Table Of Contentइंटरनेट मानक
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IS 4457 (2007): Ceramic unglazed vitreous acid resisting
tile - [CED 5: Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing]
“!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण”
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee””
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै”
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
.,,,. ,...,. .
IS 4457: 2(MI7
Indian Standard
CERAMIC UNGLAZED VITREOUS ACID *
RESISTING TILES — SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision)
ICS 91.100.23
0 B[s 2007
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC
NEW DELHI 1I()()02
.////1(’2007” Price Group 8
m
Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee, CED 5
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Second Revision) wasadopted bythe Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
bythe Flooring, WallFinishing and Roofing Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering
Division Council.
Ceramic unglazed vitreous acidresisting tilesaresuitable forprotecting surfaces against corrosive action ofacids
and chemicals as well as to resist abrasion. These tiles are intensively used as floor covering for chemical and
allied industries, lining of tanks, etc, where the necessity of resistance to acid and resistance to wear becomes
essential. These tiles are normally used with chemical resistant mortars.
This standard wasfirstpublished in 1967.Asaresult ofthe increased useofthe standard, considerable amount of
suggestions had been received from various bodies implementing it.This standard was first revised in 1982.
In order to accommodate changes in technology and higher demands on product performance this standard is
being revised with aview to modify some ofthe provisions already laid down and adding somenew provisions.
Experience shows that the modular dimensions of tiles specified in the earlier version of the standard are not
being manufactured at present. The Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard feels that the
difficulties experienced by the manufacturers to produce tiles to modular size could be overcome gradually by
adjusting the manufacturing practice, and with this aspect in view,the dimensionally coordinated size has been
retained. Also, itwas felt that the revised version should be compatible with international market requirements
and should be similar to 1S0 specification. However, tiles restricted up to athickness of 20 mm have only been
covered in this revision and units having thickness greater than 20 mm and termed as acid resisting bricks are
intended to be covered in IS 4860: 1968 ‘Specification for acid-resistant bricks’. The test for ascertaining the
lossinabrasion, which wasotherwise left tothe agreement between the purchaser andthe supplier inthe earlier
version, has been made compulsory and a specific value for abrasion loss has been recommended. Additional
tests on tlexural strength that are considered to be important in controlling the quality of such tiles have been
introduced.
Withimprovements inmanufactu r ing processes andthe ever increasing demand ofthe consumer tohave aslittle
variation as possible, tolerances on length and width have been revised to better levels. This section has been
included as a part of the ‘Requirements’ section, along with the other physical properties. Also, the tolerance
valueshave been made more stringent when compared tothe earlier standard. Since consumer demand for larger
sized tiles is increasing (primarily because of the significant reduction injoints), it was felt that the tolerance
limitsneedtobetighter. Larger sized tiles areprone to variations insizeandthickness, ifproper controls arenot
exercised. Thiscan leadto creation ofwideandunevenjoints, defeating theverypurpose ofusingthelargersized
tiles.
Current ISO Standards have been adopted for the testing method of dimensions, warpage, straightness of sides
and rectangularity and these results as prescribed by the 1S0 Standards shall be reported as apercentage inthe
current revision. Warpage has been expanded to include surface flatness, centre curvature and edge curvature.
Thewaterabsorption ofthetilehasbeenrevised andrequirements changed to lessthan 0.5percent, insteadofthe
current 2percent. Over theyears, customers have been demanding lower water absorption for improved acid and
stainresistance performance. Also,thedemand forhigher strength from industrial consumers requires theproduct
tohavehigher vitrification levels. Thankstotheuseofbetter rawmaterials andnewer technologies manufacturers
arenowabletosatisfythisrequirement. Theproduct isexpected toperform satisfactorily undercurrent conditions
provided the water absorption is lessthan 0.5 percent.
(Continued on third cover)
—
1—— —---—-- ---
IS 4457:2007
Indian Standard
CERAMIC UNGLAZED VITREOUS ACID
RESISTING TILES — SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision)
1 SCOPE NOTE— Similmjointwidensmaybe usedtoapplyto
traditional system basedonnon-metric size.
This standard laysdown the requirements for ceramic
4.2 Thickness
unglazed vitreous acid resisting tiles.
20, 15, 12,10,8mmoranyotherthickness asreported
2 REFERENCES
by the manufacturer, provided it is lessthan 20mm.
The standards given in Annex A contain provisions
4.3 Halftilesforuseasfulltiles, ifmanufactured, shall
which through reference in this text, constitute have dimensions that shallbe such astomakethehalf
provisions ofthis standard. Atthe time ofpublication, tiles, whenjoint together, match with the dimension
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
ofafull tile.
subject to revisionandpartiestoagreementsbasedon
this standard are encouraged to investigate the 5 REQUIREMENTS
possibility of applying the most recent editions ofthe
The tiles shall conform to the requirements given in
standards given atAnnex A.
COI2ofTable 1whentested asperthemethod indicated
inCO14 (seeAnnexes Bto G).
3 MANUFACTURE
The tiles shall be of vitreous ware and shall be free 6 MARKING
fi-omdeleterious substances. The finished tile, when 6.1 Each tile shallbe legibly marked onthebackwith
fractured, shall appear tine grained in texture, dense
the following:
and homogeneous. The tiles shall be sound, true to
a) Name and address of the manufacturer and/
shape, flat, free from flaws and other manufacturing
or trade-mark and the country of origin, and
defectsaffecting their utility.
b) Batch number/date of manufacture.
4 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES
6.2 BIS Certification Marking
4.1 Sizes
Thetiles may alsobemarked with the Standard Mark.
a) 100mm x 100mm or 98.5 mm x 98.5 mm,
b) 150mm x 150mmor 148.5mmx 148.5mm, 6.2.1 Theuseofthe Standard Mark isgoverned bythe
provisions oftheBureau ofIndian Standards Act, 1986
c) 200mmx 200 mmor 198.5mmx 198.5mm,
and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The
d) 304 mm x 304 or 300 mm x 300 mm,
details of conditions under which a licence for the use
e) 290 mm x 290 mm,
ofthe Standard Mark maybe granted tomanufacturers
f) 304mm X151mmor300mmx 150mm,
or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of
g) 204 mm x 204 mm or 200 mm x 200 mm, Indian Standards.
h) ’200mm x 100mm or 198.5mm x 98.5 mm,
and 7 PACKING
j) Or any other size as agreed between the The tiles shall be packed according to the usual trade
manufacturer and the purchaser provided it
practice and adequately protected.
islessthan 375 mm x 375 mm.
8 SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR
Themanufacturershallchoosetheworksizeasfollows:
CONFORMITY
a) Formodular tiles inorder to allow anominal
8.1 Lot
Joint width of between 2to 5mm.
b) For non-modular tile so that the difference [nasingleconsignment, allthetilesofthesameshape,
betweenthework sizeandthe nominal sizeis size and thickness produced under similar conditions
notmorethan+2percent(+5mmmaximum). ofmanufacture, shall constitute a lot.
m
IS 4457:2007
Tablel Unglazed Ceramic Vitreous Acid Resisting Tiles
(Ckwe 5)
s! Requirement Surface Area (S)of the Product lethod
No. cm? IfTest,
Refto
4nnex
(1) (2) (3) (4)
SS9(I 90<ss I90 I90<ss41o S>41o
Percent Percent Percent Percent
..—
i) Dimensions and Surface Quality
a) Lengfh und width
1) Thede\,iation inpercent oftheaverage sizeforeach tile 1,2 *1.O *0.75 *0.6
(2or4sides)fromtheworksize(w)
2) Thedeviation inpercent oftheaverage sizeforeachtile *0.75 +0.5 to.5 +0.5
(2 or 4 sides) from the average size of the 10 test
specimens(20or40sides)
b) Thickness *
Thedeviation inpercent oftheaveragethicknessofeachtile *1O.O *1O.O &5.o *5
from the work size thickness. (The thickness shall be
declaredbythemanufacture)
c) Straightness ofsided) (facial sides)
B
Themaximumdeviation fromstraightnessinpercentrelated *0.75 *0.5 M.s *0.2
10thecorresponding size
d) Rectangularity
‘f’hcmaximumdeviation fromrectangularity inpercent +1.0 +0.6 *0.6 0.2
relatedtothecorrespondingworksizes
e) .$wfaceffatness
1) Centrecuwature, relatedtodiagonal cdculatedfronlthc *IO fo.5 ?0.5 *0.3
worksizes
2) Edgecrrrvature,relatedtothecorresponding worksize 11.0 *0.5 *0.5 ?0.3
3) Warpage,relatedtodiagonal calculatedfromthework tl.o +0.5 +0.5 to.3
— sizes
ii) Surface Qualityz) ftinimum percent o the tiles s] 11be free B
rom visible defects that would impair the
tmearanceofamaiorareaoftiles
iii) Physical Properties
O Waterabsorptionbyweight3) iverage<0.5 percent,individual0.6,Mm c
b) Breaking sfrengrh, inN
1) Thickness~7.5mm 300,Min
2) Thickness<7.5mm ’00,Min
D
c) Modulusofrupture, inN/mmzNotapplicabletotileswith iverage35,individual 32,Min
breakingstrength>3000 N t
d) Abrusion resistance)
Resistancetodeepabrasionofunglazedtiles:removed 75,Max E
volumeinmm3
—
iv) Chemical Properties
a) Resistancetochemicalss)
1) Resistancetolowconcentrations ofacids andalkaliesc) )
Thelevel ofresistance (Class)maybeas
2) Resistancetohighconcentrations ofacids andalkaliess)
agreed to between the manufacturer and F
3) Resistancetohousehold chemicals andswimming pool thepurchaseroftheproduct
saltsc)
b) Resistancetoconcentrated HN03and HJOA .ossinmass nottoexceed 1.5percent G
IINotapplicablefortileshavingcurvedshapes.
“Becauseoffiringslightvariation fromthestandardcolourareunavoidable.Thisdoesnotarmlytointentional irremdarities ofcolour
variationofthe{ace;f tiles(whichcanbeunglazed)orthecolourvariationoveratileareath;t ;Scharacteristic for;his typeoftileand
desirable. Spotsorcoloured dotswhichareintroduced fordecorativepurposesarenotconsidered adefect.
‘)Avitrified tileisatilewithwaterabsorption ofamaximumindividual valueof0.5percent (sometimesdescribed asimpervious).
~)Referencemaybemade toAnnexDforthe abrasionresistance classification forallunglazed tiles intended foruse offloors.
$)ReferencemaybemadetoAnnexEforinformation regarding requirementWs fricfarrenon-compulsory but that arelisted as ‘t(3St
methodavailable’.
6)Ifthehuebecomesslightly different, thisisnotconsideredtobechemicaalttack.
2
IS 4457:2007
8.2 Sanlple Size and Criteria for Confornlity Table 2 Scale of Sampling and
Acceptance Number
In respect of characteristics covered under (see 6)
dimensions andtolerances (see 4)marking along with (Claases 8.2 and 8.2.1)
the requirements for straightness of sides and surface
sl No.ofTilesin Sample Acceptance
flatness (see5)thenumber oftiles tobe selected from
No. theLot Size No.
lotshallbe inaccordance with Table 2.The tiles shall
(1) (2) (3) (4)
beselectedatrandomfromthelot;fortheactualmethod
ofrandom selection 1S4905 maybe referred. Eachtile i) Upto8 5 0
inthe sample shall be examined for each ofthe above ii) 9-25 8 0
requirements. A tile failing in one or more of these iii) 26-50 13 0
requirements shall betermed asadefective. iv) 51-100 20 1
v) 101-500 32 2
8.2.1 The lot shall be considered as conforming to
vi) 501andabove 50 3
these requirements, ifthe number of defective inthe
sample does notexceed thecorresponding acceptance 8.2.2.2 For lots containing 101 to 300 tiles one test
number inTable 2. and for lots containing more than 300 tiles two tests,
for each of the requirements not covered under 8.2.1
8.2.2 [n respect of all the other requirements the
shall be conducted on samples taken at random from
following procedure shall be adopted.
those already inspected andfound satisfactory in8.2.1.
8.2.2.1 Forlots containing upto 100tiles the number Thelotshallbeconsidered asconforming, ifinrespect
of tests and criteria for conformity in respect of the of each of these requirements each sample tested is
fcquiretnents not covered in8.2.1 shall be agreed. found satisfactory.
ANNEX A
(Clause 2)
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS
[SNo. Title IS No. Title
264: ~005 Nitric acid — Specification (third 2303:1994 Methodofgradingglassforalkalinity
revision) (jirst revision)
3400 Methods of test for vulcanized
266:1993 Sulphuric acid (third revision)
(Part 2): 1995 rubbers: Part 2 Hardness (second
460 Specification fortestsieves: Part 1 revision)
(Part 1): 1985 Wire cloth test sieves (third 4860:1968 Specification foracid-resistantbricks
revision)
4905:1968 Methods for random sampling
2062:1999 Steel for general purposes (fifth 11643:1985 Specification for silicon carbide for
revision) bonded abrasive products
3
mill I .,J.—-— .—-— . ..— —
IS 4457:2007
ANNEX B
(Table 1)
DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONS AND SURFACE QUALITY
B-1 GENERAL tiles and the average length and width of
oblong tiles;
B-1.l ThisAnnex covers methods fordetermining the
e) Deviationinpercentoftheaveragesizeofeach
dimensional characteristics (length, width, thickness,
tile(2or4 sides)fromtheworksize;and
straightness of sides, rectangularity, surface flatness)
andthe surface quality of all ceramic tiles. f) Deviation in percent of the average size of
each tile (2 or 4 sides) from the average size
B-1.2 Tiles with area lessthan 400 mmzare excluded
ofthe 10test specimens (20 or40 sides).
from measurements of length, width, thickness,
straightness of sides, rectangularity, and surface B-3 MEASUREMENTS OF THICKNESS
flatness.
B-3.1 Apparatus
B-1.3 Spacer lugs, glaze bobs and other irregularities
Micrometer screw gauge with anvils of 5to 10mm
of the sides shall be ignored when measuring length,
diameter, or other suitable apparatus.
width,andstraightness ofsides,rectangularity, ifthese
are subsequently hidden inthejoints after fixing.
B-3.2 Test Specimens
B-2 MEASUREMENTS OF LENGTH AND Tenwhole tiles ineach type shall be tested.
WIDTH
B-3.3 Procedure
B-2.1 Apparatus
B-3.3.1 For alltiles except split tiles, draw diagonals
Vernier calipers or other suitable apparatus for linear
between the comers and measure the thickness atthe
measurement.
thickestpointwithineachofthefoursegments.Measure
thethickness ofeachtileunder test infourpositions to
B-2.2 Test Specimens
anaccuracy of 0.1 mm.
Tenwhole tiles ineach type shall be tested.
B-3.3.2 For split tiles, draw four lines atright angles
across the extruded projections of 1/8,3/8, 5/8,7/8 of
B-2.3 Procedure
the length measured from the end. Measure the
Measure each side of the tile under test at positions thickness atthe thickest point on each line.
5mm from the corners. Measureme n ts shall be made
tothe nearest 0.1 mm. B-3.4 Expression of Results
For all tiles the average thickness of each individual
B-2.4 Expression of Results
tile isthe average of four measurements. The average
The average dimension of square tiles is the average thickness of the sample is the average of 40
of four measurements. The average dimension of the measurements.
sampleistheaverage of40measurements. For oblong
tiles, each similar pair of sides of a tile provides the B-3.5 Test Report
appropriate average dimension of the tile, an average
The test report shall contain the following
of two measurements. The average dimensions for
length and width are the average of 20 measurements a) Adescription ofthe tiles;
each. b) All measurements ofthickness;
c) Averagethickness ofeachtest specimen, and
B-2.5 Test Report
d) Deviation inpercent ofthe average thickness
The testreport shall contain the following of each tile (2 or 4 sides) from the work size
thickness.
a) Description ofthe tiles;
b) All measurements of length and width; B-4 MEASUREMENTS OF STRAIGHTNESS OF
c) Averagesizeofeachtest specimen forsquare SIDES
tiles, and the average length and width for
B-4.1 Terminology
each oblong tile;
d) Average size of 10test specimens for squa re For the purpose of measurement of straightness of
4
11111111111 .“ ..-. -”- -———— . ......... .
!llE
IS 445’?:2007
ceramic tiles according to this standard, the following calibrating plate (seeFig. 3),deviation inpercent from
definition shall apply. rectangularity isdefined as:
B-4.1.1 Straightness of Sides — Defined as the
=:XIOO
deviation from straightness ofthe centre oftheside in
theplane ofthetile. The measurement isonlyrelevant
where
tothestraight sides oftiles (see Fig. 1).
~= deviation oftheoutercomer ofthesideofthe
B-4.2 Apparatus tile (measured 5mm from the comer) from
the inner side ofthe calibrating plate, and
B-4.2.1 An apparatus as shown in Fig. 2, or other
suitable apparatus such as steel square, The dial L= length of the adjacent sides of the tile,
gauge (A) is used for measuring the straightness of
B-5.2 Apparatus
sides.
B-5.2.1 AnapparatusasshowninFig.2,orothersuitable
B-4.2.2 A calibrating plate made of steel of accurate
apparatus such as steel square. The dial gauge (B) is
dimensions and with straight flat sides.
used for measuring the rectangularity of sides,
B-4.3 Test Specimens
B-5.2.2 Acalibrating plate, made ofsteel ofaccurate
Tenwhole tiles ineach type shall be tested. dimensions andwith straight flat sides.
B-4,4 Procedure B-5.3 TestSpecimens
B-4.4.1 Select an apparatus of the appropriate Tenwhole tiles ineach type shall be tested.
dimensions so that, when a tile is placed in the
B-5.4 Procedure
apparatus, the locating studs are 5mm from the each
corner ofthe side being measured. B-5.4,1 Select an apparatus of the appropriate
dimensions so that, when a tile is placed in the
B-4.4,2 Fit the appropriate calibrating plate exactly
apparatus, the locating studs are 5mm from the each
intoposition inthe instrument andadjustthedia}gauge
corner ofthe side being measured. The plunger ofthe
reading to asuitable known value.
dial gauge (B) shall also be 5mm from the corner of
B-4.4.3 Removethecalibrating plate,placetheproper the tile onthe side being measured.
surfaceofthetileonthe locating studsintheapparatus
B-5.4.2 Fit the appropriate calibrating plate exactly
and record the dial gauge reading inthe centre of the
intoposition intheinstrument andadjustthedialgauge
side. Rotate the tile, if square, to obtain four
reading to asuitable known value.
measurements. Repeat this procedure for each tile. In
the case of oblong tiles, use separate instruments of B-5.4.3 Removethecalibrating plate,placetheproper
the appropriate dimensions to m easure lengths and surface ofthetileonthe locating studsintheapparatus
width. Measure to an accuracy of 0.1 mm. andrecordthedialgaugereading 5mmfromthecomer.
Rotate the tile, ifsquare, toobtain four measurements.
B-4.5 Test Report
Repeatthisprocedure foreachtile.Inthecaseofoblong
The test report contains the following: tiles, use separate instruments of the appropriate
dimensions tomeasure lengths and width. Measure to
a) Adescription ofthe tiles;
anaccuracy of 0,1 mm.
b) All measurements of straightness of sides;
and B-5.5 Expression of Results
c) Maximum deviation from straightness in Rectangularity shall be expressed as a percentage of
percent, related to the corresponding work the length and width for oblong tiles; and the size for
sizes. square tiles.
B-5 MEASUREMENT OF RECTANGULARITY B-5.6 Test Report
B-5.1 Terminology The testreport contains the following:
For the purpose of measurement of rectangularity of a) Adescription ofthe tiles;
ceramic tiles according to this standard, the following
b) All measurements ofrectangularity; and
definition shall apply.
c) Maximum deviation from rectangularity in
B-5.1.1 Deviation from Rectangularity — Ifacorner percent, related to the corresponding work
of the tile is placed against the angle of an accurate sizes.
5
2-~14 BISINDI07
