Johan Bernard Schulte ancestors

30 Pages·2014·12.82 MB·English

by  Paul Nordberg

Ancestors of John! Bernard Schulte
compiled by Paul Nordberg
January 1!1, 2014
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Special acknowledgment to Reinhard Cloppenburg
of the Familienforschungstelle of the Diocese of Osnabrück
for his research and advice on context
C!ontents
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Thumbnail family tree .....................................................................2
Area map ........................................................................................3
Photograph of Tinner Dose ..............................................................4
Aerial view of Tinnen Center ...........................................................5
Notes by Reinhard Cloppenburg ......................................................6
Excerpts from Lathen history ............................................................7
St. Vitus Church .............................................................................11
Table of ancestors ..........................................................................13
Glossary of occupations and social characteristics .........................30
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Ancestors of John Bernard Schulte
16 Hermen Schulte
8 Bernard Schulte
b. 1707
b. 1742
d.
bp. Tinnen, Niedersachsen, Germany
m.
4 Herman Heinrich Schulte mp. Margaretha Frahme
b. October 1775 d. b. July 1709
bp. Tinnen, Niedersachsen, Germany dp. 17 d.
m. January 29, 1799
mp. St. Vitus, Lathen, Niedersachsen, Germany
d. 18 Hermann Beckmann
dp. Susanna Elisabeth Wolbers b. 1686
d. August 1, 1763
b. July 23, 1743
bp. Emmeln, Niedersachsen
2 Gerhard Heinrich Schulte d. Margaretha Wolbers
9 dp.
b. December 30, 1813 b. November 23, 1701
bp. Germany 19 d.
m. December 5, 1840
mp. St. Vitus, Lathen, Niedersachsen, Germany
20 Bernard Lübbers
d. May 9, 1908 10 Lübbert Lübbers
b. 1701
dp. Carroll, Iowa b. 1742
d.
bp. Tinnen, Niedersachsen, Germany
m.
mp. Helena Osteresch
5 Anna Helena Lübbers d. b. October 1709
b. June 1777 dp. 21 d.
bp. Tinnen, Niedersachsen, Germany
d. May 16, 1839
dp. Tinnen, Niedersachsen, Germany 22
Anna Aleidis Rüter b.
d.
b.
bp.
1 John Bernard Schulte
d. October 16, 1815
b. July 15, 1845 11 dp. Tinnen, Niedersachsen, Germany
bp. Tinnen, Niedersachsen, Germany b.
m. 1876 23 d.
mp.
d. July 27, 1923
24 Johann Henrick Rüter
dp. St. Leo, Kingman County, Kansas 12 Gerhardt Rüter
b. about 1692
b. February 1740
d. July 7, 1740
bp. Oberlangen, Niedersachsen, Germany
m. November 24, 1772
6 Englebert Rüterjans (Rüter) mp. St. Vitus, Lathen, Niedersachsen, Germany Cunegunde Töpker
b. July 1780 d. December 6, 1816 b. July 1701
bp. Oberlangen, Niedersachsen, Germany dp. Oberlangen, Niedersachsen, Germany 25 d. after 1749
m. November 26, 1805
mp. St. Vitus, Lathen, Niedersachsen, Germany
d. March 29, 1855 26 Rudolf Schröer
dp. Oberlangen, Niedersachsen, Germany Anna Catharina Schröer b. May 1716
d.
b. November 1747
bp. Fresenburg, Niedersachsen
d. Gabina Nankemann
13 dp.
3 Maria Angela Albers b. 1718
b. March 15, 1815 27 d.
bp. Oberlangen, Niedersachsen, Germany
d. May 27, 1855
28 Albert Stevens
dp. Gross Stavern, Hannover 14 Gerhardt Stevens (Albers)
b. 1705
b. 1747
d.
bp. Oberlangen, Niedersachsen, Germany
m. July 25, 1775
mp. St. Vitus, Lathen, Niedersachsen, Germany Elisabetha Arens
7 Angela (Engel) Elisabeht Albers d. b. 1713
b. 1780 dp. 29 d.
bp. Oberlangen, Niedersachsen, Germany
d. March 1, 1819
dp. Oberlangen, Niedersachsen, Germany 30 Hermann Christopher Hebbelmann
Genovefa Maria Wilhelmina Hinderina Gesina b. 1717
d.
Hb. eDbebceelmmabnenr 1749
bp. Niederlangen Fähre
d. Anna Gertrudis Schulte
15 dp.
b.
31 d.
Created January 11, 2014 using Reunion for Macintosh
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*
Walchum,
Steinbild,
Ahlen, Duthe
*
*
St. Vitus
*
Landegge
*
Gross
Hesepe,
Wesuwe,
Geest
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Tinner! Dose
The view from Tinnen acr!oss the marsh to Stavern.
Horst Nebel, photographer, http://www.panoramio.com/photo/68942083?tag=Niedersachsen
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Aerial view of Tinnen
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The little black flag in the center is the current residence of the Hinrichs family in central
Tinnen. (The Hinrichs purchased the remaining part of the Schulte homestead in 1939.) I
do not know if this is our ancestors’ home.
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http://maps.dastelefonbuch.de/DasTelefonbuch/kartenfinder.html?
&was=hinrichs&wo=tinnen&x=-213527&y=205124&x1=&y1=&x2=&y2=&projection=LCC
_TAO#
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E!xcerpts
E!mail from Reinhard Cloppenburg, of the Family Archive office of the Diocese of Osnabrück
(!my translation from the German)
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The Schulte manor in Tinnen, from which your Schulte ancestors came, originally belonged
to the Corvey Monastery on the Ems. Land and family were the possessions, the property of the
Monastery. An annual “lease” or “tax” payment had to be made, and an entry fee at the succession
of the heir. The family was not free and could not leave the land without permission. From this
possession there arose consequent fees, which were called occasional fees because the time for
payment was not fixed, as for the annual tax payment. When the peasant farmer died, a death fee
accrued, and half of the personal property was passed to the Corvey Monastery. If a woman
married outside the manor, an exit fee was due. Children in the manor owed service to the
landlord, which however most often could be discharged with a cash payment. Departing children
h!ad to purchase their freedom to leave.
I once had to calculate this fee to the proprietor, which was a cow each year, for my elderly
mother-in-law. The taxes were especially high in the year when the estate was passed on: entry
f!ees, death fees. Usually it took four years to pay these off.
In order to strengthen his rule in Emsland, the Abbott of Corvey entrusted governance to
two noble families, the von Kobrink of Altenoythe and the von Schwenke of Fresenburg. A part of
the taxes now went to these families. They worked to raise the fees, particularly those in cash. That
was understandable, since there was inflation even then. To address the increase, peasants turned
to farming. The landlord, the Prince Bishop of Münster, helped them, since he had to be concerned
that the peasants could no longer pay the increased taxes set by Kobrink and Schwenke – for the
Schultes, it was Kobrink. In this situation, the peasants of the Lathen subdivision could purchase
their freedom from the Corvey obligations, especially those of Kobrink and Schwenke. Then they
became independent farmers. The Bishop of Münster had previously made sure of the obligations
to Corvey Monastery. A typical obligation to Corvey was the payment of a pig. This obligation of
t!he peasants remained in place until the eventual freeing of the peasants in 1840.
After the Thirty Years’ War (1618 - 1648) the Schulte manor was divided. The remainder
was finally sold to the Reich Resettlement Bureau in 1939, an economically weak time for farmers.
T!he homestead then went to the Hinrichs family.
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E!xcerpts
The Court at Lathen/Ems of the Corvey Abbey, Volume 1
by Dr. Hermann Frerker
p!ublished in Lathen,1975
(!with my translation from the German)
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Die Besitzverhältnisse des Klosters Corvey bei der The circumstances of the grant of the Lathen
K!urie Lathen d!istrict to the Abbey of Corvey
Von den königliche Schenkungen war die Übergabe Among the royal grants by King Louis the Pious [son
der Missionszelle Meppen an das Kloster Corvey of Charlesmagne], the grant of the mission territory
durch Kaiser Ludwig d. Frommen im Jahre 834 von of Meppen to the Imperial Abbey of Corvey in the
b!esonderer Bedeutung. y!ear 834 was of particular significance.
I!n der Schenkungurkunde hießt es: I!n the the declaration of bestowal, it reads:
Im namen Gottes und Unserer Erlösers Jesus In the name of God and our Savior Jesus Christ,
Christus, Ludwig, durch Gottes gütige Milde L!ouis, exalted King by God's good grace...
e!rhabener Kaiser... !
Es hat Unserer Erhabenheit gefallen, de, neu It has pleased our Majesty, at the request of Abbot
gegründeten Kloster Corvey auf Bitten seines Abtes Warin of the newly established Abbey of Corvey, to
Warin die im Agradingau gelegene Missionzelle grant to it the mission territory of Meppen. This shall
Meppen zu übertragen. Sie soll ewig dem Kloster forever be subject to the Abbey. The Abbey shall
unterstellt sein. Über alles, was zu ihr gehört, soll decree over all belonging to it: over the churches,
das Kloster verfügen: uber die Kirchen, die Häuser the houses and other buildings, the cultivated and
und sonstigen Gebäude, die kultuvierten und nicht uncultivated fields, the meadows, the pastures,
kultivierten Ländereien, die Wiesen, Weiden, Felder fields and woods, standing and running waters, all
und Wälder, die stehenden und fließenden moveable and immoveable property and the subject
Gewäßer, alle beweglichen und unbeweglichen people of both sexes and all ages...
Güter und die eigenbehörigen Leute beiderlei
Geschlectes und jeglichen Alters...
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In dem Register des Abtes Widukind um 1200 Around 1200, in the Register of the Abbe Widukind,
wurde erstmals au Einkünfte des Verwalters (villicus) the payment due to the trustee (villicus), the schulte,
der Lathener Kurie, des Schulten, hingeweisen. Er is mentioned for the first time. From the
behielt von den Abgaben wegen der Hörigkeit der contributions of the dependent peasants, he retained
Zinsbauern einen kleinen, nicht näher bezeichneten a small amount, not further detailed ("the rest is
Anteil (cetera vero villico debentur). Wie im Jahre owed to the rightful trustee"). As was clarified in the
1585 erklärte, stand ihm "das oberste Kleid zu, year 1585, if a peasant died, he received the top
w!enn ein Zinsbauer verstarb." c!lothing.
Welche weiteren Einnahmen der Schulte zu Lathen What further income the schulte at Lathen had as
als Corveyer Verwalter und Hofsrichter hatte, wurde trustee of the Corvey Abbey and district justice, is
i!n den erhaltenen Akten nicht berichtet. n!ot described in the surviving records.
Der Schulte war nicht Besitzer seines Hofes. Sein The schulte was not the owner of his land. That
Hof gehörte, wie die Höfe der Zinsbauern zur belonged, like the land of the peasants, to the
Grundherrschaft des Klosters Corvey, also zu den authority of the Corvey Abbey, as well as "ye goodes
"guderen und have tho Loten," womit die Junker and possessions at Loten," which were mortgaged
Schwenke und Kobrink im Jahre 1470 erneut anew to the overlords Schwenke and Kobrink in the
b!elehnt worden waren. y!ear 1470.
Der Schulte war Eigenbehöriger der Junker Kobrink. The schulte was the property of the overlord
In den erhaltenen Münsterschen Steuerlisten des 16. Kobrink. In the surviving tax assessment list of the
Jahrhunderts wurde er als "eigenbehörig" 1600s, he was designated as "subject." In the year
bezeichnet. Im Jahre 1619 kaufte er seiner Hof von 1619, he purchased freedom of his land from
d!en Kobrinks frei. o!bligations to the Kobrinks.
Ob und in welchem Umfange der Schulte zu Lathen Whether and in what circumstances the schulte at
Abgaben bei einem Todesfall, bei "Ausfarht" und Lathen owed in the event of a death, for "discharge"
"Einfahrt" zu leisten hatte, wurde nirgendwo a!nd "possession" excises, is nowhere recorded.
a!ngegeben. !
An die Junker Schwenke mußte er eine He had to pay a lease at the rate of 6 measures of
Vogtjunkerpacht in Höhe von 6 molt Roggen r!ye to the overlord Schwenke.
e!ntrichten. !
Somit scheint sich auch in der Lathener Kurie die It appears that in this period, in the Lathen district as
Annahme zu bestätigen, daß, wie in anderen in other districts, the fees to the Imperial Abbey for
Kurien, Eigenbehörige des Klosters zu Verwaltern ein protection climbed higher and higher. The schulte
Kurie emporgesteigen waren. Pachtangaben an das had to deliver lease payments to the Imperial Abbey
Kloster Corvey hatte der Schulte zu offenbar nicht t!oo often.
z!u einrichten. !
Der Bischof von Münster erkannte das Amt des The Bishop of Münster recognized the office of the
Schulten un Richters an und verlangt von ihm für schulte as mediator and required no fees from him
den Vogteischutz keine Leistungen außer einem other than service of a wagon and team. The schulte
Wagen (= Spann) dienst. Nicht einmal ein Mairind, did not even have to deliver a spring cow, a
das der Bischof von fast allen Höfen im Emsland requirement for nearly all the other estates in
forderte, mußte der Schulte abliefern. Der Schulte Emsland. Thus, the schulte at Lathen did not have
zu Lathen hatte also seinen Hof nicht in eigenem his land in his own possession, but could manage it
Besitz, konnte aber ihn frei von Pachtabgaben an free of lease payments to the Abbey and protection
das Kloster und frei von Schutzabgaben an den stipends to the Bishop. For other taxes, of course he
Bischof bewirtschaften. Die übliche Steuern mußte was responsible.
er selbstverstandlich entrichten.
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So lange die Kurie bestanden hat, muß es einen For as long as the court had existed, there must have
Verwalter (villicus), den Schulte zu Lathen, gegeben been an manager (Latin villicus), the “schulte” of
h!aben. L!athen.
Über sein Tätigkeit als Verwalter wurde in den Nothing could be accomplished without his
erhaltenen Akten nichts berichtet. Inwieweit er die supporting actions as trustee. To what extent he
Abgaben für das Kloster einsammelte und nach gathered the taxes for the Cloister and sent them to
C!orvey transportieren ließ, wurde nicht überliefert. C!orvey, is not recorded.
Bei die Verwaltung der Kurie Lathen war der Schulte With the strengthening of the court at Lathen, the
eine Vertrauensperson besonderer Art: er war schulte was a particularly trusted agent: he was the
Corveyer Hofesrichter. Er hatte darüber zu wachen justice of Corvey. He had to watch and pay attention
and dafür zu sorgen, daß die vorhandenen Verträge that the covenants in place were not used to harm
nicht zum Schaden des Klosters und nicht zum the interests of the Cloister, and not interpreted to
N!achteile der Corveyer Bauern ausgelegt wurden. t!he disadvantage of the of the subjects of Corvey.
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The Cloister demonstrably had jurisdiction on its
Die Gerichtsbarkeit auf eigenem Grund und Boden own since the year 913. When the court at Lathen
besaß das Kloster nachweislich seit dem Jahre 913. w!as established, is unknown.
Wann das Lathener Hofgericht eingerichtet wurde, !
i!s nicht bekannt.
The schulte designation and knighthood in Lathen
Das Schulten- und Ritteramt in Lathen war erblich, was hereditary, as can be seen from the letter of the
wie aus dem Brief des jungen Schulte an den Abt young Schulte to the Abbott of Corvey in the year
von Corvey aus dem Jahre 1585 zu ersehen ist. 1585. When an incumbent schulte and court justice
Wenn in amtierenden Schulte und Hofesrichter died whose son was not yet of the age of majority,
verstarb, dessen Sohn noch nicht großjährig war, an interim schulte would be named with the
wurde für die Übergangszeit mit Zustimmung des consent of the Cloister, the Lord, and the subject
Klosters, der Junker und der Zinsbauern ein Schulte farmers, whose office designation would be "chosen
ernannt, dessen Amtsbezeichnung “gekorener und and sworn justice and schulte of the manor of
geschworener Richter und Schulte des Hofes zu L!athen." So it happened in the year 1495.
L!athen” war. So geschah es im Jahre 1495.
The court of Corvey in Lathen only had jurisdiction,
Das Corveyer Hofgericht in Lathen war für die for the Corvey subjects and the knights Schwenke
Corveyer Zinsbauern und für die Junker Schwenke and Kobrink, in legal questions that affected the
und Kobrink nur in den Rechtsfragen zuständig, die interests of the Corvey Cloister. In this domain it was
die Intenseness des Klosters Corvey betrafen. In "exempt," thus not subject to the judgments of the
diesem Rechtsbereich war es “exemt”, also nicht an lord of the land, the Bishop of Münster. The Bishop
Weisungen des Landesherrn, des Bischofs von of Münster and his appointees recognized this right
Münster, gebunden. Der Bischof von Münster und explicitly.
seine Beamten erkannten diesen Rechtszustand
ausdrücklich an.
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D!ie vormaligen Corveyer Bauern heute T!he former Corvey estates today
.!.. .!..
/!17/ de Schulte = Schulte d!e Schulte, Schulte
Dieser Hof hat sich nach dem 30-jährigen Kriege This estate was divided after the 30 Years' War
g!eteilt. [!1618-48].
Schulte = Übermühlen wurde 1939 an die RUGes The Schulte land [probably also belonging to his
(= Reichumsledlungsgesellschaft) verkauft. Der spouse] Übermühlen would be sold in 1939 to the
v!erbliebene Hofraum gehört Hinrichs. Reich Resettlement Administration. The remaining
! p!art of the estate went to the Hinrichs family.
Freikauf am 30. 7. 1841. Die Ablösungssumme Freehold [outright ownership, with no feudal
b!etrug 362 Taler 8 gGroschen für obligations] was purchased on July 7, 1841. The
redemption amount was 382 talers. Payments also
2 Scheffel Hafer i!ncluded -
1 Schwein 8 Taler
1 Rind 2 - 13 gGroschen 2 bushels oats: 8 groschen
1 Widder 20 - 1 pig: 8 talers
Herbstschatz 1 - 13 - 4 Pfg. 1 cow: 2 talers, 13 groschen
1 ram: 20 groschen
Harvest rights for crops: 1 taler, 13 groschen,
4 pfennig
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