Julius-Kühn-Archiv

236 Pages·2016·24.22 MB·English

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J u l i u s - K ü h n - A r c h i v
Ulrike Sölter, Uwe Starfi nger und Arnd Verschwele (Eds.)
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Julius Kühn-Institut
Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpfl anzen
Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen (JKI) Veröffentlichungen des JKI
Das Julius Kühn-Institut ist eine Bundesoberbehörde und ein Bundesforschungsinstitut. Es um-
fasst 16 Institute zuzüglich gemeinschaftlicher Einrichtungen an zukünftig sechs Standorten Das Julius-Kühn-Archiv setzt die seit 1906 erschienenen Mitteilungshefte, eine Reihe von Monogra-
(Quedlinburg, Braunschweig, Kleinmachnow, Dossenheim, Siebeldingen, Dresden-Pillnitz) und phien unterschiedlichster Themen von Forschungsarbeiten bis zu gesetzlichen Aufgaben fort. Alle
eine Versuchsstation zur Kartoffelforschung in Groß Lüsewitz. Quedlinburg ist der Hauptsitz des bisher erschienenen Ausgaben sind OPEN ACCESS kostenfrei im Internet (http://pub.jki.bund.de) zu
Bundesforschungsinstituts. lesen.
Hauptaufgabe des JKI ist die Beratung der Bundesregierung bzw. des BMEL in allen Fragen mit Öffentlichkeit und Fachwelt versorgen wir zusätzlich mit verschiedenen Informationsangeboten
Bezug zur Kulturpflanze. Die vielfältigen Aufgaben sind in wichtigen rechtlichen Regelwerken, wie über alle Aspekte rund um die Kulturpflanzen. Hierfür stehen Broschüren, Faltblätter, Fachzeitschrif-
dem Pflanzenschutzgesetz, dem Gentechnikgesetz, dem Chemikaliengesetz und hierzu erlassenen ten und Monographien, Datenbanken und Themenportale im Internet zur Verfügung.
Rechtsverordnungen, niedergelegt und leiten sich im Übrigen aus dem Forschungsplan des BMEL
ab. Die Zuständigkeit umfasst behördliche Aufgaben und die Forschung in den Bereichen Pflan- Seit 2009 wird vom Julius Kühn-Institut als wissenschaftliches Fachorgan das Journal für Kultur-
zengenetik, Pflanzenbau, Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde sowie Pflanzenschutz und Pflan- pflanzen – Journal of Cultivated Plants (vormals Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutz-
zengesundheit. Damit vernetzt das JKI alle wichtigen Ressortthemen um die Kulturpflanze – ob auf dienstes) monatlich herausgegeben (http://www.journal-kulturpflanzen.de).
dem Feld, im Gewächshaus oder im urbanen Bereich – und entwickelt ganzheitliche Konzepte für
den gesamten Pflanzenbau, für die Pflanzenproduktion bis hin zur Pflanzenpflege und -verwen-
dung. Forschung und hoheitliche Aufgaben sind dabei eng miteinander verbunden. Weiterführende Informationen über uns finden Sie auf der Homepage des Julius Kühn-Instituts
Weiterführende Informationen über uns finden Sie auf der Homepage des Julius Kühn-Instituts unter http://www.julius-kuehn.de.
unter http://www.julius-kuehn.de. Spezielle Anfragen wird Ihnen unsere Pressestelle
([email protected]) gern beantworten. Spezielle Anfragen wird Ihnen unsere Pressestelle ([email protected]) gern beantwor-
ten.
Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for cultivated plants (JKI)
The Julius Kühn-Institut is both a research institution and a higher federal authority. It is structured

into 16 institutes and several research service units on the sites of Quedlinburg, Braunschweig,
Kleinmachnow, Siebeldingen, Dossenheim und Dresden-Pillnitz, complemented by an experimen-
tal station for potato research at Groß Lüsewitz. The head quarters are located in Quedlinburg.
The Institute’s core activity is to advise the federal government and the Federal Ministry of Food
and Agriculture in particular on all issues relating to cultivated plants. Its diverse tasks in this field
are stipulated in important legal acts such as the Plant Protection Act, the Genetic Engineering Act
and the Chemicals Act and in corresponding legal regulations, furthermore they arise from the
new BMEL research plan.
The Institute’s competence comprises both the functions of a federal authority and the research in
the fields of plant genetics, agronomy, plant nutrition and soil science as well as plant protection
and plant health. On this basis, the JKI networks all important departmental tasks relating to culti-
vated plants – whether grown in fields and forests, in the glasshouse or in an urban environment
– and develops integrated concepts for plant cultivation as a whole, ranging from plant production
to plant care and plant usage. Research and sovereign functions are closely intertwined.
More information is available on the website of the Julius Kühn-Institut under
http://www.julius-kuehn.de. For more specific enquiries, please contact our public relations
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Gemeinschaft der Förderer und Freunde Informationszentrum und Bibliothek
des Julius Kühn-Instituts, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen e.V. (GFF) Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen
Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Königin-Luise-Straße 19
Tel.: [phone], E-Mail: [email protected] D-14195 Berlin, Germany
Internet: http://www.julius-kuehn.de/ Bereich “Das JKI/Wer wir sind/Fördervereine” E-Mail: [email protected]
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J u l i u s - K ü h n - A r c h i v
Ulrike Sölter, Uwe Starfi nger und Arnd Verschwele (Eds.)
HALT Ambrosia -
fi nal project report and
general publication of project fi ndings
Julius Kühn-Institut
Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpfl anzen
Herausgeber
Ulrike Sölter1, Uwe Starfi nger2 und Arnd Verschwele1
1 Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpfl anzen
Institut für Pfl anzenschutz in Ackerbau und Grünland
Messeweg 11-12
38104 Braunschweig
2 Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpfl anzen
Institut für nationale und internationale Angelegenheiten der Pfl anzengesundheit
Messeweg 11-12
38104 Braunschweig
Foto Titel:
Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpfl anzen
Bibliografi sche Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
Die deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografi e;
detaillierte bibliografi sche Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.
ISSN 1868-9892
ISBN 978-3-95547-036-4
DOI 10.5073/jka.2016.455.000
Alle Beiträge im Julius-Kühn-Archiv sind unter einer
Creative Commons - Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen
Bedingungen - 4.0 Lizenz veröff entlicht.
Printed in Germany by Arno Brynda GmbH, Berlin.
Table of Contents
Introduction: the HALT Ambrosia project .....................................................................7
Ulrike Sölter, Uwe Starfinger, Arnd Verschwele
A standard protocol for sampling and handling of seed material ..............................9
Gerhard Karrer
Germination and viability of ragweed seeds .............................................................13
Gerhard Karrer
Response of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) to soil salinity .............14
Robert Leskovšek and Andrej Simončič
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride Ringtest ....................................................................16
Gerhard Karrer, Gabriella Kazinczi, Ulrike Sölter, Uwe Starfinger, Arnd Verschwele,
Zsuzsa Basky, Felicia Lener, Nina Waldhäuser, Ildikó Kerepesi, Ferenc Pál-Fám, Sándor Máté,
Solvejg K. Mathiassen, Per Kudsk, Robert Leskovšek , Johan van Valkenburg
Studying the seasonal pattern of field emergence of ragweed in Hungary ............20
Gabriella Kazinczi
Effect of emergence time on life cycle, shoot dry weight, pollen and seed
production .....................................................................................................................21
Gabriella Kazinczi, Ferenc Pál-Fám, Richárd Hoffmann, Ildikó Kerepesi
Soil seed bank studies I-III ............................................................................................24
Gerhard Karrer, Felicia Lener and Nina Waldhäuser
Intraspecific differences of seed longevity between ragweed populations
in Hungary .....................................................................................................................31
Gabriella Kazinczi, Ildikó Kerepesi
Pre-trials on seed viability at the Julius Kühn-Institut ..............................................32
Uwe Starfinger, Ulrike Sölter
Pre-trials on seed viability at the University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences .................................................................................................................34
Gerhard Karrer
Viability of seeds ripened after cutting (pot experiment) .........................................36
Ulrike Sölter, Arnd Verschwele, Uwe Starfinger
Post harvest seed ripening (pot experiment) .............................................................37
Gerhard Karrer
Field experiment on longevity of the seeds in the soil seed bank
(Joint experiment) .......................................................................................................41
Gerhard Karrer, Rea Hall, Felicia Lener, Nina Waldhäuser, Gabriella Kazinczi, Ildikó Kerepesi,
Sándor Máté, Ulrike Sölter, Uwe Starfinger, Arnd Verschwele, Solvejg K. Mathiassen, Per Kudsk,
Robert Leskovšek, Andrej Simončič
Julius-Kühn-Archiv 455 | 2016 3
Field experiment on longevity of the seeds in the soil seed bank
(initial seed burial experiment at the University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences BOKU) ..............................................................................................48
Gerhard Karrer
Recommendations on safety of composting or use as biogas fuel of
common ragweed seed contaminated material ........................................................50
Uwe Starfinger, Ulrike Sölter
Implications of life history for control and eradication .............................................58
Gerhard Karrer
A standard protocol for testing viability with the Triphenyl Tetrazolium
Chloride (TTC) Test .......................................................................................................65
Uwe Starfinger, Gerhard Karrer
Perspectives for biological control ..............................................................................67
Urs Schaffner, Esther Gerber
Efficacy report and guidance on options for thermal control of Ambrosia
artemisiifolia .................................................................................................................85
Ulrike Sölter, Arnd Verschwele
Guidance for the Management of contaminated soil ...............................................88
Beate Alberternst, Stefan Nawrath
Improving efficiency of mechanical ragweed control in urban areas ....................117
Gerhard Karrer, Zsuzsa Basky
Control of common ragweed by mowing and hoeing ............................................118
Gerhard Karrer
Identification of correct timing of mowing based on mowing in the
most vulnerable phenological stages of ragweed ...................................................125
Zsuzsa Basky
Experiments on non-chemical and integrated control strategies ..........................145
Zsuzsa Basky
Suppressing common ragweed biomass with integrated farming
methods ......................................................................................................................146
Ulrike Sölter, Arnd Verschwele
Outcompeting common ragweed by sowing different seed mixtures
combined with various cutting regimes ..................................................................147
Gerhard Karrer, Ivana Milakovic
Mowing regime experiment on field roadside populations of common
ragweed ......................................................................................................................148
Gerhard Karrer, Ivana Milakovic
4 Julius-Kühn-Archiv 455 | 2016
The influence of different catch crops incorporated into the soil to
ragweed competition in following crops .................................................................150
Robert Leskovšek , Andrej Simončič
Growth and development of common ragweed
(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) under different nitrogen, water and
competition levels .....................................................................................................151
Robert Leskovšek
Competitiveness of common ragweed against different plant species ................152
Gabriella Kazinczi, Richárd Hoffmann
Control of common ragweed in ALS herbicide-resistant sunflower
hybrids (Helianthus annuus) ......................................................................................154
Tamas Kömives, Peter Reisinger, Andras Bittsanszky
Efficacy of different herbicides on common ragweed in oil pumpkins
(Cucurbita pepo) ..........................................................................................................159
Andrej Simončič, Robert Leskovšek
Efficacy of bio-herbicides against ragweed .............................................................161
Robert Leskovšek, Ulrike Sölter, Solvejg K. Mathiassen
Report on the feasibility and benefits of spot spraying .........................................162
Tamas Kömives
Efficacy of imazamox on Ambrosia artemisiifolia .....................................................172
Ulrike Sölter, Arnd Verschwele
Effects of low herbicide dosage on production and fertility of common
ragweed seeds ............................................................................................................174
Ulrike Sölter, Arnd Verschwele
Effects of treatment timing .......................................................................................175
Solvejg K. Mathiassen, Per Kudsk
Effect of sequential treatments .................................................................................176
Solvejg K. Mathiassen, Per Kudsk
Effects of different herbicide treatments on common ragweed in winter
wheat (Hungary) ........................................................................................................178
Gabriella Kazinczi, Imre Béres
Effects of different herbicide treatments on common ragweed in maize
(Hungary) ....................................................................................................................179
Gabriella Kazinczi, Róbert Novák, Ildikó Kerepesi
Effects of different herbicide treatments on common ragweed on wheat
stubble (Hungary) .......................................................................................................181
Gabriella Kazinczi, Sándor Máté, Ferenc Pál-Fám, Ildikó Kerepesi
Julius-Kühn-Archiv 455 | 2016 5
HALT Ambrosia - final project report and general publication of project findings HALT Ambrosia - final project report and general publication of project findings
Effects of different herbicide treatments for common ragweed control
at different phenological stages under field conditions (Hungary) ......................183
Gabriella Kazinczi, Sándor Máté
Herbicide efficacy for common ragweed control after defoliation
(Slovenia) ....................................................................................................................187
Robert Leskovšek, Andrej Simončič, Mario Lešnik
Biodiversity impacts of common ragweed ..............................................................188
Beate Alberternst, Stefan Nawrath, Uwe Starfinger
Outlook .......................................................................................................................227
Uwe Starfinger, Ulrike Sölter, Arnd Verschwele
Recommendations for countries affected by common ragweed
invasion .......................................................................................................................228
Uwe Starfinger, Ulrike Sölter, Arnd Verschwele
Index of Authors .........................................................................................................232
6 Julius-Kühn-Archiv 455 | 2016
HALT Ambrosia - final project report and general publication of project findings HALT Ambrosia - final project report and general publication of project findings
Introduction: the HALT Ambrosia project
Ulrike Sölter1, Uwe Starfinger2, Arnd Verschwele1
1Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants,
Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Messeweg 11/12,
38104 Braunschweig, Germany; e-mail: [email protected];
2Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for National and International
Plant Health, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
DOI 10.5073/jka.2016.455.01
Common ragweed – a troublesome invader
Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) is a tall erect annual of the daisy family (Asteraceae) na-
tive to North America. The plant has been inadvertently imported to many countries in Europe,
Asia and Australia. In Europe, the first populations were found in the mid-1800s. The species has
spread over several regions in Europe, having been introduced separately to France and Northern
Italy and later to South-eastern Europe from the 1900s onward. At present it is spreading through
Europe and Asia. Information about the current distribution and densities of its appearance is scat-
tered in national databases and publications. This invasive weed has established on arable and non-
cultivated land like roadway sides and construction land. A. artemisiifolia can be a strong competitor
to sunflowers, potatoes, pumpkins and legumes and can lead to high yield losses. The male flowers
produce large quantities of pollen which are of high allergenic potential. Although not sufficiently
shown so far, impacts on biodiversity can also not be excluded. The plant thus is a heavy burden on
public health, agriculture and biodiversity with resulting high economic losses.
European Commission: DG ENV work on invasive species
In the EU Commssion, DG Environment, activities “Towards an EU Strategy on Invasive Species” date
back to 2008 and before. More recently DG ENV initiated two open calls for proposals in 2010 to
further support the development of policies in the field. Two projects resulted from this, “Assessing
and controlling the spread and the effects of common ragweed in Europe (ENV.B2/ETU/2010/0037)”
finished in October 2012 and “Complex research on methods to halt the Ambrosia invasion in Eu-
rope - HALT Ambrosia” finished in May 2014. Both these projects focussed on common ragweed
which was used as a flagship species for these projects which served as pilot studies for possibili-
ties to deal with invasive plants. Meanwhile, further developments led to the “REGULATION (EU) No
1143/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 22 October 2014 on the pre-
vention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species” which entered
into force on 1 January 2015. This Regulation seeks to address the problem of invasive alien species
in a comprehensive manner so as to protect native biodiversity and ecosystem services, as well as
to minimize and mitigate the human health or economic impacts that these species can have. The
Regulation foresees three types of interventions; prevention, early detection and rapid eradication,
and management. A list of invasive alien species of union concern has recently been developed.
The project HALT AMBROSIA 2011-2014
The project was jointly implemented by the following institutions:
Project co-ordinator: Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Braun-
schweig, Germany (JKI),
Project partner: Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Austria (BOKU)
Julius-Kühn-Archiv 455 | 2016 7
HALT Ambrosia - final project report and general publication of project findings HALT Ambrosia - final project report and general publication of project findings
Project partner: Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary (PPI)
Project partner: Kaposvar University, Hungary (KU)
Project partner: Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Slovenia (KIS)
Project partner: Aarhus University, Denmark (AU)
with support from associated partners:
CAB International (CABI), Delemont, CH,
ACW Changins CH,
Projektgruppe Biodiversität, Friedberg, DE
The overall aim of our project was to contribute to the reduction of the prevalence of the invasive
alien plant A. artemisiifolia in European countries in order to reduce the burden on public health,
agriculture and biodiversity. We developed strategy elements for the reduction of the occurrence of
ragweed and its pollen in countries where the species is already established, e.g., Hungary, Slovenia,
parts of Austria, and South-eastern Central Europe and for the prevention of further import and
spread in countries not yet heavily infested, such as Germany, Denmark and Northern European
countries. The gaps in the existing information which is needed for understanding historical suc-
cesses and failures of prevention, control and eradication activities were analysed. This included:
• a fuller understanding of critical elements in the life history of common ragweed
• an evaluation of chemical, mechanical and biological control measures
Laboratory and field experiments about the germination biology and seed bank behaviour and the
proportion of viable seeds found in silage and biogas plants and transported commodities such as
soils were investigated. Efficacy of non-chemical control measures on Ambrosia and of combina-
tions thereof were determined as well as the best use of herbicides. Therefore information on the
best application and timing of control measures could be derived. Also the impacts of ragweed
stands on other plants as well as impacts of control measures on non-target species were part of
the research.
The research led to the publication of individual results in various forms, including journals, confer-
ence papers etc. The full research report as sent to and accepted by the Commission was available
on the project website (no longer online) and is found on that of the Commission: http://ec.europa.
eu/environment/nature/invasivealien/index_en.htm. Several project partners have expressed the
wish to have all the research available in a single volume, including that not deemed suitable for
publication in peer-reviewed journals.
The project has contributed to building a network of scientists who study various aspects of the
ragweed issue. Even after the project has helped answer some questions, the work on common rag-
weed needs to continue. Project partners team up with other researchers in order to carry on with
scientific studies but also to seek practical solutions for the ragweed problem: how to save people
from bad health, farmers from yield losses and the environment from a potentially noxious invader.
Currently many of the project partners and scores of other scientists are engaged in the COST action
FA 1203 SMARTER (ragweed.eu) and also in the International Ragweed Society (www.international-
ragweedsociety.org), both of which aim at helping solve the ragweed problem. For these researchers
the present volume may be of value.
We are grateful that the Julius Kühn-Institut offered to produce and fund this volume. The results
presented here were mainly found in the years 2011 – 2014, and the texts, including citation of
references could not be brought to the newest state throughout. We still hope that the book can
contribute to readers being able to access the current state of some of the knowledge on ragweed
in a comprehensive form and thus carry on with the work.
8 Julius-Kühn-Archiv 455 | 2016