Kant's Transcendental Deduction: An Analysis of Main Themes in His Critical Philosophy

443 Pages·1992·24.79 MB·English

by  Robert C. Howell

ROBERTHOWELL
Departmen,tofPhilosophy,StateUniversityofNewYorkatAlbany
KANT'S
TRANSCENDENTAL
DEDUCTION
An Analysis ofMain Themes
in His Critical Philosophy
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHTI BOSTON I LONDON
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Howell, Robert.
Kant's transcendental deduction: an analysIs of main themes in
h1s eritiea1 philosophy I by Robert Howe11.
p• em. -- (Synthese 1ibrary ; v• 222)
ISBN 0-7923-1571-5 (alk. paper)
1. I<nowledge, Theory of. 2. Kant, Immanuel) 1724-1804
-Contributions in theory of knowledge. I. Title. II. Series.
B2799.K7H68 1992
121'.092--d020 91-43991
ISBNQ.....7923-1571-5
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In Memory ofMy Mother and Father,
Lorinda Katherine Cottingham Howell
RobertDonaldHowell
Es ist miBlich,den Gedanken,der einemtiefdenkendenManne
obgeschwebthaben mag und den er sich selbst nicht recht klar
machenkonnte, zuerraten ...
- Kant to Marcus Herz, May 26,1789,
discussing Leibniz
Firmgroundisnot availableground.
- A.R.Ammons
TABLEOF CONTENTS
DISPLAYEDSENTENCESREFERREDTOFREQUENTLY xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XV
PREFACE xvii
CHAPTERONE:KANT'SPICTUREOFKNOWLEDGE 1
1. Kant's Goals 1
2. TheKantianPictureofKnowledge(I):
Intuition,Concept,Sensibility,andUnderstanding 4
3. TheKantianPictureofKnowledge(II):
Space,Time,andTranscendentalIdealism 9
4. Summary 23
CHAPTERTWO:INTUITIONSANDTHEIROBJECTS 25
1. TheTranscendentalDeductionandCategoryApplication 25
2. KantianRepresentationsinOurKnowledge:
ThingsExistinginThemselvesorThingsMerelyAppearing
toUsinTimeorBoth? 26
3. TheObjectThatKantTakesanIntuitiontoRepresenttoUs:
ThingsasTheyAppearandAppearances 36
4. AProblemforKant 40
5. OuterandInnerSenseandtheProblemforKant 53
6. ThingsinThemselves:APreliminaryComment 56
7. Summary 57
CHAPTERTHREE: INTUITION,THEMANIFOLDOFINTUITION,ANDITS
SYNTHESIS 59
1. Introduction 59
2. OurDiscursiveThought-ConsciousnessandtheNatureofa
KantianConcept 61
ix
x TABLEOFCONTENTS
3. TheElementsofthe ManifoldofIntuition(I):
Mattersfor Concepts 70
4. TheElementsofthe ManifoldofIntuition(II):
Mattersfor SpatialParts 80
5. Problems and LooseEnds 89
6. Conclusions 99
CHAPTERFOUR:THETRANSCENDENTALDEDUCTION:ITSSTRUCTURE,
GOALS,ANDOPENINGCLAIMS 103
1. Introduction 103
2. 'Combination ... cannotbe given' (B130) 105
3, 'Howsubjective conditionsa/thoughtcan have objective
validity' (A89/B122):The TranscendentalDeduction in
Kant's ConceptionofIt 111
4. The OverallShapeofthe TranscendentalDeduction; the A-
and B-Deductions 124
5. FinalPreliminaries.The § 14,A92-93/B125-26Argument
for the Deduction 135
6. Summary 138
CHAPTERFIVE:COMBINATIONANDINTENSIONALlTY:B-DEDUCTION§15 141
1. Introduction 141
2. ClaimsofB-Deduction§ 15 141
3. Intensionality 144
4. TheAssumptionThatHKnowsthroughi 148
5. Summary 153
CHAPTERSIX:APPERCEPTION:B-DEDUCTION§16 155
1. Introduction 155
2. Kant's ViewofApperception inB-Deduction § 16 156
3. The BasicStructureofthe § 16ArgumentaboutAppercep-
tion; the ProblemofValidatingKant's Claimin § 16 159
4. ThreeUltimatelyInadequateKantian Attempts to Validate
Unity-of-ApperceptionClaims Like (S) 171
5. Can(S)Be Validatedby Kant's AccountofSynthesis?
A FourthArgumentfor (S) 184
6. Summary 189
TABLEOFCONTENTS xi
CHAPTERSEVEN:TRANSCENDENTALUNITYOFAPPERCEPTIONANDITS
NECESSITY 191
1. Introduction 191
2. Stipulating(S)andUnity ofApperception 192
3. NecessityofUnity ofApperception 199
4. Summary 211
CHAPTEREIGHT:THEUNIONOFTHEMANIFOLDOFINTUITIONINTHE
CONCEPTOFANOBJECT:B-DEDUCTION§17 213
1. Introduction 213
2. Uniting the Manifoldof i 214
3. PreliminariestoB-Deduction§ 17 220
4. B-Deduction § 17and Kant's Attempts toProve the Union
of i's Manifoldinthe ConceptofanObject 225
5. The Union ofthe Manifoldof i inthe Conceptofan Object
as YieldingH Knowledge; FurtherQuestions 233
6. Summary 243
CHAPTERNINE:OBJECTIVEUNITYOFAPPERCEPTIONANDTHELOGICAL
FORMSOFJUDGMENT:B-DEDUCTION§ISAND§19 245
1. Introduction 245
2. ObjectiveUnity ofApperception 246
3. ObjectiveUnity ofApperceptionand theLogicalForms of
Judgment 250
4. Questionsabout theLogicalFunctions 261
5. The Copula,ObjectiveUnity, and NecessaryUnity 265
6. Summary 272
CHAPTERTEN:CATEGORYAPPLICATIONTOTHEOBJECTOFINTUITION:
B-DEDUCTION§20 275
1. Introduction 275
2. Kant onConcepts and theLogicalFunctionsofThoughtin
Judgment 275
3. Concepts inJudgmentsandFeaturesinObjects 279
4. Kant onthe Categories (1) 289
5. Kant ontheCategories (II): FurtherDevelopment 296
xii TABLEOFCONTENTS
6. KantontheCategories(III):AristotelianExplanations 303
7. Evaluations.TheNecessity-ofCategoryApplication 310
8. FinalIssues 319
9. Conclusions.TheOverallInterestandSuccessoftheFirst
HalfoftheB-Deduction 333
10. Summary 335
NOTES 339
BIBLIOGRAPHY 409
INDEX 415
DISPLAYED SENTENCES
REFERRED TO FREQUENTLY
(K) 159
(W) 161
(S) 161
actual-consciousness versionof(S) 210
(NCA) 168
~UN 1~
(N 201
j)
(N2) 202
(N3) 203
(Tj) 217
(Ti) 220
xiii