Introduction to Wireless Local Loop: Broadband and Narrowband Systems (Artech House Mobile Communications Library.)

421 Pages·2000·1.45 MB·English

by  William Webb

Introduction to Wireless Local Loop,
Second Edition:
Broadband and Narrowband Systems
Introduction to Wireless Local Loop,
Second Edition:
Broadband and Narrowband Systems
William Webb
Artech House
Boston (cid:149) London
www.artechhouse.com
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Webb,William,1967(cid:150)
Introductiontowirelesslocalloop:broadbandandnarrowband
systems/WilliamWebb.(cid:151)2nded.
p. cm.(cid:151)(ArtechHousemobilecommunicationsseries)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN1-58053-071-0(alk.paper)
1.Wirelesscommunicationsystems. 2.Telecommunication(cid:151)Switching
systems. 3.Localloop(Telephony). I.Title. II.ArtechHouse
mobilecommunicationslibrary.
TK5103.2.W43 2000
384.5(cid:146)36(cid:151)dc21 00-29990
CIP
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Webb,William,1967(cid:150)
Introductiontowirelesslocalloop:broadbandand
narrowbandsystems.(cid:151)2nded.(cid:151)(ArtechHousemobile
communicationslibrary)
1.Wirelesscommunicationsystems 2.Telecommunication(cid:151)
Switchingsystems
I.Title
384.5(cid:146)35
ISBN 1-58053-071-0
CoverdesignbyIgorValdman
'2000ARTECHHOUSE,INC.
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InternationalStandardBookNumber:1-58053-071-0
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:00-29990
10987654321
Contents
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
PartI Settingthescene 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Whatiswirelesslocalloop? 3
1.2 Whyabookonwirelesslocalloop? 5
1.3 Acronymsandterminology 6
1.4 Howtoreadthisbook 7
2 Theconvergingworldoftelephony,TV,
andcomputers 9
2.1 Averyconfusedglobalmarketplace 9
2.2 Telecommunications 11
2.3 Broadcasting 13
2.4 Computing 15
2.5 TheimpactofIPonconvergence 16
v
vi IntroductiontoWirelessLocalLoop
2.6 Thenewcompetingenvironment 17
2.7 Predictingwhattheuserwillrequire 19
Reference 22
3 Accesstechnologies 23
3.1 Access 23
3.2 Accessviatwistedpair 25
3.2.1 Voicebandmodems 25
3.2.2 ISDN 26
3.2.3 xDSLtechnologies 27
3.3 Accessviacoax 32
3.4 AccessviaTVbroadcast 34
3.5 Accessviamobileradio 35
3.5.1 Cellularsystems 35
3.5.2 Cordlesssystems 37
3.6 AccessviaWLL 37
3.6.1 Narrowbandsystems 38
3.6.2 Broadbandsystems 38
3.7 Accessviapower-linetechnology 39
3.8 Summaryofaccesstechnologies 39
References 40
PartII Whywireless? 43
4 Telecommunicationsenvironmentsworldwide 45
4.1 Theworldtelecommunicationsenvironment 45
4.2 Developingcountries 47
4.3 EasternEurope 50
4.4 FirstWorldcountries 53
Contents vii
4.4.1 Highpenetration,limitedcompetition 54
4.4.2 Highpenetration,highcompetition 56
4.4.3 TheU.K.marketplace 57
4.5 HistoryofWLL 60
4.6 Thebusinessofsubsidization 64
Reference 65
5 Theeconomicsofwirelessversusfixed 67
5.1 Theeconomicsoftelecommunicationssystems 67
5.2 Thecostofwiredsystems 68
5.3 Thecostofwirelesssystems 71
5.4 Hybridsystems 74
5.5 Marketforecasts 75
5.5.1 Forecastingmethodology 78
Reference 79
6 Wirelesslocalloopmarkets 81
6.1 Introduction 81
6.2 Whatwentwrong? 82
6.3 Howthemarketwillchangeinthefuture 84
PartIII Technicalinformationaboutwireless 87
7 Radiopropagation 89
7.1 Introduction 89
7.1.1 Distance-relatedattenuation 90
7.1.2 Slowfading 91
7.1.3 Fastfading 91
7.2 Theline-of-sightchannel 94
viii IntroductiontoWirelessLocalLoop
7.2.1 Diffraction 94
7.2.2 Reflection 97
7.3 Timevariationinchannels 98
7.3.1 Fastfading 98
7.3.2 Newobstructions 99
7.3.3 Rainfall 99
7.4 Widebandchannels 100
7.5 FrequenciesforWLL 101
7.6 PredictingWLLcoverage 103
References 105
8 Radiosystems 107
8.1 Speechcoding 107
8.2 Error-correctioncodingandinterleaving 112
8.3 Ciphering 116
8.4 Modulation 117
8.5 Multipleaccess 118
8.5.1 FDMA 120
8.5.2 TDMA 122
8.5.3 CDMA 124
8.6 TheuseofspreadingcodesinaCDMAsystem 128
8.7 Orthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing 134
8.8 Packetandcircuitswitching 138
8.9 Timedivisionduplextransmission 139
References 140
9 TDMAorCDMA? 141
9.1 Introductiontothedebate 141
Contents ix
9.2 Capacitycomparison 142
9.2.1 TDMAcapacity 142
9.2.2 CDMAcapacity 142
9.2.3 WhythehighercapacitywithCDMA? 144
9.2.4 IsCDMAcapacityreallyhigher? 146
9.2.5 ShouldallWLLoperatorsuseCDMA? 146
9.3 Comparisonofotherfactors 146
9.3.1 Range 146
9.3.2 Sectorization 147
9.3.3 Frequencyplanning 148
9.3.4 Operationinunlicensedbands 148
9.3.5 Macrocellsversusmicrocells 149
9.3.6 Cost 149
9.3.7 Bandwidthflexibility 149
9.3.8 FH-CDMAversusDS-CDMA 150
9.3.9 CDMAforbroadbandapplications 150
9.4 Summary 151
Reference 152
PartIV Wirelessradiotechnologies 153
10 Overviewoftechnologies 155
10.1 Introduction 155
10.1.1 Standards 157
10.1.2 Adaptingequipment 157
10.1.3 Differingneeds 158
10.2 Standardizationactivities 158
10.3 Segmentingthetechnologies 160
10.4 Matchingthetechnologytotherequirement 161
10.5 Theimportantinformation 162
x IntroductiontoWirelessLocalLoop
11 Thecordlesstechnologies 165
11.1 Introduction 165
11.2 DECT 167
11.3 PHS 172
11.4 CT-2 173
11.5 Summaryofcordlesssystems 174
References 177
12 Thecellulartechnologies 179
12.1 Introduction 179
12.2 Analogcellular 180
12.3 Digitalcellular 181
12.3.1 GSM 182
12.3.2 cdmaOne 184
12.4 Futurecellularsystems 186
12.5 Summaryofcellularsystems 190
Reference 191
13 Theproprietarytechnologies 193
13.1 Introduction 193
13.2 TheTDMAtechnologies 194
13.2.1 NortelProximityI 194
13.2.2 InnowaveMultigain 195
13.3 TheCDMAtechnologies 196
13.3.1 AirspanCommunications 196
13.3.2 LucentAirLoop 197
13.3.3 InterdigitalBroadbandCDMA 200
13.3.4 GrangerCD2000 201
Contents xi
13.4 Othertechnologies 201
13.5 Summary 202
14 Thebroadbandtechnologies 205
14.1 Introduction 205
14.2 CanWLLprovidebroadbandservices? 210
14.2.1 TechnicalconstraintsonbroadbandWLLsystems 210
14.2.2 Practicalandeconomicconstraintson
broadbandsystems 214
14.3 MMDS 219
14.3.1 Upbandedcablemodems 221
14.4 LMDS 222
14.5 MVDSandotherTVdistributionsystems 226
14.5.1 CABSINET 228
14.6 WirelessLANsystems 229
14.7 HiperAccess 230
14.8 Broadbandproprietaryproducts 231
14.8.1 Floware 232
14.8.2 Telescicom 232
14.8.3 AdaptiveBroadbandandEnsemble 232
14.9 Meshnetworks 233
References 236
15 Choosingtherighttechnology 239
15.1 Introduction 239
15.2 Capacitycomparison 240
15.3 Costcomparison 241
15.4 Functionalitycomparison 242