Law and Regulation of Aerodromes

285 Pages·2014·1.954 MB·English

by  Dr. Ruwantissa Abeyratne (auth.)

Ruwantissa Abeyratne
Law and
Regulation of
Aerodromes
Law and Regulation of Aerodromes
ThiSisaFMBlankPage
Ruwantissa Abeyratne
Law and Regulation of
Aerodromes
RuwantissaAbeyratne
Montreal
Que´bec
Canada
ISBN978-3-319-04779-9 ISBN978-3-319-04780-5(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-04780-5
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
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Preface
I began writing this book in mid-November 2013. At that time, super typhoon
Haiyan had already caused landfall in the central Philippines. The typhoon hit
landfallonFriday,November8,killingseveralthousandpeopleandleavingovera
millionhomeless.Thehugescaleofdeathanddestructionfromthestormbecame
clearer as reports emerged of thousands of people missing, and images showed
apocalypticscenesintownsthatwerenotevenreachedbyrescueworkersintime.
Oneofthemostpowerfulstormseverrecorded,typhoonHaiyan,levelledBasey,a
seasidetowninSamarprovinceabout10kmacrossabayfromTaclobaninLeyte
province,whereatleast10,000peoplewerekilled.OverallUnitedNationsfigures
reflectedthatmorethan11millionpeoplewerebelievedtohavebeenaffectedand
some673,000weredisplaced.
ManyStatespledgedsupportandassistance,whichtheUnitedNationsestimated
at300millionormore.Aircraftkeptcomingwithfood,medicalaid,andwater,but
tothewrongairportofCebu,quiteadistanceawayfromTacloban,wheretherewas
an airport but with a shorter runway than what Cebu International Airport had. If
donorStateshadusedC-130aircraftwhichcouldlandinTacloban,thefood,water,
andothersuppliescouldhavegotthroughtothoseinneedinmuchlesstime.But
the supplies were stranded in Cebu, with no internal infrastructure to get them in
time to the starving and the thirsty who were drinking contaminated water just to
survive. Itis worthyofnote thatthe 38th Sessionof the Assembly of the Interna-
tional Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), held at ICAO’s Headquarters in
September/October2013adopted aResolutionwhich said,inter alia,thatthere is
aneedforfuture generations ofaircrafttobedesignedsothattheyare capableof
being operated efficiently, and with the least possible environmental disturbance,
fromaerodromesusedfortheoperationofpresent-dayaircraft.
Noonedoubtsthatairportspromotegrowthanddevelopment.Theyalsoprovide
connectivitywiththeoutsideworld,particularlywhentragedyhits.However,itis
one thing to have an airport where aircraft could land bringing much needed
supplies, but it is another thing entirely to ensure that the airport is close enough
v
vi Preface
tothepeopleofthecommunitytobeofsomeuse.Regrettably,anearlierexample
oftheHaitiearthquakeinJanuary2010,wheresuppliessentinbygenerousdonor
Stateslanguishedonthetarmacoftheairportforseveralweeks,hasseeminglynot
served asa planning toolfor: thoseinvolved inensuringdisaster relief infrastruc-
ture;thoseintheairportbusiness;thoseprovidingreliefflightswhoshouldhavethe
foresighttosendtheproperaircrafttypesladenwithsupplies;andthoseexpectedto
bringtheaidtothedestitute,andthereforeareresponsibleforhavinglandtransport
ready.
In 2011 John Kasarda and Greg Lindsay published their book “Aerotropolis”
which argues that cities of the future as well as their economies will be built and
willfunctionincloseproximitytoairports.Aerotropolisisanewurbaneconomic
phenomenonwhichisontheriseintheairportindustry.Itisanairportcitywhich
has a core and outlying area of aviation-oriented businesses and associated resi-
dentialdevelopments.Beingverysimilartothetraditional“metropolis”whichisa
contrivedformationofacentralcityandcommuter-linkedsuburbs,theaerotropolis
willrespondtoasociety’sdemandsforcommunicationsthroughspeedandagility
of multimodel transportation systems and sophisticated telecommunication
systems.Afunctionalaerotropoliswillbeoptimizedbycorridorandclusterdevel-
opmentofhigh-volumecommercialactivityfacilitatedthroughaero-lanessuchas
expressway links and aero trains linking the airport city to the airport itself.
Infrastructurehasalsotobecreatedforthesmoothflowofbuses,taxis,andtrucks
betweenthetwopoints.
Despite this uplifting vision the 38th Session of the ICAO Assembly
(September/October 2013) noted that there was a low level of implementation of
aerodrome certification, including Safety Management Systems (SMS) at airports
amongStates.ThiswasfurthercorroboratedbyananalysisoftheICAOUniversal
SafetyOversightAuditProgrammeauditresultsthatshowedthatalargenumberof
audited States hadnotyetcertifiedorestablishedaprocessfor the certification of
aerodromes. Many audited States have not ensured that aerodrome operators
implementanSMSaspartoftheiraerodromecertificationprocess.
The title of this book involves aerodromes and not “airports.” In practical
parlance and in usage these two terms are referred to interchangeably in this
book, although there is a subtle difference in terminology since an airport is an
areaoflandorwaterwhereaircraftlandandtakeoffandanaerodromeisdefinedin
theICAO AerodromesManualas“adefined areaonlandorwater(includingany
buildings,installationsandequipment)intendedtobeusedeitherwhollyorinpart
forthearrival,departureandsurfacemovementofaircraft.”Onecouldcometothe
conclusionthatanaerodromeisanareaoflandorwaterwhereaircraftlandortake
off and where aircraft are serviced and maintained. The inconsistency of usage is
blatantandinexplicablewhereintheConventiononInternationalCivilAviation—
the multilateral treaty which governs civil aviation—the word “airport” is used
whereas Annex 14 to the Convention deals with “aerodromes.” However, for
convenience and easy readership, this book will follow common practice and
refertothetermsinterchangeablytomeanoneandthesamething.
Preface vii
Asthetitledenotes,thisbookwilladdresslegalandregulatoryissuespertaining
to the various aspects of the structure and functioning of an aerodrome and the
complexities involved. This is my second book on airports. The first—Airport
BusinessLaw—waspublishedin2009.
Montreal,QC,Canada RuwantissaAbeyratne
April2014
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Contents
1 TheAirportandtheState . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 TheNatureandFutureofAirports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1.2 CorporateForesight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.1.3 AirportPlanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.1.4 LinkwithAirTransport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.1.5 AirportsandFacilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.1.6 FlightInformationDisplaysattheAirport . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.1.7 RegulatoryAspectsofFIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.1.8 LegalAspectsofFIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.2 AirportsandAviationSystemBlockUpgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1.2.1 GANP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.2.2 ASBUs . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. 36
1.2.3 AirportCapacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.2.4 LegalIssues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.2.5 ASBUsandtheCouncilofICAO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
1.2.6 ASBUsandStates . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 42
1.3 StateResponsibilityforAirports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2 CertificationofAerodromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.2 Annex19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.3 ManualonCertificationofAerodromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.4 TheAerodromeDesignManual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.4.1 Runways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.4.2 Taxiways,ApronsandHoldingBays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
2.4.3 Pavements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
2.4.4 VisualAids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
ix