Introduction to Homeland Defense and Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA): The U.S. Military’s Role to Support and Defend

218 Pages·2014·2.585 MB·English

by  McCreight, Robert, Tussing, Bert B

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FORENSICS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE in
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Introduction to Cr
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Homeland Defense and Defense t
Homeland Defense and Defense
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The U.S. Military’s Role to Support and Defend u
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The application of our armed forces within the states and territories of the United States is far t
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from intuitive. The challenges of defending the country against assaults within the homeland are H The U.S. Military’s Role to Support and Defend
much more complex than engaging our enemies on foreign soil. Likewise, the introduction of the o
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military’s appreciable capabilities in response to disasters, be they natural or manmade, comes
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with authorities and restrictions reflective of an American ethos that will always hold those forces la
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as the servants of the people, never their overseers. Introduction to Homeland Defense and
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Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA): The U.S. Military’s Role to Support and D
Defend examines the requirements and regulations that guide the utilization of our forces in the e
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domestic environment. e
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Topics include:

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• The importance of the distinctions between homeland security, homeland defense, n
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and Defense Support of Civil Authorities as they pertain to both authorities and
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responsibilities e
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• The deliberately subservient position of the military to civil authorities when engaged
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in response and recovery operations following a disaster s
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• The unique relationship between the United States Navy and the United States Coast Guard S
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in a mutually supportive effort that bridges requirements between defense on the high seas p
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and law enforcement in territorial waters
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• The air defense mission over the United States, orchestrating manned aircraft, unmanned t

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aircraft, and cruise missiles against threats of the same nature f

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• The exceptional challenges that would be associated with the application of land forces in a
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defense mission on American soil il

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• The development of the CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear) Enterprise as a u
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function of the nation’s focus on preventing, responding to and recovering from a weapons h
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of mass destruction attack
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• New challenges emerging in the domestic environment that will call for the application ie
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of military resources, to include the opening of the Arctic, complex catastrophes, and
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cybersecurity D
S Edited by
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) Bert B. Tussing • Robert McCreight
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w w w . c r c p r e s s . c o m

Introduction to
Homeland Defense and Defense
Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA)
The U.S. Military’s Role to Support and Defend

Introduction to
The U.S. Military’s Role to Support and Defend
Edited by
Bert B. Tussing
US Army War College
Center for Strategic Leadership and Development
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, USA
Robert McCreight
Penn State University
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20140908
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To my children and grandchildren, whom I shall ever defend.
And to my wife, my greatest and dearest defender.
BBT
Thanks to my wife Eileen, who patiently stood with me, and for the valuable
support and friendship of colleagues and experts who helped me learn
about national security, homeland security, and homeland defense.
RM

Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
About the Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Bert B. Tussing and Robert McCreight
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxiv
Chapter 1 — homeland Defense and homeland Security: Distinctions and
Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
James Jay Carafano
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
The Heart of the Homeland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
After the Towers Fell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Defense and Security—Viva la Différence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
After the Storm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
A Distant Call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Whither Homeland Security? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
vii
viii Contents
On the Border . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
State Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Whither the Future? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Discussion Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Chapter 2 — homeland Defense and Defense Support of Civil authorities:
philosophy and ethos, reality and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Bert B. Tussing
Beginning with Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Outside Expectations—Inside Demands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Logical Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Categories of Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
DoD’s Response Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Framing the Issue in Reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Joint Action Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Discussion Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Chapter 3 — Civil– Military partnership: homeland Defense enterprise . . . . . . . . . 37
Walter Neal Anderson
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
What Changed as a Result of 9/11? Defense Support of Civil Authorities
in Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
DoD’s Roles, Missions, and Organization for the Homeland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Legal and Policy Foundations of Defense Support of Civil Authorities . . . . . . . 44
Hurricane Katrina—A Watershed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Steps Taken Since Hurricane Katrina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Unity of Effort: Interagency Coordination and Building Trusting
Partnerships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Federal Interagency Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
The Joint Field Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
The Joint Interagency Coordination Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
DoD’s Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Recent Developments and the Future of DSCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63