Is-136 Tdma Technology, Economics and Services (Artech House Mobile Communications Library)

325 Pages·1998·5.76 MB·English

by  Lawrence J. Harte

IS-136 TDMA Technology,
Economics, and Services
IS-136 TDMA Technology,
Economics, and Services
Lawrence Harte
Adrian Smith
Charles A. Jacobs
Artech House
Boston • London
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Harte,Lawrence.
IS-136TDMAtechnology,economics,andservices/LawrenceHarte.
p. cm.—(ArtechHousemobilecommunicationslibrary)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-89006-713-9 (alk.paper)
1.Timedivisionmultipleaccess. 2.Wirelesscommunication
systems—Standards. I.Series.
TK5103.486.H37 1998
621.382—dc21 98-33856
CIP
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Harte,Lawrence
IS-136TDMAtechnology,economics,andservices
1.Mobilecommunicationsystems 2.Cellularradio
I.Title
621.3’84’56
ISBN0-89006-713-9
CoverdesignbyLyndaFishbourne
©1998ARTECHHOUSE,INC.
685CantonStreet
Norwood,MA02062
Allrightsreserved.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthisbook
may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in-
cludingphotocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,with-
outpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobetrademarksorservicemarkshave
beenappropriatelycapitalized.ArtechHousecannotattesttotheaccuracyofthisinforma-
tion.Useofaterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofanytrade-
markorservicemark.
InternationalStandardBookNumber:0-89006-713-9
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:98-33856
10987654321
ToJacquelynGottlieb,theloveofmylife;myparentsVirginiaandLawrenceM.
Harte;mychildrenLawrenceWilliamandDanielleElizabeth;andalltherestofmy
lovingfamily. Lawrence
Tomyfellowlong-terminmatesattheRTPResidenceInnwhohammeredoutthedraft
specificationforadigitalcontrolchannel,themembersofTR45.3whocreated
IS-136,andthepeoplewhodesignedandbuilttheinitialphoneandinfrastructure
equipment.Thisefforthasnowclearlypaidoffwithasuccessful,unique,andversatile
wirelesscommunicationssystem.AlsotomyfiancéeDebsforprovidinghersupport
duringwhathasbeenquiteahectictime! Adrian
IdedicatethisbooktomywifePamandtwosonsMichaelandPhillip.Theirloveand
supportgivemetheconfidenceandfocusIneedtobesuccessfulwhileremembering
thatlifeisaboutfamily. Charles
Contents
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxiii
1 Introduction to Cellular and PCS 1
1.1 Whatiscellular? 3
1.2 WhatisPCS? 4
1.3 CellularandPCSobjectives 6
1.3.1 Abilitytoservemanycustomers 6
1.3.2 Efficientuseofradiospectrum 6
1.3.3 Nationwidecompatibility 7
1.3.4 Widespreadavailability 7
1.3.5 Adaptabilitytohighusagearearequirements 7
1.3.6 Servicetomobilevehiclesandportablephones 8
1.3.7 Supportofspecialservices 8
vii
viii IS-136 TDMA Technology, Economics, and Services
1.3.8 Telephonequalityofservice 8
1.3.9 Affordability 8
1.4 FormsofcellularandPCS 9
1.4.1 AMPS 9
1.4.2 NAMPS 10
1.4.3 TDMA 11
1.4.4 Globalsystemformobilecommunications 12
1.4.5 Codedivisionmultipleaccess 13
1.5 CellularandPCSparts 14
1.5.1 Mobilephones 14
1.5.2 Basestation 18
1.5.3 Mobileswitchingcenter 19
1.5.4 Networkinterconnection 21
1.6 Industrystandardgroups 21
1.6.1 TelecommunicationsIndustryAssociation 21
1.6.2 AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute 22
1.6.3 UniversalWirelessCommunicationsConsortium 22
2 Analog Cellular Technology 23
2.1 Functionaldescription 24
2.2 Analogtechnology 26
2.2.1 Voicesignalprocessing 26
2.2.2 Channelmultiplexing 28
2.2.3 Modulation 29
2.2.4 RFamplification 31
2.3 Systemparameters 32
2.3.1 Channelfrequencyallocation 32
2.3.2 Radiofrequencypowerlevels 34
2.3.3 Modulationlimits 34
2.3.4 Radiochannelstructure 34
2.4 Systemsecurity 37
2.5 Signaling 38
Contents ix
2.5.1 Forwardcontrolchannel 38
2.5.2 Reversecontrolchannel 40
2.5.3 Voicechannelsignaling 40
2.6 Systemoperation 43
2.6.1 Access 44
2.6.2 Paging 45
2.6.3 Hand-off 45
3 IS-136 TDMA Technology 47
3.1 Technologyrequirements 48
3.1.1 Newfeatures 48
3.1.2 Increasedcapacity 49
3.1.3 Newfeatures 49
3.1.4 Equipmentavailability 50
3.1.5 Voicequality 50
3.1.6 CompatibilitywithAMPSandIS-54Bsystems 50
3.2 IS-136radiotechnology 50
3.2.1 Voicedigitization 51
3.2.2 Speechdatacompression 51
3.2.3 Channelcoding 53
3.2.4 Modulation 53
3.2.5 RFpower 54
3.2.6 Frequencyallocation 54
3.3 Thedigitaltrafficchannelenvironment 56
3.3.1 Radiochannelstructure 56
3.3.2 Slotstructure 59
3.3.3 Trafficchannelsignaling 63
3.3.4 Dual-tonemultifrequencysignaling 65
3.3.5 Mobileassistedhand-off 66
3.4 Thedigitalcontrolchannelenvironment 67
3.4.1 DCCHbasicoperation 67
3.4.2 DCCHburstformat 68
3.4.3 Superframeandhyperframeformats 72
x IS-136 TDMA Technology, Economics, and Services
3.5 Logicalchannels 76
3.5.1 Broadcastchannel 77
3.5.2 SMS,paging,andaccesschannel(SPACH) 77
3.5.3 Randomaccesschannel(RACH) 78
3.5.4 Sharedchannelfeedback 80
3.6 Layeredstructure 81
3.6.1 Physicallayer(layer1) 82
3.6.2 Datalink(layer2) 83
3.6.3 Transport(layer3) 83
3.6.4 Applicationlayers 84
3.6.5 Errorprocedures 84
3.7 Digitalcontrolchanneloperations 85
3.7.1 Systemandcontrolchannelselection 86
3.7.2 Systemandcontrolchannelreselection 88
3.7.3 Hierarchicalcellstructures 90
3.7.4 Systemregistration 94
3.7.5 Mobile-assistedchannelallocation(MACA) 98
3.7.6 Callprocessing 99
3.7.7 Authenticationandprivacy 100
3.7.8 Teleservicetransport 101
3.8 Identitystructure 103
3.8.1 Mobilephoneidentities 103
3.8.2 Systemidentitystructures 104
4 TDMA Mobile Telephones 109
4.1 Man-machineinterface 110
4.1.1 Audiointerface 110
4.1.2 Display 112
4.1.3 Keypad 112
4.1.4 Accessoryinterface 113
4.2 Radiofrequencysection 114
4.2.1 Transmitter 115
Contents xi
4.2.2 Receiver 115
4.2.3 Antenna 116
4.3 Signalprocessing 116
4.3.1 Speechcompression 117
4.3.2 Channelcoding 118
4.3.3 Audioprocessing 118
4.3.4 Logiccontrolsection 119
4.3.5 Subscriberidentity 119
4.4 Powersupply 120
4.4.1 Batteries 121
4.4.2 Batterychargers 122
4.4.3 IS-136standbyandtalktime 123
4.5 Accessories 123
4.5.1 Hands-freespeakerphone 123
4.5.2 Smartaccessories 124
4.5.3 Softwaredownloadtransferequipment 125
4.5.4 Antennas 126
4.6 EIA-553AMPStelephone 127
4.7 IS-136TDMAtelephone 129
4.8 Analogcallprocessing 131
4.8.1 Initialization 133
4.8.2 Idle 133
4.8.3 Systemaccess 133
4.8.4 Conversation 134
4.9 IS-136callprocessing 135
4.9.1 Scanningandlocking 135
4.9.2 Camping 135
4.9.3 Access 136
4.9.4 Conversation 137
4.9.5 FACCHandSACCH 137
4.9.6 Mobileassistedhand-off(MAHO) 137
4.9.7 Hand-off 137
xii IS-136 TDMA Technology, Economics, and Services
4.9.8 Voiceprivacy 138
4.9.9 Discontinuoustransmission 138
4.9.10 Callcompletion 138
5 TDMA Networks 139
5.1 Cellsites 140
5.1.1 Transmittersection 141
5.1.2 Receiversection 142
5.1.3 Controller 142
5.1.4 Communicationslinks 143
5.1.5 Antennasystem 143
5.1.6 Powersuppliesandbackupenergysources 144
5.1.7 Cellsiterepeaters 144
5.1.8 Themobileswitchingcenter(MSC) 145
5.1.9 Communicationslinks 147
5.1.10 Homelocationregister(HLR) 147
5.1.11 Visitorlocationregister(VLR) 148
5.1.12 Billingcenter 148
5.1.13 Authenticationcenter(AC) 149
5.1.14 Messagecenter/teleserviceserver 149
5.1.15 Voice-mailsystems 149
5.1.16 Powersupplies 150
5.2 Publicswitchedtelephonenetworkinterconnection 150
5.3 System interconnection 152
5.3.1 Intersystemhand-off 152
5.3.2 Roamervalidation 152
5.3.3 Automaticcalldelivery 154
5.3.4 Automaticroaming 154
5.4 Privatesystems 157
5.4.1 Toolsforprivate-systemengineering 158
5.4.2 Aprivate-systemexample 158
5.4.3 Private-systemmicrocellconfiguration 159