Leishmaniasis: biology, control and new approaches for its treatment

422 Pages·2017·42.376 MB·English

by  Bhatia, Saurabh, Goli, Divakar

Leishmaniasis
Biology, Control and New Approaches for Its Treatment
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“This book fills an important niche and is usefully written in the broadest sense of the subject. la
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The authors are immensely experienced and knowledgeable university teachers. Despite the t
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explosion of online information available with the click of mouse, this is a handy and easy-to- a
read book that has been carefully conceived and crafted by experts; it will become
indispensable. I congratulate Dr. Bhatia and Dr. Divakar for bringing out this reference book on
leishmaniasis, and I am sure the book will find respectable space on the bookshelves of
academicians, busy practitioners, and students alike.” Biology, Control and
—From the Foreword by Professor T. V. Narayana, Secretary, Indian Pharmaceutical Congress
Association; Vice President, Indian Pharmaceutical Association
New Approaches for Its Treatment
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Infections caused by Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of phlebotomine sand i
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flies, are a major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries and loL
causing significant morbidly and mortality in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The resulting g
disease, leishmaniasis, currently threatens about 350 million women, men, and children in 88 y
countries around the world, with about two million affected annually. , Ce
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This new volume provides exhaustive knowledge on a wide range of natural products and holistic nti
concepts that have provided promising in the treatment of leishmaniasis. Including the major ros
natural therapies as well as traditional formulations, the book describes over 300 medicinal plants l a
and 150 isolated compounds that are reported to have beneficial results in the treatment of the nh
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disease. In addition, this book also acts as an important resource on various anti-inflammatory
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plants that can be used to treatment various inflammatory conditions of the disease. m
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
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Saurabh Bhatia, PhD, is currently working as an Assistant Professor at the School of Medical and
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Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. He has several years of academic
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experience, teaching such specialized subjects as natural product science, nanotechnology, c
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biotechnology, parasitology, polymeric sciences, and biomaterials. He has written several books e
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and more than 30 journal articles in these areas and has been an active participant of more than s
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35 national and international conferences. o
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Divakar Goli, PhD, is currently a Professor and Principal at the Acharya & B M Reddy College of Its
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Pharmacy in Karnataka, India. He is the Editor of the Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. T
He holds or has held many prestigious roles in the pharmaceutical field and is a member of many ri
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academic bodies. In 2014, Dr. Goli received the coveted Principal of the Year award from the as
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Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India. Dr. Goli has published almost 100 research m Saurabh Bhatia
articles in professional publications and is also coauthor of the book Pharmaceutical Marketing e
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Management. t Divakar Goli
ISBN: 978-1-77188-419-8
90000
www.appleacademicpress.com 9 781771 884198
LEISHMANIASIS
Biology, Control and New Approaches
for Its Treatment

LEISHMANIASIS
Biology, Control and New Approaches
for Its Treatment
Saurabh Bhatia, PhD
Divakar Goli, PhD
Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc.
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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Bhatia, Saurabh, author
Leishmaniasis : biology, control and new approaches for its treatment / Saurabh Bhatia, PhD,
Divakar Goli, PhD.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-77188-419-8 (hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-420-4 (pdf)
1. Leishmaniasis. 2. Leishmaniasis--Prevention. 3. Leishmaniasis--Treatment. I. Goli,
Divakar, author II. Title.
RC153.B43 2016 616.9’364 C2016-904971-X C2016-904972-8
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Bhatia, Saurabh, author. | Goli, Divakar, author.
Title: Leishmaniasis: biology, control and new approaches for its treatment/Saurabh Bhatia,
PhD, Divakar Goli, PhD.
Description: New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, Inc., [2017] | Includes bibliographical refer-
ences and index. | Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher;
resource not viewed.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016033113 (print) | LCCN 2016032864 (ebook) | ISBN 9781771884198
(hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781771884204 (eBook)
Subjects: LCSH: Leishmaniasis.
Classification: LCC RC153 (print) | LCC RC153 .B43 2017 (ebook) | DDC 616.9/364--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016033113
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Saurabh Bhatia, PhD
Saurabh Bhatia, PhD, is currently working as an
Assistant Professor at the School of Medical and
Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurgaon,
Haryana, India. He has several years of academic
experience, teaching such specialized subjects as
natural product science, nanotechnology, biotech-
nology, parasitology, polymeric sciences, and bioma-
terials. He has promoted several marine algae and
their derived polymers throughout India. He has written more than 30 inter-
national publications in these areas and has been an active participant of more
than 35 national and international conferences. So far he has successfully
finished nine books in pharma and its allied sciences. His published books
include Modern Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Academic Press, Elsevier, 2015); Nanotechnology in Drug
Delivery: Fundamentals, Design, and Applications (Apple Academic
Press, 2016); Leishmaniasis: Biology, Control and New Approaches for Its
Treatment (Apple Academic Press, 2016); Natural Polymer Drug Delivery
Systems: Nanoparticles, Plants, and Algae (Springer, 2016); and Natural
Polymer Drug Delivery Systems: Nanoparticles, Mammals and Microbes
(Springer, 2016). Dr. Bhatia graduated from Kurushetra University followed
by earning his MPharm from Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India. He
received his PhD degree from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
Divakar Goli, PhD
Divakar Goli, PhD, is currently a Professor and
Principal at the Acharya & B M Reddy College of
Pharmacy in Karnataka, India. He is the Editor of the
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the offi-
cial scientific publication of the Indian Pharmaceutical
Association from 2014-2016-2018 as well as
the regional RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical
Sciences. He holds or has held many prestigious roles,
including Honorary President and Director at Iphar
vi About the Authors
Pharmaceuticals Limited and at Du Laboratories Limited; Secretary of the
Education Division and Associate Secretary of the Indian Pharmaceutical
Association; Chairman of the 50th Golden Jubilee Celebration Committee
of National Pharmacy Week in 2011; Secretary of the International Society
of Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE), Bangalore chapter; and member of
many academic bodies. In 2014, Dr. Goli received the coveted Principal of the
Year award from the Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India. He is
also the recipient of the prestigious fellowship of the Indian Pharmaceutical
Association, and fellow of the Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy,
and the Institution of Chemists (India). Active in his field of specialization,
pharmaceutical biotechnology and management studies, he is a member of
many professional organizations and has presented at numerous national and
international conferences. Dr. Goli has published almost 100 research arti-
cles in peer-reviewed professional publications and is also coauthor of the
book Pharmaceutical Marketing Management. Dr. Goli has earned PhDs
in both Pharmaceutical Sciences and also in Commerce and Management
Studies from Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, and as well as a degree in
computer applications.
CONTENTS
List of Abbreviations ..........................................................................ix
Preface .............................................................................................xiii
Foreword .........................................................................................xvii
1. Ayurveda and Leishmaniasis .........................................................................1
2. Pharmacology of Leishmaniasis ..................................................................23
3. Diagnosis and Strategies to Control Leishmaniasis .................................107
4. Immunomodulatory Agents for Leishmaniasis ........................................115
5. Ayurvedic Treatments for Leishmaniasis .................................................127
6. Phytotherapy for Leishmaniasis ................................................................171
7. Elements Supplementation in Leishmaniasis ...........................................233
8. Alternative Therapies for Leishmaniasis ..................................................247
9. Inflammation and Leishmaniasis...............................................................273
10. Modern Treatment for Leishmaniasis .......................................................301
Index .....................................................................................................................387

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
SETS 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanato-2-2'stilbenedisulfonic
acid disodium salt hydrate
AC acidocalcisomes
AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ATP adenosine 5′-triphosphate
ATPase adenosinetriphosphatase
AG aggregated
AGE aqueous garlic extract
AAMos alternatively activated macrophages
AmB amphotericin B
APCs antigen-presenting cells
Ags antigens
AIA anti-inflammatory activity
AMP antimicrobial peptide
Sb(V) antimonials
AAL A. annua leaves
AAS A. annua seeds
BPS bathophenanthroline disulfonate
CMI cell-mediated immune
cMO classically activated macrophages
CRH corticotropin-releasing hormone
CpG ODN CpG oligodeoxynucleotide
CMC critical micellar concentration
CL cutaneous leishmaniasis
cAMP cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate
Cox-2 cyclooxygenase-2
DTH delayed type hypersensitivity
DS delivery system
DCs dendritic cells
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DAG diacylglycerol
DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
DIDS 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
DAT direct agglutination test