Integrated membrane systems and processes

427 Pages·2016·13.169 MB·English

by  Basile, Angelo Bruno, Charcosset, Catherine

Integrated
Membrane
Systems and
Processes
Angelo Basile • Catherine Charcosset
Editors

Integrated Membrane
Systems and Processes
Edited by
ANGELO BASILE
Institute on Membrane Technology – Italian National Research
Council (ITM-CNR), University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
and
CATHERINE CHARCOSSET
Laboratoire d’Automatique et de Ge´nie des Proce´de´s, CNRS,
Universite´ Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
Thiseditionfirstpublished2016
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Integratedmembranesystemsandprocesses/editedbyAngeloBasileandCatherineCharcosset.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-73908-2(cloth)
1. Membranefilters. 2. Filtersandfiltration. I. Basile,Angelo,editor. II. Charcosset,Catherine,editor.
TP156.F5I572016
660′.284245–dc23 2015024794
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN:9781118739082
Setin10/12ptTimesbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India.
1 2016
Contents
ListofContributors ix
Preface xi
1 Ultrafiltration,Microfiltration,NanofiltrationandReverseOsmosisin
IntegratedMembraneProcesses 1
CatherineCharcosset
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 MembraneProcesses 2
1.2.1 Ultrafiltration,MicrofiltrationandNanofiltration 2
1.2.2 ReverseOsmosis 3
1.2.3 MembraneDistillation 3
1.2.4 Electrodialysis 4
1.2.5 MembraneBioreactors 5
1.3 CombinationofVariousMembraneProcesses 6
1.3.1 Pressure-DrivenSeparationProcesses 6
1.3.2 MembraneDistillationandPressure-Driven
MembraneProcesses 12
1.3.3 ElectrodialysisandPressure-DrivenMembraneProcesses 13
1.3.4 MembraneBioreactorsandPressure-Driven
SeparationProcesses 14
1.3.5 OtherProcessesandPressure-DrivenSeparationProcesses 15
1.4 Conclusion 17
ListofAbbreviations 18
References 18
2 BioseparationsUsingIntegratedMembraneProcesses 23
RajaGhosh
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 IntegratedBioseparationProcessesInvolvingMicrofiltration 24
2.3 IntegratedBioseparationProcessesInvolvingUltrafiltration 28
2.4 Conclusion 31
References 32
iv Contents
3 IntegratedMembraneProcessesintheFoodIndustry 35
AlfredoCassano
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 FruitJuiceProcessing 36
3.2.1 FruitJuiceClarification 36
3.2.2 FruitJuiceConcentration 38
3.2.3 IntegratedSystemsinFruitJuiceProcessing 40
3.3 MilkandWheyProcessing 48
3.3.1 IntegratedSystemsinMilkProcessing 48
3.3.2 IntegratedSystemsinCheesemaking 51
3.3.3 IntegratedSystemsinWheyProcessing 52
3.4 Conclusions 54
ListofAbbreviations 54
References 55
4 ContinuousHydrolysisofLignocellulosicBiomassviaIntegrated
MembraneProcesses 61
MohammadmahdiMalmaliandS.RanilWickramasinghe
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 ContinuousEnzymaticHydrolysis 63
4.3 IntegratedSubmergedMembraneSystem 65
4.4 SugarConcentration 66
4.5 SugarConcentrationandHydrolysateDetoxificationbyNanofiltration 68
4.6 StatisticalDesignofExperiments 69
4.7 AnalysisofVarianceusingResponseSurfaceMethodology 69
4.8 FutureChallenges 74
4.9 Conclusion 75
Acknowledgements 75
ListofAbbreviations 75
ListofSymbols 75
References 76
5 IntegratedMembraneProcessesforthePreparationofEmulsions,
ParticlesandBubbles 79
GoranT.Vladisavljevic´
5.1 Introduction 79
5.1.1 MembraneDispersionProcesses 80
5.1.2 MembraneTreatmentofDispersions 81
5.1.3 ComparisonofMembraneandMicrofluidicDrop
GenerationProcesses 82
5.1.4 ComparisonofMembraneandConventional
HomogenisationProcesses 83
5.2 MembranesforPreparationofEmulsionsandParticles 84
5.2.1 SPGMembrane 84
5.2.2 MicroengineeredMembranes 90
Contents v
5.3 ProductionofEmulsionsUsingSPGMembrane 92
5.4 ProductionofEmulsionsUsingMicroengineeredMembranes 96
5.5 FactorsAffectingDropletSizeinDME 98
5.5.1 EffectofTransmembranePressureandFlux 99
5.5.2 InfluenceofPore(Channel)SizeandShearStressonthe
MembraneSurface 101
5.5.3 InfluenceofSurfactant 101
5.6 FactorsAffectingDropletSizeinPME 103
5.7 IntegrationofMEwithSolid/Semi-SolidParticleFabrication 104
5.7.1 IntegrationofMEandCrosslinkingof
Gel-formingPolymers 104
5.7.2 IntegrationofMEandMeltSolidification 114
5.7.3 IntegrationofMEandPolymerisation 115
5.7.4 IntegrationofMEandSolventEvaporation/Extraction 118
5.8 IntegrationofMembranePermeationandGasDispersion 120
5.9 IntegrationofMembraneMicromixingandNanoprecipitation 121
5.10 Conclusions 123
ListofAcronyms 123
Symbols 124
Subscripts 126
References 126
6 NanofiltrationinIntegratedMembraneProcesses 141
BartVanderBruggen
6.1 Introduction 141
6.2 PretreatmentforNanofiltration 144
6.3 NanofiltrationasaPretreatmentMethod 146
6.4 ProcessesinSeries 148
6.5 IntegratedProcesses 150
6.6 HybridProcesses 153
6.7 NanofiltrationCascades 156
6.8 Conclusions 158
ListofAbbreviations 159
References 159
7 Seawater,BrackishWaters,andNaturalWatersTreatment
withHybridMembraneProcesses 165
MaximePontie´ andCatherineCharcosset
7.1 Introduction 165
7.2 DesalinationMarket 166
7.2.1 GrowthofDesalinationCapacityWorldwide 166
7.2.2 DesalinationTechnologies 167
7.3 SeawaterandBrackishWatersComposition 168
7.3.1 SeawaterComposition 168
7.3.2 BrackishWaterversusSeawater 168
7.3.3 ProductWaterSpecification 170
vi Contents
7.4 DesalinationwithIntegratedMembraneProcesses 170
7.4.1 MF/UF–RO 170
7.4.2 NFversusRO 172
7.4.3 NF–RO 174
7.5 NaturalWaterTreatmentUsingHybridMembraneProcesses 176
7.5.1 NaturalOrganicMatter 178
7.5.2 Arsenic 183
7.5.3 OtherSpecies 186
7.6 Conclusion 190
ListofAcronyms 191
References 192
8 WastewaterTreatmentUsingIntegratedMembraneProcesses 197
JinsongZhangandAnthonyG.Fane
8.1 Introduction 197
8.2 IMSApplicationforWastewaterTreatment:CurrentStatus 198
8.2.1 IMSforTextileIndustrialWastewater:Targetto
ZeroDischarge 198
8.2.2 IntegratedPressure-DrivenMembraneProcessforMunicipal
WastewaterReclamation 200
8.2.3 IntegratedMultipleFunctionDrivenMembraneProcessfor
WastewaterReclamation 212
8.3 StrategicCo-locationConceptforIntegratedProcessInvolvingRO,
PRO,andWastewaterTreatment 219
8.4 Conclusions 221
Nomenclature 221
ListofGreekletters 222
References 222
9 MembraneReactor:AnIntegrated“Membrane + Reaction”System 231
AngeloBasile,AdolfoIulianelliandSimonaLiguori
9.1 Introduction 231
9.2 HydrogenEconomy 232
9.2.1 WhyMembraneReactors? 232
9.3 MembraneReactors 235
9.3.1 MembraneReactorsUtilization 236
9.4 MembranesforMembraneReactors 236
9.4.1 CeramicMembranes 237
9.4.2 ZeoliteMembranes 237
9.4.3 CarbonMembranes 238
9.4.4 MetalMembranes 238
9.4.5 CompositeMembranes 239
9.5 MassTransportMechanismsforInorganicMembranes 239
9.6 ApplicationsofInorganicMembraneReactors 241
9.6.1 RecentAdvancesonHydrogenProductioninMRsfromSteam
ReformingofRenewableSources 241
Contents vii
9.7 Conclusions 244
ListofSymbols 245
ListofAbbreviations 245
References 246
10 MembranesforIGCCPowerPlants 255
KamranGhasemzadeh,AngeloBasile,andSeyyedMohammadSadatiTilebon
10.1 Introduction 255
10.2 IGCCTechnologyforPowerGeneration 256
10.3 ApplicationofMembranesinanIGCCPowerPlants 257
10.3.1 HydrogenSelectiveMembranes 264
10.3.2 OxygenSelectiveMembranes 272
10.3.3 CO SelectiveMembranes 275
2
10.4 ConclusionandFutureTrends 280
Abbreviations 280
References 281
11 IntegrationofaMembraneReactorwithaFuelCell 285
ViktorHacker,MeritBodner,andAlexanderSchenk
11.1 Introduction 285
11.2 FuelCellBasics 286
11.2.1 ReactionMechanisms 287
11.2.2 ElectrochemicalBasicsoftheFuelCell 289
11.3 DifferentTypesofFuelCells 292
11.3.1 MethodsofClassification 292
11.3.2 FuelCellTypes 294
11.4 ContaminationsofthePEFC 295
11.4.1 AnodeGasStream 295
11.4.2 CathodeGasStream 297
11.4.3 ContaminationsofComponents 298
11.5 MethodstoAvoidPoisoning 298
11.5.1 IncreasingtheFuelCellTolerancetowards
Contaminations 299
11.5.2 AvoidingContaminations 300
11.6 Conclusion 302
ListofAbbreviations 302
ListofSymbols 302
References 303
12 SolarMembraneReactor 307
KamranGhasemzadeh,AngeloBasile,andAbbasAghaeinejad-Meybodi
12.1 Introduction 307
12.2 ConfigurationsofSolarMRSystems 308
12.2.1 SolarMRsforWaterandWastewaterTreatment 309
12.2.2 SolarMRsforHydrogenProduction 312
viii Contents
12.3 SolarMRsApplicationfromaModelingPointofView 319
12.3.1 WaterDecompositionLiterature 319
12.3.2 SteamReformingLiterature 320
12.4 SolarMRsApplicationfromanExperimentalPointofView 322
12.4.1 WaterDecompositionLiterature 322
12.4.2 WaterElectrolysisLiterature 329
12.4.3 SteamReformingLiterature 331
12.5 TheMainChallenges 334
12.6 ConclusionandFutureTrends 335
ListofAbbreviations 335
References 336
13 Membrane-AdsorptionIntegratedSystems/Processes 343
SayedS.MadaeniandEhsanSalehi
13.1 Introduction 343
13.2 AdsorptionPretreatmentforMembranes 345
13.3 IntegratedMembrane-AdsorptionSystems 347
13.3.1 LPM-AdsorptionIntegration 348
13.3.2 Membrane-AdsorptionBioreactors 352
13.3.3 MABROperatingConditions 354
13.3.4 MABRApplications 355
13.4 MembraneAdsorbents 356
13.4.1 Protein-AdsorbentMembranes 357
13.4.2 Metal-AdsorbentMembranes 358
13.4.3 Imprinted-MembraneAdsorbents 360
13.4.4 ThinMembraneAdsorbents 362
13.4.5 ModelingAspects 362
13.4.6 RegenerationandReuse 365
13.5 AdsorptionPost-treatmentforMembranes 366
References 367
Index 375