Integration of Clean and Sustainable Energy Resources and Storage in Multi-Generation Systems: Design, Modeling and Robust Optimization

357 Pages·2020·14.228 MB·English

by  Farkhondeh Jabari, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, Mousa Mohammadpourfard

Farkhondeh Jabari
Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo
Mousa Mohammadpourfard   Editors
Integration of Clean
and Sustainable
Energy Resources
and Storage in
Multi-Generation
Systems
Design, Modeling and Robust
Optimization
Integration of Clean and Sustainable Energy
Resources and Storage in Multi-Generation Systems
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Farkhondeh Jabari Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo
Mousa Mohammadpourfard
Editors
Integration of Clean
and Sustainable Energy
Resources and Storage
in Multi-Generation Systems
Design, Modeling and Robust Optimization
Editors
FarkhondehJabari BehnamMohammadi-Ivatloo
DepartmentofPowerSystemOperation FacultyofElectricalandComputerEngineering
andPlanning UniversityofTabriz
NirooResearchInstitute(NRI) Tabriz,Iran
Tehran,Iran
DepartmentofEnergyTechnology
AalborgUniversity
MousaMohammadpourfard
Aalborg,Denmark
FacultyofChemicalandPetroleum
Engineering
UniversityofTabriz
Tabriz,Iran
ISBN978-3-030-42419-0 ISBN978-3-030-42420-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42420-6
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Preface
Recently, the application of clean and sustainable energy resources and storage
technologiesinpoly-generationsystemshasincreasedduetohugevalueofenergy
utilization and interdependency between power, water, heat, cool, hydrogen, etc.
production facilities. Meanwhile, robust co-optimization of multi-output systems
undervariousoperatingconditionsisvitaltoensuretechno-economicandenviron-
mentalbenefitsofrenewable-andstorage-basedhubnetworks.
Thisbookprovidesdesignprinciples,performanceassessment,andoptimization
ofmulti-productionsystemsfortransitionfromtraditionaloil-andgas-firedenergy
supplytogreennearzeroenergymicrogrids.
Chapter 1 reviews the concept of renewable energy-based multi-generation
systemsforproducinganumberofoutputs,suchaspower,heat,hotwater,cooling,
hydrogen,andfreshwateranddiscussesitseconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.
Chapter2reviewstheselectionofthestoragesfromcost-efficiencyandenergy-
efficiency viewpoints. Furthermore, updated approaches for selecting the storages
with high performance in order to cover the stochastic behavior of the power
system’s components are introduced. Moreover, different applications of the stor-
agesareanalyzed,andthisconcept’spractical objectivefunctions, constraints,and
usefultechnologiesareconsidered.Inaddition,acomprehensivecomparisonofthe
diverse kinds of storages which are applied for improving the level of the power
system’s operationis performed. Ultimately, a general deduction about thestorage
selectionandthefuturetrendofthisissuearepresentedregardingtheefficiencyof
thestoragesanduncertaintyofthepowersystem.
Chapter3categorizesvariouskindsoffluctuationsanduncertaintiesofrenewable
energyresourcesindifferenttimescaleswithintensities.Inaddition,differentESS
technologies and their characteristics, which are important in selecting them, are
surveyed. Each of these technologies could be used for different applications in
power systems. Finally, according to the type of fluctuations and uncertainties, the
appropriateoptionsofESSsareselectedbasedonthetechno-economicaspects.
Chapter 4 pays more attention to the solar-driven reliable energy-converting
systemsequippedwithauxiliaryequipmentforenergystorage.
v
vi Preface
Chapter 5 devises an innovative multi-generation system operated by a solar
tower power (STP) plant to produce cooling, power, freshwater, heating, and hot
water simultaneously. For this aim, a supercritical CO (S-CO ) power cycle (for
2 2
power,heating,andhotwatergeneration),atranscriticalCO (T-CO )refrigeration
2 2
cycle (for cooling production), and a humidification-dehumidification (HDH) unit
(for desalinating seawater) are used in a more efficient configuration. Due to
cumbersome task of the mathematical modeling of the unit, energy analysis of the
devised integrated system is performed in this chapter, and exergy and
exergoeconomicevaluationarepostponedtotheChap.6.
Chapter7proposesamulti-generationsystemfortheSabalangeothermalenergy
sourcetoproducepower,heating,hydrogen,purifiedwater,andNGsupply.Inthis
novelsystem,absorptionpowercycleusingammoniawaterasworkingfluidisused
toproducepower,vaporcompressioncycletogenerateheating,hydrogenextraction
via proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, and freshwater via reversed
osmosis (RO) unit using power extracted through pressurizing of the liquefied
natural gas. An exhaustive thermodynamic modeling of the proposed system is
presentedfromfirstandsecondlawsofthermodynamicsvantagepoint.
Chapter 8presentsaheatsinkofliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)andanabsorption
powercycle(APC)thatareusedtocapturethermalenergyoftheSabalangeother-
malsourceinIran.Themainpurposeisstockpilingofsimultaneouselectricityand
natural gas (NG) to the Sabalan district users. Extension of the exergoeconomic
relationsforthedevisedcombinedAPC/LNGplantisinspectedinordertofigureout
the working concept of the devised setup. Furthermore, using genetic algorithm
(GA) method, single- and multi-objective optimization procedures of the devised
setup are outlined by delineating turbine inlet pressures, generator hot pinch point
temperaturedifference,absorbertemperature,heatexchangerminimumtemperature
difference,andbasicLiBrfractionasdecisionvariables.
Chapter9presentsamathematicalrobustmodelforanMG(micro-grid)toobtain
the BESS charge/discharge scheduling and the exchange of power with upstream
networkconsideringtheuncertaintiesofelectricitymarketprice,demand,andwater
flow.Inthisregard,amin-maxproblem,whichismodeledasabi-leveloptimization
problem is developed and is solved in two iterative steps. In the first step, GA is
appliedto obtain the worst casewhereinuncertainparameters are determined such
thatMGenergyprocurementcostismaximized.Theninthesecondstep,amixed-
integerlinearproblemissolvedtominimizetheenergyprocurementcostoverMG
decisionvariablesconsideringthevaluesdeterminedinthefirststep.Thestepsare
iteratedtoconvergetothebestsolution.
Chapter 10 first studies different game theory models and their applications in
powersystem.Then,anappropriatemodelisselectedtoformulatetheoptimization
problemforfindingtheoptimaloperatingpointofthemulti-productionsystem.The
studyconsidersfluctuationsofrenewableenergyresources,variousloadlevels,and
the market environment. Two game models based on deterministic and stochastic
approachesareproposed,formulated,andinvestigated.
Chapter11presentsadetailedenergy,exergy,andeconomicandenvironmental
analysisofadouble-stagesubcooled-compressedairenergystorage(CAES)system.
Preface vii
Thesubcooled-CAESisanewmechanicalenergystoragetechnologythatoffersthe
trigenerationofcold,heat,andelectricityataprettyhighoverallefficiencyandcan
facilitate the integration of three energy sectors. For carrying out the analyses, the
systemisassumedtobeemployedintheenergysystemofDenmarkwithitscertain
energypricingandsupplyspecifications.
Waste-driven combined heat and power (CHP) plants are extremely popular in
manycountries,especiallyinnorthernEurope.WasteCHPismainlyemployedfor
baseloaddemandsupplyofheatandpowergrids. Chapter 12proposesthehybrid-
izationofsuchpowerplantswithsolarparabolictroughcollectorstoopenthegate
for reliable growth of the share of solar power plants into the existing energy
matricesviaa100%dispatchableenergyoutput.Thehybridpowerplantisproposed
tohaveafluegascondensationunittomaximizethenetefficiency.
Chapter13introducesaprobabilisticoptimalpowerflow(P-OPF)formodeling
the uncertainties associated with the correlated input random variables. Moreover,
thepointestimatemethod(PEM)isusedforgenerating2m+1stochasticscenarios
in a way that the correlated wind speeds with Weibull and loads with normal
distribution functions are transformed into the independent normal distribution
usingtheNataftransformation.
Concerns in energy shortage and the impact of greenhouse gas emissions moti-
vate the production of transportation fuel via a biomass gasification (BG) and
Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process. Chapter 14 explains the basic background of the
BG-FTprocess,includingthegasification,gascleaning,andFTprocesses.Numer-
ousaspectsofthis process,suchas theinfluenceofthe feedstock type andcharac-
teristics and the processing conditions, efficient process design, and FT catalyst
performanceimprovement,arereviewedbasedonlaboratory-scaleresearch.
Chapter 15 presents the energetic, exergetic, and economic analyses of solar-
poweredintegratedenergysystemformulti-generation.Theproposedsolarplantis
integrated with a thermal energy storage sub-plant in order to overcome intermit-
tencyofsolarenergy.Integratedenergysystemformulti-generationconsistsofthe
solar tower with thermal energy storage (TES), Rankine cycle, organic Rankine
cycle (ORC), cooling sub-plant with single-effect absorption cycle with ejector
(SEACE), hydrogen production and liquidation subsystem, freshwater production
subsystem,hotwaterproduction,anddryingprocessforpower,hydrogen,methanol,
cooling,heating,hotwater,freshwater,anddryingproduction.
Tehran,Iran FarkhondehJabari
Tabriz,Iran BehnamMohammadi-Ivatloo
Tabriz,Iran MousaMohammadpourfard
Contents
1 EconomicandEnvironmentalBenefitsofRenewableEnergy
SourcesinMulti-generationSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
AmirFarahmand-Zahed,SayyadNojavan,KazemZare,
andBehnamMohammadi-Ivatloo
2 SelectionofCost-EffectiveandEnergy-EfficientStorages
withRespecttoUncertainNatureofRenewableEnergy
SourcesandVariationsofDemands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
TohidKhalili,AliBidram,SayyadNojavan,andKittisak
Jermsittiparsert
3 DeterminingtheTypeandSizeofEnergyStorageSystems
toSmooththePowerofRenewableEnergyResources. . . . . . . . . . 29
MehrdadGholami,HadiTarimoradi,NavidRezaei,Abdollah
Ahmadi,andSeyedEhsanAhmadi
4 Solar-PoweredEnergySystemsforWaterDesalination,Power,
Cooling,Heating,andHydrogenProduction:Exergy
andExergoeconomicAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
HosseinNami,SahandSaeidi,andAmjadAnvari-Moghaddam
5 DesignandEvaluationofaNewSolarTower-Based
Multi-generationSystem:PartI,ThermalModeling. . . . . . . . . . . . 83
HamedGhiasirad,HadiRostamzadeh,andSajjadNasri
6 DesignandEvaluationofaNewSolarTower-Based
Multi-generationSystem:PartII,Exergyand
ExergoeconomicModeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
HamedGhiasirad,HadiRostamzadeh,andSajjadNasri
ix
x Contents
7 EnergyandExergyAnalysisofaGeothermal-Based
Multi-generationSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
MohammadEbadollahi,PouryaSeyedmati,HadiRostamzadeh,
HadiGhaebi,andMajidAmidpour
8 PerformanceandCostOptimizationofIntegratedAbsorption
PowerCycleandLiquefiedNaturalGasfortheSabalan
GeothermalHeatSource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
HadiRostamzadeh,TowhidParikhani,andHadiGhaebi
9 ANovelFrameworkforRobustSchedulingofHydro-Driven
CombinedDrinkingWaterandElectricityGenerationSystems. . . 165
HosseinSaber,HesamMazaheri,andMoeinMoeini-Aghtaie
10 GameTheoryApplicationforFindingOptimalOperatingPoint
ofMulti-productionSystemUnderFluctuationsofRenewable
andVariousLoadLevels. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 189
HosseinNezamabadi,VahidVahidinasab,SaeedSalarkheili,
VahidHosseinnezhad,andHamidrezaArasteh
11 4EAnalysisofSubcooled-CompressedAirEnergyStorage
System,aSmartToolforTrigenerationandIntegration
ofCold,HeatandPowerSectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
AhmadArabkoohsar
12 3EAnalysisofHybridSolar-WasteDrivingCHPPlant
withFlueGasRecoveryUnit,aSmartSolutionToward
SustainableEnergySystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
MeisamSadiandAhmadArabkoohsar
13 StochasticAnalysisofGas-ElectricityHybridGridUsing
NatafTransformationCombinedwithPointEstimation
Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
SalarBalaei-sani,FarkhondehJabari,
andBehnamMohammadi-Ivatloo
14 AReviewontheTechnicalandEconomicProspects
ofBiofuelProductionfromIntegratedBiomassGasification
andFischer-TropschProcesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
KaritthaIm-orbandAmornchaiArpornwichanop
15 IntegrationofCleanandSustainableEnergyResources
andStorageinMultigenerationSystems:Design,Modeling,
andRobustOptimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
FatihYilmaz,YunusEmreYuksel,andMuratOzturk
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Chapter 1
fi
Economic and Environmental Bene ts
of Renewable Energy Sources
in Multi-generation Systems
AmirFarahmand-Zahed,SayyadNojavan,KazemZare,
andBehnamMohammadi-Ivatloo
1.1 Introduction
World energy demand is increasing constantly, as the population of the world and
the standards of living grows. Responding to the growth of energy demand, while
maintaining its safety and environmental aspects is an important challenge. The
mentioned increase in energy needs has critical effects on the environment as the
generation processes of energy emit harmful pollutants (i.e. greenhouse gases,
particularly carbon dioxide) to the environment. On the other hand, fossil fuel
reserves are limited. Renewable energies are the best alternative energy sources.
Some of the renewable energy sources (RES) are available in nature such as solar,
biomass, hydro, wind, wave, tidal, ocean current, ocean thermal, and geothermal.
Also, some human activities can be used as renewable energy sources. These
activitiesarewastematerialrecoveryandheatrecovery.
In recent decades, new technologies for increasing the efficiency of energy
systems and relieving global warming have been proposed and tested in many
countries. One of these technologies is multi-generation processes which have the
A.Farahmand-Zahed(*)·K.Zare
FacultyofElectricalandComputerEngineering,UniversityofTabriz,Tabriz,Iran
e-mail:[email protected];[email protected]
S.Nojavan
DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,UniversityofBonab,Bonab,Iran
e-mail:[email protected]
B.Mohammadi-Ivatloo
FacultyofElectricalandComputerEngineering,UniversityofTabriz,Tabriz,Iran
DepartmentofEnergyTechnology,AalborgUniversity,Aalborg,Denmark
e-mail:[email protected]
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2020 1
F.Jabarietal.(eds.),IntegrationofCleanandSustainableEnergyResources
andStorageinMulti-GenerationSystems,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42420-6_1