IPTV Delivery Networks: Next Generation Architectures for Live and Video-on-Demand Services

372 Pages·2018·6.56 MB·English

by  Suliman Mohamed Fati

IPTVDeliveryNetworks
IPTV Delivery Networks
NextGenerationArchitecturesforLiveand
Video-on-DemandServices
Editedby
SulimanMohamedFati
FacultyofInformationTechnologyandScience,INTIInternational
University,Malaysia
SaifulAzad
FacultyofComputerSystems&SoftwareEngineering,University
MalaysiaPahang,Malaysia
Al-SakibKhanPathan
CSEDepartment,SoutheastUniversity,Bangladesh
Thiseditionfirstpublished2018
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-Publicationdataappliedfor
ISBN:9781119397915
CoverdesignbyWiley
Coverimage:©RobertDaly/GettyImages
Setin10/12ptWarnockProbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
‘Tomyparents,whoseutmosteffortsandprayersarealwayswithme
Tomybelovedwife,andmykids–SuhailandSama’
SulimanMohamedFati
‘Tomybelovedlatefather,forhisconstantencouragement,
loveandbelief’
SaifulAzad
‘Tomytwolittledaughters–RumaysaandRufaida’
Al-SakibKhanPathan
vii
Contents
ListofContributors xvii
EditorBiographies xxi
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgement xxvii
PartI IPTVDeliveryNetworksFundamentals 1
1 IPTV:DeliveringTVServicesoverIPNetworks 3
SulimanMohamedFatiandPutraSumari
1.1 Overview 3
1.2 InternetProtocolTelevision 4
1.3 EvolutionofTVtoIPTV 6
1.3.1 IPTVServices 7
1.3.2 IPTVStandardisation 8
1.3.3 GeneralArchitectureofIPTV 9
1.4 IPTVDeliveryNetwork 10
1.5 EvolutionoftheDeliveryNetwork 11
1.5.1 IPTVDeliveryNetworkCharacteristicsandChallenges 15
1.6 TheKeyIssuesofIPTVDeliveryNetworks 17
1.7 Conclusion 18
References 19
viii Contents
2 IPTVStreamingClassification 25
MiguelMasciopinto,PedroComesaña,andFernando
Pérez-González
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Framework 29
2.2.1 IPTVDescription 30
2.2.2 IPTVBitrateFootprint 32
2.3 ClassificationScheme 33
2.3.1 SVMClassifier 36
2.4 ExperimentalSetup 36
2.4.1 DatabaseConstruction 37
2.4.2 Training/TestSet-Partitioning 38
2.4.3 ClassificationPerformanceMeasures 41
2.5 ExperimentalResults 44
2.5.1 TSSvs.OFSClassification 45
2.5.2 TSSTernary(DVDvs.DVB-Svs.DVB-T)Classification 47
2.5.3 TSSBinary(DVB-Svs.DVB-T)Classification 50
2.5.4 OFSBinary(DVB-Svs.DVB-T)Classification 53
2.5.5 RelevanceoftheUsedStatistics 55
2.6 Conclusions 59
Acknowledgement 60
References 60
3 EfficientIPTVDeliveryoverEPON 65
AliAkbarNikoukar,I-ShyanHwang,andAndrewTannyLiem
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 BroadbandAccessNetworkTechnologies 67
3.3 LiveIPTVDeliveryoverEPON 76
3.3.1 HardwareArchitecture 78
3.3.2 MulticastProtocolDesign 80
3.3.3 Pre-requestBroadcastingMechanism 81
3.3.4 Performanceevaluation 85
3.4 Conclusions 88
References 88
4 ContentAwarenessinIPTVDeliveryNetworks 93
SulimanMohamedFatiandPutraSumari
4.1 Introduction 93
4.2 TheKeyChallengesinIPTVDeliveryNetworks 97
Contents ix
4.2.1 RequestDistributionAlgorithmsinIPTVDelivery
Networks 97
4.2.2 CostReductioninIPTVDeliveryNetworks 102
4.2.2.1 ReplicaPlacementSchemesinIPTVDelivery
Networks 103
4.2.2.2 ResourceAllocationSchemesinIPTVDelivery
Networks 105
4.3 ContentStatusIssueinIPTVDeliveryNetworks 108
4.3.1 UnawarenessofContentStatusinReplicaPlacement
Schemes 109
4.3.2 UnawarenessofContentStatusinRequestDistribution
Algorithms 110
4.3.3 UnawarenessofContentStatusinResource
Allocation 110
4.4 IPTVContentStatusModelling:ANewDirection 111
4.4.1 IPTVContentStatusModelling 112
4.4.2 ExperimentalResults 114
4.5 Conclusion 118
References 119
PartII QoSandQoEforIPTVDelivery
Networks 127
5 ZappingDelayReductioninIPTVSystems 129
AlirezaAbdollahpouri
5.1 Introduction 129
5.2 AReviewoftheExistingStudies 131
5.2.1 ReduceI-FrameAcquisitionDelay 131
5.2.1.1 UseAdditionalStream 131
5.2.1.2 InsertingExtraI-FramesandReductionintheSizeof
GOP 132
5.2.2 Prediction-BasedMechanisms 133
5.2.3 TechniquesBasedonScalableVideoCoding 134
5.2.4 TechniquesBasedonIGMPSchemes 134
5.3 Prediction-BasedPrejoiningMethodinWiMAX
Networks 136
5.3.1 ModellingtheBehaviourofaSingleIPTVUser,Duringan
ONSession 137
5.4 PerformanceEvaluation 142
x Contents
5.5 FutureDirectionsforResearch 146
5.6 Conclusion 147
References 147
6 Channel-ZappingTimeinIPTV:Challengesand
Solutions 151
SajjadZare,SeyyedMohammadHosseiniVerki,andAkbar
GhaffarpourRahbar
6.1 Introduction 151
6.1.1 IPTVNetworkInfrastructure 151
6.1.1.1 BasicIPTVSystem 152
6.1.1.2 IPMulticastinIPTVArchitecture 153
6.1.1.3 P2PIPTVArchitecture 153
6.1.2 BusinessModels 154
6.1.2.1 FreetoAir(FTA) 154
6.1.2.2 PPV 155
6.1.2.3 Subscription 155
6.1.2.4 ALaCarte 155
6.2 ChallengesinChannel-ZappingTime 155
6.2.1 Jitter 156
6.2.2 LimitedBandwidth 156
6.2.3 ElementsofZappingDelay 156
6.3 ProposedMethodsforReducingChannel-Zapping
Time 158
6.3.1 Client-BasedMethods 158
6.3.1.1 Pre-JoiningNeighbouringChannels 158
6.3.1.2 TrackingUserBehaviour 159
6.3.1.3 OrderingPre-JoinChannelsintheList 161
6.3.2 Content-BasedMethods 163
6.3.3 Network-BasedMethods 167
6.3.3.1 ImprovingZapResponseTimeforIPTV 169
6.3.3.2 ANovelChannelSwitchingScenarioinMulticastIPTV
Networks 169
6.3.3.3 IGMPforIPTVServicesinPassiveOpticalNetworks 170
6.3.3.4 ImplementationofEIGMPforFastIPTVChannelChange
inGEPON 171
6.3.3.5 AdvancedSchemetoReduceIPTVChannel-Zapping
Time 172
6.3.4 HybridMethods 172
Contents xi
6.3.4.1 AnEffectiveIPTVChannelControlAlgorithmConsidering
Channel-ZappingTimeandNetworkUtilisation 172
6.3.4.2 MulticastInstantChannelChange(ICC)inIPTV
Systems 174
6.3.4.3 IPTVChannelSwitchingDelayReductionThrough
PredictingSubscribers’BehavioursandPreferences 175
6.3.5 Programme-BasedMethods 176
6.4 Discussion 177
6.5 Summary 180
References 180
7 DeliveringHigh-DefinitionIPTVServicesover
IP-BasedNetworks 185
SeongikHong
7.1 Introduction 185
7.2 HDVideoCompression 188
7.2.1 IssuesforHDVideoTransmission 188
7.2.1.1 Issue1:LargeBandwidthRequirements 188
7.2.1.2 Issue2:QoS 189
7.2.1.3 Issue3:NetworkResponsiveness/InstantChannel
Change 189
7.2.2 Solutions 190
7.2.2.1 Solution1:SolvingLargeBandwidthRequirements 190
7.2.2.2 Solution2-1:QoS:ProtocolsandNetworks 192
7.2.2.3 Solution2-2:QoS:ReducingPacketLoss 194
7.2.2.4 Solution3:SolvingInstantChannelChangeIssue 197
7.3 FutureTrends 198
7.4 Conclusion 199
References 199
8 IPTVNetworkSecurity:Threatsand
Countermeasures 203
M.S.A.NomanRanak,SaifulAzad,B.M.F.KamalRuhee,N.Nourin
Nisa,NazrulKabir,MohammedMostafizurRahman,andKamalZ.
Zamli
8.1 Introduction 203
8.2 ThreatsonIPTVDeliveryNetworks 204
8.2.1 TheftorAbuseofNetworkAssets 206
8.2.2 TheftofService 206