Islam in an Era of Nation-States: Politics and Religious Renewal in Muslim Southeast Asia

335 Pages·1997·8.042 MB·English

by  Robert W. Hefner, Patricia Horvatich

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ISLAM
in an Era
of Nation-States
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ISLAM
in an Era of Nation-States
Politics and Religious Renewal
in Muslim Southeast Asia
Edited by Robert W. Hefner
and Patricia Horvatich
A
University of Hawai‘i Press
Honolulu
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 1997 University of Hawai‘i Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
02 01 00 99 98 97 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Islam in an era of nation-states : politics and religious renewal in
Muslim Southeast Asia / edited by Robert W. Hefner and Patricia
Horvatich.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0–8248–1901–2 (alk. paper). — ISBN 0–8248–1957–8 (pbk. :
alk. paper)
1. Islam and politics—Asia, Southeastern. 2. Islam and state—
Asia, Southeastern. 3. Islamic fundamentalism—Asia, Southeastern.
4. Asia, Southeastern—Politics and government—1945– 5. Islam and
world politics. 6. Islam—20th century. I. Hefner, Robert W.,
1952– . II. Horvatich, Patricia, 1962– .
BP173.7.I849 1997
322’.1’0959—dc21 97–8871
322’.1’0959—dc21 97–CIP1
University of Hawai‘i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines for
permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources
Designed by Angela Stanton
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Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction
1. Islam in an Era of Nation-States:
Politics and Religious Renewal
in Muslim Southeast Asia
Robert W. Hefner 3
PART I. The State and Civic Identities
2. Appreciating Islam in the Muslim Philippines:
Authority, Experience, and Identity in Cotabato
Thomas M. McKenna 43
3. Islamization and Democratization in Indonesia
Robert W. Hefner 75
4. Traditionalist Islam and the State in Indonesia:
The Road to Legitimacy and Renewal
Andrée Feillard 129
PART II. Reformers and Reformism
5. Modern Intentions:
Reshaping Subjectivities in an Indonesian Muslim Society
John R. Bowen 157
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6. The Ahmadiyya Movement in Simunul:
Islamic Reform in One Remote and Unlikely Place
Patricia Horvatich 183
7. Identity Construction, Nation Formation,
and Islamic Revivalism in Malayasia
Shamsul A.B. 207
PART III. Ordinary Muslims
8. “Ordinary Muslims” and Muslim Resurgents
in Contemporary Malaysia:
Notes on an Ambivalent Relationship
Michael G. Peletz 231
9. Islamization and the Reshaping
of Identities in Rural South Sulawesi
Martin Rössler 275
Afterword
10. Islam in Contemporary Southeast Asia:
History, Community, Morality
Barbara D. Metcalf 309
Contributors 321
Index 323
vi | Contents
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Acknowledgments
In recent years scholars in the fields of Southeast Asian and
Islamic studies reflecting on the distinctive situation of Muslims in Southeast
Asia have enlisted the help of colleagues working on Islam in other parts of
the world. Many people have been part of that dialogue, which, for those
of us involved in the creation of this book, intensified with a series of meet-
ings over a twenty-month period from 1993 to 1995. For the genesis of the
present volume, a key moment in these discussions was a conference held in
August 1993 in Honolulu on “Islam and the Social Construction of Iden-
tities: Comparative Perspectives on Southeast Asian Muslims.” For that
meeting and the smaller discussions that followed over the next year and
one-half, we especially want to acknowledge the assistance of the Center
for Southeast Asian Studies and the School of Hawaiian, Asian and Pacific
Studies at the University of Hawai‘i at Mânoa. These departments, headed
by P.Bion Griffin and Mark Juergensmeyer, respectively, provided some of
the funding and resources needed to organize this international conference.
The East-West Center also played an important role in the production of
the conference by offering funding and making conference facilities avail-
able. We are particularly grateful to Geoffrey White, director of the Pro-
gram on Cultural Studies; Charles Morrison, director of the Program on
International Economics and Politics; Florence Lamoureux of the Center
for Southeast Asian Studies; and Helen de Leon Palmore of the Program on
Cultural Studies. The National Science Foundation, the Wenner-Gren
Foundation for Anthropological Research, and the University of Hawai‘i
Foundation provided the majority of the funding for the Honolulu confer-
ence. We acknowledge their assistance with gratitude.
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The discussions that preceded and followed the Honolulu meeting in-
cluded many people, all of whom helped us to place Southeast Asian Islam
in a broader perspective. We are especially grateful to the following individ-
uals who participated in our meetings: Muthiah Alagappa, William Brinner,
Dale Eickelman, Dru Gladney, Lenn Goodman, Anthony Johns, Mark Juer-
gensmeyer, Clive Kessler, Bruce Lawrence, Barbara Metcalf, Mitsuo Naka-
mura, Amina Wadud-Muhsin, Lucy Whalley, and Mark Woodward. Special
thanks are extended to Nurcholish Madjid and Michael Mastura, who
brought a vital Southeast Asian perspective to our discussions.
Portions of Robert Hefner’s Chapter 3 appeared in an article published
in Indonesia, no. 56 (Fall 1993), titled “Islam, State, and Civil Society: icmi
and the Struggle for the Indonesian Middle Class.”
Finally, we want to express our gratitude to Pamela Kelley at the Uni-
versity of Hawai‘i Press for the energy and consideration she showed in
spiriting this book to publication.
viii | Acknowledgments
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Introduction
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