
III. NEURAL AND HORMONAL FACTORS 129
10. Receptor mechanisms in ischemia and infarction. 131
AUGUST M. WATANABE
11. Sympathetic-parasympathetic interactions in the normal heart. 137
MATTHEW N. LEVY
12. Central nervous system modulation of cardiac rhythm. 149
RICHARD L. VERRIER
13. Influence of ischemia and infarction on cardiac vagal and sympathetic 165
innervation.
DOUGLAS P. ZIPES
IV. ARRHYTHMOGENIC MECHANISMS 179
14. On the problem of anisotropic propagation in ventricular muscle. 181
MARIO DELMAR, CARMEN DELGADO, DANTE CHIALVO, DONALD C. MICHAELS
AND JOSE JALIFE
15. Anisotropic reentry: A model of arrhythmias that may necessitate a new 199
approach to antiarrhythmic drug development.
ANDREW L. WIT
16. Arrhythmias in the early ischemic period. 215
MICHIEL J. JANSE
17. Arrhythmias and the healed myocardial infarction. 229
ROBERT J. MYERBURG, SHINICHI KIMURA, PATRICIA L. KOZLOVSKIS, ARTHUR
L. BASSETT, HEIKKI HUIKURI AND AGUSTIN CASTELLANOS
V. STRATEGIES FOR PREDICTION, PREVENTION AND THERAPY 243
18. Clinical significance and limitations of ventricular late potentials. 245
GUNTER BREITHARDT, MARTIN BORGGREFE, ULRICH KARBENN AND
ANTONI MARTINEZ-RUBIO
19. Pacing to predict mechanism: transient entrainment and reentry. 255
ALBERT L. WALDO AND RICHARD W. HENTHORN
20. The value of programmed electrical stimulation in triggered 269
activity-induced arrhythmias.
ANTON P.M. GORGELS, MARC A. VOS, PEDRO BRUGADA AND
HEIN J.J. WELLENS
21. Pharmacologic mechanisms in the treatment of arrhythmias due to 281
ischemia and infarction.
BRIAN F. HOFFMAN AND WALTER SPINELLI
22. Cardiac innervation and sudden death: new strategies for 293
prevention.
PETER J. SCHWARTZ
PARTICIPANTS IN THE SYMPOSIUM
Ofer Binah, Ph.D.
Departments of Biophysics and Physiology
Rappaport Family Institute
for Research in the Medical Sciences
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
Faculty of Medicine
Efron Street-Post Office Box 9697
Haifa 31096
Israel
Dr. Gunter Breithardt
Professor of Medicine (Cardiology)
Direktor
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik
Innere Medizin C
Westfalische Wilhelms
Universitat Munster
Albert-Schweitzer-Strabe 33
D-4400 Munster
West Germany
William Clusin, M. D., Ph. D.
Assistant Professor of Medicine
and Physiology
Falk Cardiovascular Research Center
Stanford University School of Medicine
300 Pasteur Drive
Stanford, California 94305
ix
x Contributing Authors
Ira S.Cohen, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Physiology and Biophysics
Health Sciences Center
State University of New York at Stony Brook
Stony Brook, New York 11794
Peter B. Corr, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology
Department of Internal Medicine
Cardiovascular Division
Washington University
School of Medicine
660 South Euclid A venue
St. Louis, Missouri 63110
Leonard S. Gettes, M.D.
Director, Divison of Cardiology
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
349 Clinical Sciences Building, 229-H
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
Dr. David J. Hearse
Professor
The Rayne Institute
The Medical School
St. Thomas' Hospital
London SE 1 7EH
England
Dr. Anton P.M. Gorgels
Experimentele Cardiologie Academisch
Rijksuniversiteit Limburg
Annadal1
Maastricht 6201BX
The Netherlands
Brian Hoffman, M.D.
David Hosack Professor and Chairman
Department of Pharmacology
College of Physicians and Surgeons
Columbia University
630 West 168th Street
New York, New York 10032
xi
Jose Jalife, M.D.
Professor
Department of Pharmacology
College of Medicine
State University of New York
Health Science Center
766 Irving A venue
Syracuse, New York 13210
Dr. MichielJ. Janse
Professor
Klinische en Experimentele Cardiologie
Academisch Ziekenhuis Bij de
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Academisch Medisch Centrum
Meibergdreef 9
1105 AZ Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Dr. Andre G. Kleber
Physiologisches Institut
Universitat Bern
Buehlplatz 5
3012 Bern
Switzerland
W. Jonathan Lederer, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Physiology
University of Maryland
School of Medicine
660 West Redwood Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Matthew N. Levy, M.D.
Chief, Investigative Medicine
The Mt. Sinai Medical Center
One Mt. Sinai Drive
Cleveland, Ohio 44106