Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach

848 Pages·2015·16.12 MB·English

by  Mark S. Cracolice

Preface i
Introductory
Chemistry
SIXth EdItIon
An Active Learning Approach
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Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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Preface iii
Introductory
Chemistry
SIXth EdItIon
An Active Learning Approach
Mark S. Cracolice
University of Montana
Edward I. Peters
Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning © 2016, 2013 Cengage Learning
Approach, Sixth Edition
WCN: 02-200-203
Mark S. Cracolice, Edward I. Peters
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Printed in the United States of America
Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2014
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dedication
This book is dedicated to the memory of Robert R. Madsen (1945–2012),
who was a science instructor at Chief Dull Knife College in Lame Deer,
Montana, located within the Northern Cheyenne Nation. Bob was a tireless
advocate for improvement of the quality of STEM education within the State
of Montana, with an emphasis on STEM education for Native Americans.
Bob was a masterful collaborator who mentored many students in authentic
research experiences and helped in the reform of STEM education both
locally and statewide, and I cannot adequately express how selfless and
dedicated he was to his profession.
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents Overview
1 Introduction to Chemistry and Introduction to Active Learning 1
2 Matter and Energy 17
3 Measurement and Chemical Calculations 45
4 Introduction to Gases 93
5 Atomic Theory: The Nuclear Model of the Atom 119
6 Chemical Nomenclature 141
7 Chemical Formula Relationships 179
8 Chemical Reactions 203
9 Chemical Change 229
10 Quantity Relationships in Chemical Reactions 263
11 Atomic Theory: The Quantum Model of the Atom 295
12 Chemical Bonding 327
13 Structure and Shape 349
14 The Ideal Gas Law and Its Applications 383
15 Gases, Liquids, and Solids 411
16 Solutions 447
17 Acid–Base (Proton Transfer) Reactions 487
18 Chemical Equilibrium 515
19 Oxidation–Reduction (Electron Transfer) Reactions 553
20 Nuclear Chemistry 581
21 Organic Chemistry 607
22 Biochemistry 647
Chapter Summaries 675
Appendix I Chemical Calculations 707
Appendix II The SI System of Units 717
Glossary 719
Index 733
vii
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents
1 Introduction to Chemistry
and Introduction to Active
Learning 1
1-1 Introduction to Chemistry: Lavoisier
and the Beginning of Experimental
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1-5 Introduction to Active Learning: Your
Textbook 11
1-6 A Choice 16
2 Matter and Energy 17
2-1 Representations of Matter: Models and Symbols 17
2-2 States of Matter 20
2-3 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes 23
Everyday Chemistry 2-1 The Ultimate Physical Property? 27
2-4 Pure Substances and Mixtures 28
2-5 Separation of Mixtures 30
2-6 Elements and Compounds 32
2-7 The Electrical Character of Matter 37
2-8 Characteristics of a Chemical Change 38
2-9 Conservation Laws and Chemical Change 40
3 Measurement and Chemical Calculations 45
3-1 Scientific Notation 45
3-2 Conversion Factors 50
3-3 A Strategy for Solving Quantitative Chemistry Problems 54
3-4 Introduction to Measurement 60
3-5 Metric Units 60
3-6 Significant Figures 66
3-7 Significant Figures in Calculations 70
Everyday Chemistry 3-1 Should the United States Convert to
Metric Units? An Editorial 76
3-8 Metric–USCS Conversions 77
3-9 Temperature 80
3-10 Proportionality and Density 83
3-11 Thoughtful and Reflective Practice 87
viii
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.