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Wordlist
This list contains the key words from the Student’s Book
Unit 1 hindrance (n) / hɪndrəns/ a person or thing that self-defence (n) / ˌself dɪˈfens/ s th you say or do
attentive (adj) / əˈtentɪv/ l istening or watching makes it more difficult for sb to do sth or for sth to in order to protect yourself when you are being
carefully and with interest T he hotel staff are happen T o be honest, she was more of a hindrance attacked, criticized, etc. T he man later told police
friendly and attentive. than a help. that he was acting in self-defence.
benefit (n) / benɪfɪt/ a n advantage that sth humble (adj) / hʌmbl/ s howing you do not self-interest (n) / ˌselfˈɪntrəst/ o ne’s personal
gives you; a helpful and useful effect that sth has think that you are as important as other people interest or advantage, especially when pursued
I’ve had the benefit of a good education. Be humble enough to learn from your mistakes. without regard for others N ot all of them were
blow (n) / bləʊ/ a negative setback T his was his humility (n) / hjuːˈmɪləti/ t he quality of not acting out of self-interest.
second major blow. thinking that you are better than other people self-obsession (n) / selfəbˈsɛʃən/ t he state of
Her first defeat was an early lesson in humility. being interested in yourself, your happiness,
cstohm omr tiotm beenhta v(ne) in/ k aə pˈmarɪttimcuəlanrt w/ aa y p rT ohme icsoem top adnoy ’s incremental (adj) / ɪŋkrəmənt/ I ncrease or adding motivations and interests to the exclusion of other
on, especially in a regular series T he government things S elf-obsession and self-doubt can get in the
commitment to providing quality at a reasonable
imposed small, incremental tax hikes. way of success.
price has been vital to its success.
compassion (n) / kəmˈpæʃn/ a strong feeling itnhginegnsu oitry s o(nlv) e/ ɪpnrdoʒbəleˈnmjsu iːnə tcil/e vt here n aebwili twya tyos i n vent osef lpf-rporteescetirnvga tyioounr (sne)l f / inˌs eal df apnrgezeəroˈvuesɪ oʃrn d/ iffit hceu flatc t
of sympathy for people who are suffering and
He was a designer of great ingenuity. situation S he was held back by some sense of self-
a desire to help them S he was known as a hard
preservation.
woman with no compassion and no emotion. innovative (adj) / ɪnəveɪtɪv/ i ntroducing or using
new ideas, ways of doing sth, etc. T here will be a self-sacrifice (n) / ˌselfˈsækrɪfaɪs/ t he act of not
compassionate (adj) / kəmˈpæʃənət/ f eeling or prize for the most innovative design. allowing yourself to have or do sth in order to help
showing sympathy for people who are suffering
other people T he courage and self-sacrifice of those
Politicians are not usually regarded as warm or inspiration (n) / ɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ t he process that
who fought in the war.
compassionate people. takes place when sb sees or hears sth that causes
conquer (v) / kɒŋkə(r)/ t o become very popular twhaenmt ttoo chraevaete e sxtchit inL ogo nkeinwg ifdoer ainss opri rmataiokne sf otrh ae mne w aseblofluets sthnee snse (eaddsv, )h a/ speplfinləessns,ə est/c .t hoifn oktihnegr mpeoorep le
or successful in a place T he boy band is now setting
dessert? Try this recipe. than about your own M y motives for keeping the
out to conquer the world.
whole truth from you were not completely selfless.
conundrum (n) / kəˈnʌndrəm / a confusing iinnssppiirraattiioonn aH l e(a wdaj)s a/ ɪnn sinpsəpˈirreaɪtʃioənnal/l lep arodveird.ing singlemindedness (n) / siŋgəl-ˈmı̄n-dəd/
problem or question that is very difficult to solve
only thinking about one particular aim or goal
It was a conundrum with no solution. interim (adj) / ɪntərɪm/ i ntended to last for only a
because you are determined to achieve sth
short time until sb/sth more permanent is found
courage (n) /kʌrɪdʒ/ the ability to do sth Single-mindedness and focusing on his passion have
The vice-president took power in the interim period
dangerous, or to face pain or opposition, without helped him conquer adversity.
before the election.
showing fear H e showed great courage and
determination. obstacle (n) / ɒbstəkl/ a situation, an event, etc. squint (v) / skwɪnt/ t o look at sth with your eyes
partly shut in order to keep out bright light or to
that makes it difficult for you to do or achieve sth
courageous (adj) / kəˈreɪdʒəs/ s howing courage see better T he sun is causing everyone to squint.
A lack of qualifications can be a major obstacle to
I hope people will be courageous enough to speak
finding a job. striking (adj) / straɪkɪŋ/ i nteresting and unusual
out against this injustice.
enough to attract attention H er face was striking.
dedicated (adj) / dedɪkeɪtɪd/ w orking hard at othpintigmsi wsmill  (hna) p/ pɒepnt ɪamnɪdz əthma/t sa t hfe weliilnl bge t hsuatc cgeososdfu l tolerance (n) / tɒlərəns/ t he willingness to accept
sth because it is very important to you S he is
We may now look forward with optimism. or tolerate sb/sth, especially opinions or behaviour
dedicated to her job.
that you may not agree with, or people who are
dedication (n) / dedɪˈkeɪʃn/ t he hard work and overcome (v) / əʊvəˈkʌm / t o succeed in dealing not like you S he had no tolerance for jokes.
with or controlling a problem that has been
effort that sb puts into an activity or purpose
preventing you from achieving sth H e finally willing (adj) / wɪlɪŋ/ n ot objecting to doing sth;
because they think it is important F lorence
managed to overcome his fear of flying. having no reason for not doing sth I ’m perfectly
showed great dedication to her job by working very
willing to discuss the problem.
long hours. patience (n) / ˈpeɪʃns/ t he ability to stay calm
and accept a delay or sth annoying without willingness (n) / wɪlɪŋnəs/ t he quality or state of
determined (adj) / dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ m aking a firm complaining I have run out of patience with her. being prepared to do sth; readiness S arah always
decision to do it and you will not let anyone
showed a great willingness to learn to skills.
prevent you I ’m determined to succeed. peek (v) / piːk/ t o look at sth quickly and
secretly because you should not be looking at it
determination (n) / dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ t he quality Unit 2
Don’t peek at your presents before your birthday.
that makes you continue trying to do sth even
when this is difficult H e fought the illness with penalize (v) / piːnəlaɪz/ t o put sb at a abandoned (adj) / əˈbændənd/ l eft and no longer
courage and determination. disadvantage by treating them unfairly H e felt wanted, used or needed T he child was found
penalized because of his age. abandoned but unharmed.
dignified (adj) / dɪɡnɪfaɪd/ c alm and serious
and deserving respect H e maintained a dignified perfectionism (n) / pəˈfekʃənɪzəm/ a person absolutely (adv) / æbsəluːtli/ u sed to emphasize
silence during the interview. who likes to do things perfectly and is not satisfied that sth is completely true H e made it absolutely
with anything less H er perfectionism is evident at clear.
dignity (n) / dɪɡnəti/ a calm and serious manner
that deserves respect S he accepted the criticism work and at home. accessible (adj) / əkˈsesəbl/ t hat can be reached,
with quiet dignity. perseverance (n) / pɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ t he quality entered, used, seen, etc. T he remote area is
of continuing to try to achieve a particular accessible only by helicopter.
gape (v) / ɡeɪp/ t o stare at sb/sth with your
mouth open because you are shocked or aim despite difficulties T hey showed great advisable (adj) / ədˈvaɪzəbl/ s ensible and a
surprised I would gape in astonishment if that perseverance in the face of difficulty. good idea in order to achieve sth E arly booking is
happened. persistence (n) / pəˈsɪstəns/ t he fact of advisable.
gawp (v) / ɡɔːp/ t o stare at sb/sth in a rude or continuing to try to do sth despite difficulties, amicable (adj) / æmɪkəbl/ d one or achieved in a
stupid way D on’t gawp at me like that! especially when other people are against you polite or friendly way and without arguing I n spite
and think that you are being annoying or of their disagreement they parted on amicable
gaze (v) / ɡeɪz/ t o look steadily at sb/sth for a long unreasonable H is persistence was finally rewarded terms.
time, either because you are very interested or
surprised, or because you are thinking of sth else when the insurance company agreed to pay for the asteroid (n) / æstərɔɪd/ a ny one of the many
He gazed longingly at the sweets. damage. small planets that go around the sun Y ou might
ggaeitn o cvoenr tirto (lp ohfr s vth) / I ɡt ewta ˈsə ʊhivsə fi(rrs)t ɪmt/a jt oor dseetabla wckit hin o r pstehr sdiestsepnitte ( dadiffij) cu/ pltəieˈssɪ,s etsəpnetc/ iad lleyt ewrhmeinn eodth toer d o fianttdra acnt iavset e(arodijd) b/ eətˈwtreæeknt Mɪva/r sp alenads Jaunpti tteor .look at
life, but he managed to get over it. people are against you and think that you are I like John but I don’t find him attractive.
being annoying or unreasonable H ow do you deal
glance (v) / ɡlɑːns/ t o look quickly at sth/sb with persistent salesmen who won’t take no for an audible (adj) / ɔːdəbl/ t hat can be heard clearly
Let me have a quick glance at the report. answer? Her voice was barely audible above the noise.
gwlaayr e H (ve) g / laɡrleedə (art) /m t eo w loitohko uatt ssaby/isnthg ain w aonr da.ngry oref sdoouinrcge ftuhlin (agds ja) n/ drɪ sˈsoɔlvːsinflg / p g roobolde mats fi, entdci.n T gh wesaey s adwiffiecsuolmt aen (da dpje) rh/ ɔaːpssə mra/t hv eerr fyr iigmhpterensinsigv eI ojur svte ry
bought this awesome new CD!
glimpse (n) / ɡlɪmps / a look at sb/sth for a very women were strong, resourceful and courageous.
schoomrpt tleimteely, w H hee cna yuoguh td ao g nliomt psesee othf hee pr einrs tohne corro twhdin.g rbees oreusrocuerfcuelfnuel ssF  l(onr)e n/ rcɪeˈ zuɔseːsdf hʊelnr ɪrse/s ot uhrec eafbuillniteys st oto bpaaryt l(yn )s u/ rbroeɪu/n a d epda rbt yo af twhied see cau, rovre o of fa t lhaerg laen ladk e ,
The hotel has a magnificent view across the bay.
gradual (adj) / ɡrædʒuəl/ h appening slowly write articles for the newspaper.
odivseera ase l oisn vge rpye griroadd;u naol.t sudden R ecovery from the are gvroelautt oiorn caormy p(aledtje) c/ rheavnəgˈleu ːT ʃhəen eəffrie/ cti ns voof lving gbievnees fiyto (uo; fa)  h(ne)l p/ fbuel naɪnfdɪt u/ sa enfu al devffaenctta tghea tt hsatht shtahs
A large number of people believe in the benefits of
(a) great deal (n) / ɡreɪt diːl/ a large quantity technological development are revolutionary. education.
Mgryo munodth-berr ehaakdi nlogs t( aad gjr)e a/ ɡt rdaeʊanl dofb wreeɪikgɪhŋt./ m aking soewlfn-a asbsiulirtaiensc oer ( snt)r e/ nˌsgetlhfs ə ˈH ʃʊe əstroəonds /o ub te floierf h iins your bdoooarr,d eetdc.- uisp c o(avdejr)e d/ b wɔːidthɪd w ʌopo/d ew nh beona ar dwsi nM dooswt ,
new discoveries; using new methods I t was a intellectual agility and calm self-assurance.
buildings along the street had been boarded-up.
ghraogugnadr-db r(eaadkj)i n/ gh pæieɡcəed o/ f l roeosekainrcgh v.ery tired sreemlf-acionn ctarloml ( ann) d/ ˌnsoeltf s khəonwˈ tyroəuʊrl /e mt hoet aiobnilsit eyv teon ba uroso sfh welhteerre ( np)e o/ ˈpblʌes c ʃaenl tsəta(rn)d/ wa hstirleu cthtuerye awreit h
because of illness, worry or lack of sleep H e looked though you are feeling angry, excited, etc. I t took
waiting for a bus W e stood under the bus shelter to
pale and haggard. all his self-control not to shout at them.
get out of the rain.
Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition © Oxford University Press Wordlist 1
Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 1 22/01/2014 11:33
Wordlist
care (for) (n) / keə(r)/ t he process of caring for sb/ handful (of) (n) / hændfʊl/ t he amount of sth that peninsula (n) / pəˈnɪnsjələ/ a n area of land that
sth and providing what they need for their health can be held in one hand I took a handful of rice. is almost surrounded by water but is joined to a
or protection S he cared for him everyday. harsh (adj) / hɑːʃ/ c ruel, severe and unkind larger piece of land T he entire Balkan peninsula is
collectible (adj) / kəˈlektəbl/ w orth collecting The punishment was harsh and unfair. very popular in summer.
because it is beautiful or may become valuable high-rise building (n) / haɪ raɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ/ v ery tall plain (adj) / pleɪn/ e asy to see or understand
These dolls are very collectible. and having a lot of floors I live on the top floor of a The facts were plain to see.
considerable (adj) / kənˈsɪdərəbl/ g reat in high-rise building. planet (n) / plænɪt/ a large round object in space
amount, size, importance, etc. T he project wasted horrible (adj) / hɒrəbl/ v ery bad or unpleasant; that moves around a star (such as the Sun) and
a considerable amount of time and money. used to describe sth that you do not like receives light from it T he Earth is an example of a
constellation (n) / kɒnstəˈleɪʃn/ a group of stars The coffee tasted horrible. planet.
that forms a shape in the sky and has a name ice floe (n) / ˈaɪs fləʊ/ a large area of ice, floating pointless (adj) / pɔɪntləs/ h aving no purpose
The Little Bear constellation is still used by navigators in the sea I n spring, the ice floes break up. We searched until we knew it would be pointless to
at sea. continue.
ideal (adj) / aɪˈdiːəl/ p erfect; most suitable
crumbling (adj) / ˈkrʌmblɪŋ/ b reak or fall apart The trip to Paris will be an ideal opportunity to pond (n) /pɒnd/ a small area of still water,
into small fragments, especially as part of a practise my French. especially one that is artificial W e have a pond in
process of deterioration T he cliff is gradually our garden.
inaccessible (adj) / ɪnækˈsesəbl/ d ifficult or
crumbling away. impossible to reach or to get T hey live in a remote pretty (adv) / prɪti/ t o some extent I ’m pretty sure
cycle path (n) / ˈsaɪkl pɑːθ/ a part of a road that area, inaccessible except by car. I’ll be going.
only bicycles are allowed to use I use the cycle incomprehensible (adj) / ɪnˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbl/ profound (adj) / prəˈfaʊnd/ f elt or experienced
path whenever possible. impossible to understand S ome application forms very strongly T he news came as a profound shock.
decline (v) / dɪˈklaɪn/ a continuous decrease can be incomprehensible. prosperous (adj) / ˈprɒspərəs/ r ich and successful
in the number, value, quality, etc. of sth incredible (adj) / ɪnˈkredəbl/ i mpossible or very Farmers are more prosperous in the south of the
The companies’ profits were declining every year. difficult to believe I t seemed incredible that she country.
demand (for) (n) / dɪˈmɑːnd/ a very firm request had been there a week already. quite (adv) / kwaɪt/ t o some degree H e plays
for sth T here has been a huge demand for higher industrial estate (n) / ɪnˌdʌstriəl ɪˈsteɪt/ a n area quite well.
pay. especially for factories, on the edge of a town recognizable (adj) / rekəɡnaɪzəbl/ e asy to know
derelict (adj) / derəlɪkt/ n ot used or cared for and The office is based on an industrial estate. or identify T he building was easily recognizable as
in bad condition T he canal has been derelict for inevitably (adv) / ɪnˈevɪtəbli/ a s is certain to a prison.
many years. happen I nevitably, the press exaggerated the story. refurbished (adj) / riːˈfɜːbɪʃ/ a room, building,
destroy (v) / dɪˈstrɔɪ/ t o damage sth so badly that inhabited (adj) / ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd/ w ith people or etc. that has been decorated in order to make it
it no longer exists, works, etc. T hey’ve destroyed all animals living there T he island is no longer inhabited. more attractive, more useful, etc. T he theatre has
the evidence. been extensively refurbished.
irresistible (adj) / ɪrɪˈzɪstəbl/ s o strong that it
disappointing (adj) / dɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/ n ot as good, cannot be stopped or resisted I felt an irresistible relevance (of) (n) / reləvəns / c losely connected
successful, etc. as you had hoped T he outcome urge to laugh. with the subject you are discussing or the
of the court case was disappointing for the family situation you are thinking about I don’t see the
involved. kid-friendly (adj) / kɪd ˈfrendli/ s uitable for relevance of your question.
children T hat film was not particularly kid-friendly!
dotivheerrs aen (da dojf) v/ adraioɪˈuvsɜ kːsin/ dv se rM y yd iinffteerreenstts f arorem v eerayc h knowledge (of) (n) / nɒlɪdʒ/ t he information, rwehmeoret eo (tahdejr) p/ erɪoˈpmleə ʊlitv/e f aT rh aew faarym fhroomus ep lias creems ote.
understanding and skills that you gain through
diverse. education or experience H e has a wide knowledge renovate (v) / renəveɪt/ t o repair and paint an
edible (adj) / edəbl/ fi t or suitable to be eaten of painting and music. old building, a piece of furniture, etc. so that it is in
The food at the hotel was barely edible. good condition again T he buildings have all been
knowledgeable (adj) / nɒlɪdʒəbl/ k nowing a lot
efficient (adj) / ɪˈfɪʃnt/ d oing sth well and She is very knowledgeable about plants. renovated.
tehnoerroguyg Wh lye owffitehr an ofa wsta, fsrtiee nodf ltyi maned, meffiocnieeyn,t o sre rvice. last-minute (adj) / lɑːst ˈmɪnɪt/ d one, decided or rfoers psbe/cstt h(f obre) c(anu) s/ er ɪoˈsf ptheekitr/ g a o ofede qlinugal iotife asd omr iration
organized just before sth happens or before it is
eligible (adj) / elɪdʒəbl/ a person who is eligible too late W e booked a last-minute holiday. achievements I have the greatest respect for your
for sth or to do sth, is able to have or do it because brother.
they have the right qualifications, are the right Tlehgei bsilgen (aatdujr)e / wleadsʒ sətiblll l/e gc ilbelaer. enough to read responsibility (for) (n) / rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ a  duty
age, etc. O nly those over 70 are eligible for the to deal with or take care of sb/sth T he sales manager
special payment. (a) little bit (adv) / ˈlɪtl bɪt/ s omewhat I t was a was given responsibility for the European market.
little bit tedious.
ea nsidtuanatgioenr  (ivn) w/ ɪhnicˈdhe tɪhnedyʒ cəo(ru)l/d t boe p huatr smbe/sdt ho rin magnificent (adj) / mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/ e xtremely rgoivaidn gs iignnfo (rnm) a/ triəoʊnd o sra inɪns/t rua c stiigonn sn teoa rd ari vroearsd
damaged I ncreased use of plastics could endanger attractive and impressive; deserving praise The road sign was not very easy to read at night.
seenao lrifme.o us (adj) / ɪˈnɔːməs/ e xtremely large Smheet leooorkieted  (mn)a g/ mnifiiːcteiənrt ainɪt h/ ea r wpieedcdei nogf rdorcekss f.rom rSohbe uwsat s( aadlmj) o/ srtə nʊinˈbeʌtys,t b /u ts strtoilln vge rayn rdo bhuesatl.thy
The problems facing the President are enormous. oscuietenrt issptsa tcheo tuhgahtt h tihtas tt hthee E iamrpthre’ss ssuiornfa wcea s O a rcigraintearl ly, sense (of) (n) / sens/ a feeling about sth
estuary (n) / estʃuəri/ t he wide part of a river caused by a meteorite hitting the Earth. important H e felt an overwhelming sense of loss.
wshhoereres oitf flao dwese pin etsot utharey s.ea T he city sits on the moon (n) / muːn/ t he round object that moves sjuedngseibmlee (natds jb) a/ sseedn soənb rle/ aa sbolne aton dm eaxkpee grioeondce
around the earth once every 27½ days and shines
extraordinary (adj) / ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/ u nexpected, at night by light reflected from the sun T here’s no rather than emotion S he’s a sensible sort of person.
surprising or strange I t’s extraordinary that he moon tonight. shabby (adj) / ˈʃæbi/ i n poor condition because
managed to sleep through the party. of long use or lack of care T he outside of the house
extremely (adv) / ɪkˈstriːmli/ t o a very high omf omuonutanitna irna nrigdeg e(ns )a l/ iˈkme ainʊ nfotrəmn , rdeiɪrnedctʒio/ na , saenrdie s was beginning to look shabby.
degree S he found it extremely difficult to get a job. origin T he mountain range forms a natural border solar system (n) / ˈsəʊlə sɪstəm/ t he sun and all
fairly (adv) / feəli/ t o some extent but not very between the two countries. the planets that move around it W e don’t know
I know him fairly well, but I wouldn’t say we were how many solar systems there are in each galaxy.
really close friends. ennaoviuggahb fleo r( ashdijp) s/ naændv ɪbɡoəabtls/ tow sidaeil oannd M deaenpy of the speed bump (n) / spiːd bʌmp/ a raised area
fashionable (adj) / fæʃnəbl/ f ollowing a style rivers cease to be navigable. across a road that is put there to make traffic go
that is popular at a particular time I t’s becoming slower Y ou must slow down when driving over a
fashionable to have long hair again. neglected (adj) / nɪˈɡlektɪd/ n ot receiving speed bump.
enough care or attention T he child has been
flexible (adj) / fleksəbl/ a ble to change to suit neglected for weeks. spellbinding (adj) / spelbaɪndɪŋ/ h olding
new conditions or situations O ur plans need to be your attention completely I t was a spellbinding
flexible enough to cater for the needs of everyone. not particularly (adv) / nɒt pəˈtɪkjələli/ performance.
not very I ’m not particularly impressed with their
flourishing (adj) / ˈflʌrɪʃɪŋ/ d eveloping rapidly performance. star (n) / stɑː(r)/ a large ball of burning gas in
and successfully H e enjoyed a flourishing career. space that we see as a point of light in the sky at
overwhelming (adj) / əʊvəˈwelmɪŋ/ v ery great
galaxy (n) / ɡæləksi/ a ny of the large systems of or very strong T he evidence against him was night T hat star is part of a constellation.
stars, etc. in outer space T he stars make up part of overwhelming. stifling (adj) / staɪflɪŋ/ t o feel unable to breathe,
ogularc giearla (xny). / ˈɡlæsiə(r)/ a large mass of ice, formed bpeasrkidine gth me eroteard ( nth) a/ tˈ pyoɑuːk pɪŋu tm miːotnəe(ry) /i na to m wahchenin e ohro tto a nmda/koer sthbe uren aisb nleo t for ebsrhe aatirh eI ,t ’bs estciflauinsge iint hise troeo –
by snow on mountains, that moves very slowly can we open a window?’
you park your car next to it T o get a ticket you must
down a valley W e are going to fly over the glacier in use the parking meter. stream (n) / striːm/ a small, narrow river
a helicopter this afternoon. We waded across a shallow stream.
pedestrian crossing (n) / pəˌdestriən ˈkrɒsɪŋ/
grasp (of) (n) / ɡrɑːsp/ a n understanding of sth a part of a road where vehicles must stop to allow subsistence (lifestyle) (n) / səbˈsɪstəns/ t he state
The author shows a weak grasp of military strategy. people to cross T o cross the road safely please use of having just enough money or food to stay
grassland (n) / ɡrɑːslænd/ a large area of open the pedestrian crossing. alive F amilies have a subsistence lifestyle, hunting
land covered with wild grass T he grassland is walruses, seals and whales in the spring.
currently at risk.
2 Wordlist © Oxford University Press Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition
Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 2 22/01/2014 11:33
sun (n) / sʌn/ t he star that shines in the sky bronze (adj) / brɒnz/ t o be a gold brown colour highly respected (adj) / ˈhaɪli rɪˈspektɪd/
during the day and gives the earth heat and light There’s a bronze statue outside the museum. admired by many people for their achievements
The sun usually sets earlier in winter. chest of drawers (BrE) dresser (NAmE) (n) or good qualities H e is highly respected in the
swamp (n) / swɒmp/ a n area of ground that /ˌtʃest əv ˈdrɔːz/ /ˈdrɛsə/ a piece of furniture business world.
is very wet or covered with water and in which with drawers for keeping clothes in C an you put hoard (v) / hɔːd/ t o accumulate for preservation,
plants, trees, etc. are growing T here are aligators your clothes away in the chest of drawers please? future use, etc., in a hidden or carefully guarded
in the swamp. clear out (n) / klɪə(r) aʊt/ a process of getting place D on’t hoard all your favourite sweets.
tedious (adj) / tiːdiəs/ l asting or taking too long rid of things that you no longer want I ’m going to huge (adj) / hjuːdʒ/ e xtremely large in size or
and not interesting T he journey soon became have a clear out at the weekend. amount H e gazed up at her with huge brown eyes.
tedious. clutter (n) / klʌtə(r)/ h aving too many things, so Indian (adj) / ɪndiən/ a type of cuisine, often
thriving (adj) / θraɪvɪŋ/ t o become, and continue that it is untidy T he room seems to be full of clutter. eaten as a take away T he first Indian curry
to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc. T he music coins (n) / kɔɪn / a small flat piece of metal used appeared in a British cookbook in the eighteenth
industry is thriving. as money I have lots of coins in my purse. century.
totally (adv) / təʊtəli/ w holly and completely colourful (adj) / kʌləfl/ f ull of bright colours or jewels (n) / dʒuːəl/ p ieces of jewellery or
They come from totally different cultures. having a lot of different colours T he male birds are decorative objects that contain precious stones
tundra (n) / tʌndrə/ t he large flat Arctic regions more colourful than the female birds. The family jewels are locked away in a safe.
of northern Europe, Asia and N America where no contemporary (adj) / kənˈtemprəri/ b elonging to junk (n) / dʒʌŋk/ t hings that are considered
trees grow and where the soil below the surface the same time I ’m not a fan of contemporary art. useless or of little value I ’ve cleared out all that old
of the ground is always frozen L ife in the tundra is controversial (adj) / kɒntrəˈvɜːʃl/ c ausing a lot junk that was in the attic.
isolated and cold. of angry public discussion and disagreement lift (BrE) elevator (NAmE) (n) / lɪft/ /ˈɛlɪveɪtə/ a
unacceptable (adj) / ʌnəkˈseptəbl/ t hat you Winston Churchill and Richard Nixon were both moving platform or cage for carrying passengers
cannot accept, allow or approve of S uch behaviour controversial figures. or freight from one level to another, as in a
is totally unacceptable in a civilized society. cooker (BrE) stove (NAmE) (n) / ˈkʊkə(r)/ /stəʊv/ building T he lift took us to the top floor.
unappealing (adj) / ʌnəˈpiːlɪŋ/ n ot attractive or a large piece of equipment for cooking food, loads of (n) / ləʊdz əv/ a large number or amount
pleasant T he room was painted in an unappealing containing an oven and gas or electric rings on of sb/sth; plenty I have loads of work to do after
shade of brown. top D on’t forget to turn off the cooker after using it. school.
universe (n) / juːnɪvɜːs/ t he whole of space and copper (adj) / kɒpə(r)/ r eddish-brown in colour mask (n) / mɑːsk/ a covering for part or all of the
everything in it, including the earth, the planets The copper sun sank into the sea. face, worn to hide or protect it T he robbers wore a
and the stars T he idea of a parallel universe is hard crushed (adj) / krʌʃt/ p ulverized, rendered into mask to disguise their faces.
to grasp. small, disconnected fragments I ’m looking for mind-blowing (adj) / ˈmaɪnd bləʊɪŋ/ v ery
utterly (adv) / ˈʌtərli/ u sed to emphasize how crushed aluminium cans. exciting, impressive or surprising W atching your
complete sth is W e’re so utterly different from each curtains (BrE) drapes (NAmE) (n) / ˈkɜːtn/ /dreɪp/ baby being born is a mind-blowing experience.
other. a piece of cloth that is hung to cover a window mountains of (n) / ˈmaʊntənz əv/ a very large
valuable (adj) / væljuəb/ v ery useful or important It was ten in the morning but the curtains were still amount or number of sth W e made mountains of
The book provides valuable information on recent drawn. sandwiches.
trends. dated (adj) / deɪtɪd / o ld-fashioned; belonging to much-anticipated (adj) / mʌtʃ ænˈtɪsɪpeɪtɪd/ t o
very (adv) / veri/ u sed before adjectives, adverbs a time in the past T he furniture is very dated. feel or realise beforehand T he business deal was
and determiners to mean ‘in a high degree’ or decaying (adj) / dɪˈkeɪɪŋ/ I mplies the much-anticipated.
‘extremely’ I’m not very impressed. deterioration from sound condition G o behind mummy (n) / ˈmʌmi/ a body of a human or an
vibrant (adj) / vaɪbrənt/ f ull of life and energy those decaying wooden buildings. animal that has been mummified T he museum
Thailand is at its most vibrant during the New Year delicate (adj) / delɪkət/ e asily damaged or broken has an Egyptian mummy.
celebrations. The eye is one of the most delicate organs of the body. never-ending (adj) / ˌnevər ˈendɪŋ/ s eeming to
visible (adj) / vɪzəbl/ t hat can be seen T he house drop out of (phr v) / drɒp aʊt əv/ t o no longer last for ever H ousework is a never-ending task.
is clearly visible from the beach. take part in or be part of sth I am going to drop out object (n) / ɒbdʒɪkt/ a thing that can be seen and
wasteful (adj) / weɪstfl/ u sing more of sth than is of science as it is too hard. touched, but is not alive G lass and plastic objects
necessary; not saving or keeping sth that could be dustbin (BrE) trash can (NAmE) (n) / ˈdʌstbɪn/ lined the shelves.
used T he whole process is wasteful and inefficient. a large container with a lid, used for putting opt out (phr v) / ˈɒpt aʊt/ t he act of choosing not
well-known (adj) / ˈwɛlˈnoʊn/ k nown about by a rubbish/garbage in, usually kept outside the to be involved in an agreement E veryone else went
lot of people H e is a well-known actor. house A  dustbin is a large container outside your on the school trip but I opted out.
worthwhile (adj) / wɜːθˈwaɪl/ w orth spending house where you throw things away. paper (adj) / peɪpə(r)/ m ade of paper or paperlike
time, money or effort on T he smile on her face experimental (adj) / ɪkˌsperɪˈmentl/ b ased on material S he made a paper aeroplane.
made it all worthwhile. new ideas, forms or methods that are used to find pick out (phr v) / pɪk aʊt/ t o choose sb/sth
out what effect they have T he equipment is still at carefully from a group of people or things I need
Unit 3
the experimental stage. to pick out some clothes for my interview tomorrow.
abstract (adj) / æbstrækt/ b ased on general ideas fast-paced (adj) / fɑːst peɪst/ i ncluding a lot of piles of (n) / paɪlz əv/ a quantity of things heaped
and not on any particular real person, thing or things happening quickly T he science fair was fast- together T here were piles of clothes everywhere.
situation T he research shows that young children paced and impressive. plastic (adj) / plæstɪk/ m ade of plastic C an you
are capable of thinking in abstract terms. flat (BrE) apartment (NAmE) (n) / flat/ /əˈpɑːtmənt/ pass me those plastic cups?
accumulate (v) / əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ t o gradually get a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a possession (n) / pəˈzeʃn/ s th that you have
more and more of sth over a period of time D ust building O ur flat is on the top floor. or own T he ring is one of her most treasured
and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned garden (BrE) yard (NAmE) (n) / ˈɡɑːdn/ /jɑːd/ possessions.
regularly. a piece of land next to or around your house pottery (n) / ˈpɒtəri/ p ots, dishes, etc. made with
aluminium (adj) / æljəˈmɪniəm/ o f, pertaining to, where you can grow flowers, fruit, vegetables, etc. clay that is baked in an oven H e has an extensive
or containing aluminium T he window frames are The children enjoy playing in the garden. collection of nineteenth-century pottery.
made from aluminium. German (adj) / dʒɜːmən/ o f or pertaining to products (n) / prɒdʌkt/ a thing that is grown
amass (v) / əˈmæs/ t o collect sth, especially in Germany, its inhabitants, or their language or produced, usually for sale W e are selling more
large quantities T hey are going to amass a wealth My friend is a German artist. products online than ever before.
of information together. get rid of (v) / ɡet rɪd əv/ t o make yourself free reach out (to) (phr v) / riːtʃ aʊt/ t o be seen or
antique (adj) / ænˈtiːk/ o ld and often valuable of sb/sth that is annoying you or that you do heard by sb S he uses her blog to reach out to teens.
That desk is an antique. not want; to throw sth away I can’t get rid of this rectangular (adj) / rekˈtæŋɡjələ(r)/ a flat shape
beaten (adj) / biːtn/ d efeated T hey expect to be headache. with four straight sides, two of which are longer
beaten at the next election. handmade (adj) / han(d)ˈmeɪd/ m ade by hand, than the other two, and four angles of 90° T here is
belongings (n) / bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz/ t he things that you not by machine, and typically therefore of superior a large rectangular table in the room.
own which can be moved, for example not land or quality H e has expensive handmade leather shoes. ripped (adj) / rɪpt/ t orn, either partly or into
buildings S he packed her few belongings in a bag heap of (n) / hiːp əv/ a lot of sth I ’ve got a heap of separate pieces O h no! My dress is ripped.
and left. things to do. rubbish (n) / rʌbɪʃ/ t hings that you throw away
bin (v) / bɪn/ t o throw away P lease bin your old heart-breaking (adj) / ˈhɑːtbreɪkɪŋ/ a strong because you no longer want or need them
socks! feeling of sadness I t’s heart-breaking to see him The streets were littered with rubbish.
breathtaking (adj) / ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/ v ery exciting or wasting his life like this. run out (of) (phr v) / rʌn aʊt/ t o use up or finish a
impressive (usually in a pleasant way) T he scene helmet (n) / ˈhelmɪt / a type of hard hat that supply of sth W e’ve run out of milk!
was one of breathtaking beauty. protects the head, worn, for example, by a police rusty (adj) / rʌsti/ c overed with rust T he car is
broad (adj) / brɔːd/ w ide T hey boy had broad officer, a soldier or a person playing some sports very rusty.
shoulders. Always wear a helmet when cycling on the road. sculpture (n) / ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/ a work of art that is a
broad-minded (adj) / ˌbrɔːd ˈmaɪndɪd/ w illing help out (phr v) / help aʊt/ t o help sb, especially solid figure or object made by carving or shaping
to listen to other people’s opinions and accept in a difficult situation H e’s always willing to help wood, stone, clay, metal, etc. T here is a sculpture at
behaviour that is different from your own S he was out. the entrance of the building.
very broad-minded!
Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition © Oxford University Press Wordlist 3
Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 3 22/01/2014 11:33
Wordlist
self-defeating (adj) / ˌself dɪˈfiːtɪŋ/ c ausing wear out (phr v) / weə(r) aʊt/ t o become, or engineer (n) / ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/ a person whose
more problems and difficulties instead of solving make sth become, thin or unusuable, usually job involves designing and building engines,
them; not achieving what you wanted to achieve because it has been used too much I wore out my machines, roads, bridges, etc. T hey’re sending an
but having an opposite effect P aying children shoes trekking in the Alps. engineer to fix the phone.
too much attention when they misbehave can be well documented (adj) / wiːl ˈdɒkjumentɪd/ flowing (adj) / ˈfləʊɪŋ/ ( especially of long hair or
self-defeating. having a lot of written evidence to prove, support clothing) hanging or draping loosely and gracefully
silk (adj) / sɪlk/ t o be made from a type of fine or explain it T he problem is well documented. Her flowing black hair framed her pretty face.
smooth cloth made from silk thread H er skin was well earned (adj) / ˌwel ˈɜːnd/ m uch deserved give sb a piece of your mind (idiom)
as smooth as silk. Her break was well earned! /ɡɪv ˈsʌmbədi ə piːs ɒv jɔː(r) maɪnd/ t o tell sb
smooth (adj) / smuːð/ c ompletely flat and well known (adj) / ˌwel ˈnəʊn/ k nown about by a that you disapprove of their behaviour or are angry
even, without any lumps, holes or rough areas lot of people H is books are not well known. with them I ’d like to give her a piece of my mind!
The painting had a smooth surface. wide ranging (adj) / ˌwaɪd ˈreɪndʒɪŋ/ i ncluding go out of your mind (idiom)
sort out (phr v) / sɔːt aʊt/ a n act of arranging or dealing with a large number of different /ɡəʊ aʊt ɒv jɔː(r) maɪnd/ t o be unable to think
or organizing the contents of sth in a tidy or subjects or areas T he commission has been given or behave in a normal way Y ou’re lending them
neat way and removing things you do not want wide ranging powers. money? You must be out of your mind!
I haven’t got time to sort out that stuff. winding (adj) / ˈwaɪndɪŋ/ h aving a curving and hard to swallow (idiom) / hɑːd tə ˈswɒləʊ/
spill out (phr v) / spɪl aʊt/ t o fill a container and twisting shape I t is a long and winding road. difficult to accept or not easy to believe T he terms
go over the edge M y tea spilled out onto the floor. of the agreement were hard to swallow.
witty (adj) / ˈwɪti/ a ble to say or write clever,
spread out (phr v) / spred aʊt/ t o stretch your amusing things S he often used witty remarks. heart (n) / hɑːt/ t he organ in the chest that sends
body or arrange your things over a large area blood around the body, usually on the left in
wooden (adj) / ˈwʊdn/ m ade of wood O ur dining
There’s more room to spread out in first class. humans T he patient’s heart stopped beating for a
table is wooden.
stacks of (n) / stæks ɒv/ a large number or amount few seconds.
of sth; a lot of sth I ’ve got stacks of work to do. Unit 4 imperfection (n) / ˌɪmpəˈfekʃn/ a fault or
satnaitmuael  (inn) s t/ oˈsnteæ, tmʃueːt/a l,a e fitgc,u urseu oafl lay ptheers soanm oer sainze addiction (n) / əˈdɪkʃn/ t he condition of being wtheea pkaninestisn ign issb a/ sscthra tT chhe i no nthlye scloigrhnte irm. perfection in
addicted to sth H e is now fighting his addiction to
as in real life or larger T he statue of Queen Victoria alcohol. keep in mind (idiom) / kiːp ɪn maɪnd/
was made of bronze. to remember sb/sth I ’ll keep that in mind for future
striking (adj) / straɪkɪŋ/ i nteresting and unusual ahgatgrreeds sthioant  m(na) y/ əreˈɡsureltʃ inn/ thf ereealitnegnsi nogf aonr gveior laenndt reference.
enough to attract attention S he bears a striking behaviour T he research shows that computer lifeless (adj) / ˈlaɪfləs/ d ead or appearing to be
resemblance to her older sister. dead H e knelt beside her lifeless body.
games may cause aggression.
mstuatffe r(nia)l , / gsrtoʌufp/ ou fs eodb jteoc rtes,f eert ct.o w ah seunb ystoaun dceo, not artery (n) / ˈɑːtəri/ a ny of the tubes that carry clilveearn (sn t)h / eˈ lbɪvloəo(rd) /a na d la prgroed ourcgeasn b iinle t hH ei sb loivdeyr wthaast
blood from the heart to other parts of the body
know the name W hat’s all this stuff on my desk? very healthy.
There is a severed artery in his wrist.
simtupnrnesinsigv e(a dY oj)u / lsotoʌkn aɪŋb/s oe luxtterelym steulyn naitntrga!ctive or baldness (n) / bɔːldnəs/ h aving little or no hair on lcuhnegsts  t(hna) t / ylʌoŋu/ u e seit hfoerr borfe tahteh itnwgo S omrgoaknins gin c tahne
the head H e wore a hat to hide his baldness.
twarbitlientg ( no)n / iˈtt æT hbilsə tta/ ba le flt aist fproiemce A onfc sietnotn Eeg tyhpatt. has be in two minds (idiom) / bi ɪn tuː maɪndz/ t o be dmaamkae guep y yoouur lru mngins.d (idiom)
unable to decide what you think about sb/sth, or
take out (phr v) / ˈteɪk aʊt/ t o move sth from one whether to do sth or not S he’s in two minds about /meɪk ʌp jɔː(r) maɪnd/ t o decide sth T hey’re both
place to another I am going to take all of these accepting his invitation. beautiful – I can’t make up my mind.
ctalontghleesd o u(atd ojf) m/ tyæ wŋaɡrlddr/o bt we.isted together in an bthoen sek (enle) to/ bnə oʊfn t/h ea n byo odfy t ohfe a h haurdm paanr tosr t ahna ta fnoirmma l mthienmd  a(nb)l e/ mtoa bɪne da/w t ahree opfa trht ionfg as ,p teor stohnin tkh aant dm akes
untidy way Y ou need to brush your hair, it’s all He survived the accident and didn’t even break a bone. to feel T here were all kinds of thoughts running
tangled in knots! through my mind.
tap (BrE) faucet (NAmE) (n) / tap/ /ˈfɔːsɪt/ cboranitnro (lns) m / borveeɪmn/e nt ht, et hoorguagnh tin, msideem tohrey haenadd f ethealitn g (there is) more to sb than meets the eye (idiom)
a device that controls the flow of water from a There is a lot of damage to the brain. /ðeə(r) aɪz mɔː(r) tə ˈsʌmbədi ðæn miːts ðə aɪ/
pipe T urn the tap on/off to control the water flow. a person or thing is more complicated or
tnhoitn ugs (en b) e/ cθaɪŋu/s ea yno oub djeoc nt owth noeseed n taom oer wyoaun td too , ubnrehaakp spby’ s I ht beraerat k(isd mioym h)e a rt to t om saekee y osbu fliekeel tvheisr.y iknntoewre, stthinerge tihs mano yreo uto m heigr htht athni mnke aetts fi trhset eI y deo.n’t
or because you do not know it S he’s very fond of burden (n) / ˈbɜːdn/ a duty, responsibility, obesity (n) / əʊˈbiːsəti/ v ery fat, in a way that is
sweet things. etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work not healthy O besity can increase the risk of heart
thought provoking (adj) / ˈθɔːt prəvəʊkɪŋ/ Tthhee  smtaatien. burden of caring for old people falls on disease.
making people think seriously about a particular pearly (adj) / ˈpɜːli/ o f or like a pearl S he had
subject or issue A brilliant and thought-provoking cause (n) / kɔːz/ t he person or thing that makes pearly white teeth.
sth happen U nemployment is a major cause of
play. poverty. ribs (n) / rɪb/ a ny of the curved bones that are
ythoruo nwo o lount g(pehr rw va) n/ tθ rI ə aʊm a gʊoti/n gt o t og etht rroidw o ofu stt hal lt hmayt change your mind (idiom) / tʃeɪndʒ jɔː(r) maɪnd/ cHoen bnroeckete hdis t ori btsh pe lsapyiinneg faonodt bsaulrlr.ound the chest
to change a decision or an opinion N othing will
old clothes! make me change my mind. screen (n) / skriːn/ t he flat surface at the front
Otinnyly ( aa dtijn) y/ mtaiɪnnoir/ itv ye hroyl dsm suacllh i nex stirzeem oer vaimewosu.nt come to your senses (idiom) / kʌm tə jɔː(r) sensɪz/ odfe av itceel,e ovnis iwohni, ccho myopuu steeer, poirc otuthreesr oerle icntfroornmica tion
tool (n) / tuːl/ a n instrument such as a hammer, creaaussoen saobmlye aofnteer t ao p(oerr isotdar ot ft ofo) ltlyh ionrk i rarnadti obneahlaitvye They were staring at the television screen.
screwdriver, saw, etc. that you hold in your hand I wish you should come to your senses and look for shift (v) / ʃɪft/ t o move, or move sth, from one
and use for making things, repairing things, etc. a better job. position or place to another C ould you help me
Always select the right tools for the job. shift some furniture?
torch (BrE) flashlight (NAmE) (n) / tɔːtʃ/ /ˈflaʃlʌɪt/ tcoro csosm yoe uinr tmo iynodu (ri dmioinmd) I t/ k nreɒvse rj ɔcrːo(rs)s emda mɪnyd m/ in d short-sightedness (adj) / ˌʃɔːt ˈsaɪtɪdnəs/ a ble
a small electric lamp that uses batteries and that that she might lose. to see things clearly only if they are very close to
you can hold in your hand S he used a torch to find you H er short-sightedness meant she missed most
her way in the dark. deafness (n) / defnəs/ u nable to hear anything of the play.
or unable to hear very well H is deafness has never
transparent (adj) / trænsˈpærənt/ a llowing you affected him in life. shrivelled (adj) / ˈʃrɪvld/ t o become or make sth
to see through it T he insect’s wings are almost dry and wrinkled as a result of heat, cold or being
transparent. depression (n) / dɪˈpreʃn/ a medical condition old H e was a shrivelled old man.
in which a person feels very sad and anxious
triangular (adj) / traɪˈæŋɡjələ(r)/ s haped like a and often has physical symptoms such as being skin (n) / skɪn/ t he layer of tissue that covers the
triangle S he has very broad triangular shoulders. unable to sleep, etc. S he suffered from severe body T he snake sheds its skin once a year.
troubling (adj) / ˈtrʌblɪŋ/ c ausing stress or depression after losing her job. skull (n) / skʌl/ t he bone structure that forms
apnrixmieet my iT nhisitse irs. a troubling development for the dtoig re yfouuser htoe edlos sinth ( iodri otom c) h/ adnɪgɡ ej ɔyːo(ur)r hmiːinlzd ɪ anb/ o ut tHheer  shkeualdl w aansd d saumrraoguendd isn a tnhde apcrcoitdeecntts. the brain
vase (n) / vɑːz/ a container made of glass, etc, sth T hey dug in their heels and would not lower the slip your mind (idiom) / slɪp jɔː(r) maɪnd/ t o
used for holding cut flowers or as a decorative price. forget sth or forget to sth I ’m sorry I didn’t tell you.
object C an you put the flowers in the vase? disability (n) / dɪsəˈbɪləti/ a physical or mental It completely slipped my mind.
wardrobe (BrE) closet (NAmE) (n) condition that means you cannot use a part of (have) sth on your mind (idiom)
/ˈwɔːdrəʊb/ /ˈklɒzɪt/ a large cupboard for your body completely or easily, or that you cannot /əv ˈsʌmθɪŋ ɒn jɔː(r) maɪnd/ i f sb/sth is on your
hanging clothes in which is either a piece of learn easily H is disability means he is entitled to mind, you are thinking and worrying about them/
furniture or built into the wall T he house has a extra support. it a lot D on’t bother your father tonight – he’s got a
fitted wardrobe in every bedroom. dismally (adv) / ˈdɪzməli/ c ausing or showing lot on his mind.
weapons (n) / ˈwepən/ a n object such as a sadness T he completion rates this year are dismally spine (n) / spaɪn/ t he row of small bones that are
knife, gun, bomb, etc. that is used for fighting low. connected together down the middle of the back
or attacking sb T he police still haven’t found the I hurt my spine when I fell over during football.
murder weapons.
4 Wordlist © Oxford University Press Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition
Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 4 22/01/2014 11:33
stomach (n) / ˈstʌmək/ t he organ inside the body encourage (v) / ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ t o give sb support, pinnacle (n) / ˈpɪnəkl/ t he most important or
where food goes when you swallow it I t’s not a courage or hope B anks actively encourage people successful part of sth S he had reached the pinnacle
good idea to swim on an empty stomach. to borrow money. of her career.
take your mind off sth (idiom) / teɪk jɔː(r) enlarge (v) / ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/ t o make sth bigger T here point out (phr v) / pɔɪnt aʊt/ t o mention sth in
maɪnd ɒf ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ t o make you forget about sth are plans to enlarge the recreation area. order to give sb information about it or make
unpleasant for a short time P ainting helped take ensure (v) / ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/ t o make sure that sth them notice it S he tried in vain to point out the
her mind off her troubles. happens or is definite P lease ensure all lights are seriousness of the situation.
vein (n) / veɪn/ a ny of the tubes that carry blood switched off. preface (n) / ˈprefəs/ a n introduction I t is important
from all parts of the body towards the heart entitle (v) / ɪnˈtaɪtl/ t o give sb the right to have or to preface the debate with a general comment.
The nurse was having trouble finding a vein in his arm. to do sth T his ticket entitles you to travel first class. protagonist (n) / prəˈtæɡənɪst/ t he main
warts and all (idiom) / wɔːts ænd ɔːl/ i ncluding entrust (v) / ɪnˈtrʌst/ t o make sb responsible for character in a play, film or book H e is a leading
all the bad or unpleasant features of sb/sth T he doing sth or taking care of sb M um has entrusted protagonist of the conservation movement.
documentary shows the life of a fashion model, me to cook Christmas dinner! quirky (adj) / ˈkwɜːki/ a n aspect of sb’s
warts and all. expressive (adj) / ɪkˈspresɪv/ s howing or able personality or behaviour that is a little strange
watery (adj) / ˈwɔːtəri / o f or like water H er eyes to show your thoughts and feelings S he has She has a quirky sense of humour.
were red and watery. wonderfully expressive eyes. riveting (adj) / ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ/ s o interesting or exciting
(a) weight off your shoulders (idiom) for what it’s worth (idiom) / fɔː(r) wɒt ɪts wɜːθ/ that it holds your attention completely A s usual,
/weɪt ɒf jɔː(r) ˈʃəʊldəz/ t o relieve yourself of used to emphasize that what you are saying is only she gave a riveting performance.
a burden, normally sth that has been troubling/ your own opinion or suggestion and may not be ruthless (adj) / ˈruːθləs/ d etermined to get what
worrying you I t will be a weight off your shoulders very helpful I prefer this colour, for what it’s worth. you want and not caring if you hurt other people
when you finish your dissertation. for your information (idiom) The way she behaved towards him was utterly
Unit 5 /fɔː(r) jɔː(r) ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ u sed to tell sb that they ruthless.
are wrong about sth F or your information, I don’t slip on (phr v) / ˈslɪp ɒn/ t o put clothes on or to
abuse (n) / əˈbjuːs/ r ude and offensive remarks even have a car. take them off quickly and easily H e slipped a coat
I couldn’t stand the abuse, so I left. from my point of view (idiom) over his sweatshirt.
add on (phr v) / ˈæd ɒn/ m ake an addition to /frɒm maɪ pɔɪnt ɒv vjuː ː/ y our personal spine (n) / spaɪn/ t he narrow part of the cover
She added an extra week on to her holiday. judgment or opinion about sth F rom my point of of a book that the pages are joined to T he spine
as far as I know (idiom) / eɪz fɑː(r) eɪz aɪ nəʊ/ view, the party was a complete success. looks very worn.
used to say that you think you know, remember, front cover (n) / frʌnt ˈkʌvə(r)/ a book cover is switch on (phr v) / swɪtʃ ɒn/ t o turn a light,
understand, etc. sth but you cannot be completely any protective covering used to bind together the machine, etc. off/on by pressing a button or
sure, especially because you do not know all the pages of a book T he front cover looks amazing. switch C an you switch on the lights please?
facts A s far as I know, there is no cause for concern. glossary (n) / ˈɡlɒsəri/ a list of technical or take your point (idiom) / teɪk jɔː(r) pɔɪnt /
as soon as possible (idiom) / eɪz suːn eɪz ˈpɒsəbl/ special words, especially those in a particular text, accept the validity of someone’s idea or argument
as quickly, much, soon, etc. as you can W e will get explaining their meanings T here is a glossary of Okay, I take your point.
your order to you as soon as possible. financial terms at the back. thanks in advance (phr) / θæŋks ɪn ədˈvɑːns /
at some point (idiom) / æt səm pɔɪnt/ a non- go on (phr v) / ɡuːn/ t o continue L ife must go on. used to show that you are grateful to sb for sth
specific time in the future A t some point, I will gripping (adj) / ˈɡrɪpɪŋ/ e xciting or interesting they have done T hanks in advance for agreeing to
become a teacher. in a way that keeps your attention H is books are lend me the money.
back cover (n) / bæk ˈkʌvə/ t he back part of the always so gripping. the point is (idiom) / ðə pɔɪnt aɪz/ s tating in
cover of a book or magazine I only read the back hardback (n) / ˈhɑːdbæk/ a book that has a stiff your opinion the meaning about what is actually
cover. cover W hat’s the price of the hardback? happening T he point is, you shouldn’t have to wait
bibliography (n) /ˌbɪbliˈɒɡrəfi/ a list of books, index (n) / ˈɪndeks/ a list of names or topics that so long to see a doctor.
etc. that have been used by sb writing an article, are referred to in a book, etc, usually arranged at throw on (phr v) / θrəʊ ɒn/ t o put on a piece
etc. T here is a useful bibliography at the end of each the end of a book in alphabetical order or listed in of clothing quickly and carelessly I threw on my
chapter. a separate file or book L ook it up in the index. clothes before breakfast.
by the way (idiom) / baɪ ðə weɪ/ u sed to insightful (adj) / ˈɪnsaɪtfʊl/ s howing a clear title page (n) / ˈtaɪtl peɪdʒ/ a page at the front of
introduce a comment or question that is not understanding of a person or situation T hank you a book that has the title and the author’s name on
directly related to what you have been talking for the insightful comments. it T he title page is found at the front of the book.
about B y the way, I found that book you were intricate (adj) / ˈɪntrɪkət/ h aving a lot of different too much information /tuː mʌtʃ ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/
looking for. parts and small details that fit together T hey have an expression indicating that someone has
bye for now (idiom) / baɪ fɔː(r) naʊ/ u sed to an intricate network of consumers. revealed information that is too personal and
express good wishes when parting or at the end keep on (phr v) / kiːp ɒn/ t o speak to sb often made the listener or reader uncomfortable O kay,
of a conversation O kay then, bye for now! and in an annoying way about sb/sth I’ll do it – just that’s too much information!
carry on (phr v) / ˈkæri ɒn/ t o continue without don’t keep on at me about it! touching (adj) / ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/ c ausing feelings of pity
stopping T hey will carry on misbehaving. laugh out loud (jargon) / ˈlɑːf aʊt laʊd/ or sympathy; making you feel emotional I t was a
cheer on (phr v) / tʃɪə(r) ɒn/ t o give shouts of extremely funny T he best scenes in the movie made touching story that moved many of us to tears.
encouragement to sb in a race, competition, me laugh out loud. transcend (v) / trænˈsend/ t o be or go beyond the
etc. I ’ve come to the football game to cheer on my live on (phr v) / lɪv ɒn/ t o have enough money usual limits of sth T hey transcend time and space.
brother! for the basic things you need to live M y salary isn’t turn on (phr v) / ˈtɜːn ɒn/ t o start sth by pressing
chilling (adj) / ˈtʃɪlɪŋ/ f rightening, usually enough for us to live on. a switch or a button I turn on my computer and
because it is connected with sth violent or cruel meaningful (adj) / ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ i ntended to check Facebook before going to school.
The film evokes chilling reminders of the war. communicate or express sth to sb, without any up to a point (idiom) / ʌp tə ə pɔɪnt/ t o some
cling on (phr v) / klɪŋ ɒn/ t o be unwilling to get words being spoken S he gave me a meaningful degree but not completely I agree with you up to
rid of sth, or stop doing sth H e had one last hope look. a point.
to cling on to. move on (phr v) / muːv ɒn/ t o start doing or urge on (phr v) / ɜːdʒ ɒn/ t o encourage sb to do
come on (phr v) / ˈkʌm ɒn/ u sed in orders to tell discussing sth new C an we move on to the next sth or support them so that they do it better S he
sb to hurry or to try harder C ome on! We don’t item on the agenda? could hear him urging her on as she ran.
have much time. moving (adj) / ˈmuːvɪŋ/ c ausing you to have villain (n) / ˈvɪlən/ t he main bad character in a
complex (adj) / ˈkɒmpleks/ m ade of many deep feelings of sadness or sympathy I t is a deeply story, play, etc. H e often plays the part of the villain.
different things or parts that are connected moving experience. you only live once (interjection)
The human brain is very complex. on the point of (phr v) / ɒn ðə pɔɪnt ɒv/ a t /ju ˈəʊnli lɪv wʌns/ m otto to convey that one
contents page (n) / kənˈtents peɪdʒ/ a list of the the moment immediately before a specified should take risks and live life to the fullest because
different sections that are contained in a book condition, action, etc, is expected to begin I am you probably won’t get another chance to do it
The contents page will help you find what you are on the point of resigning. Do the bungee jump – you only live once!
looking for. in my humble opinion (idiom)
Unit 6
dust jacket (n) / ˈdʌst dʒækɪt/ a paper cover on /ɪn maɪ ˈhʌmbl əˈpɪnjən/ a phrase introducing
a book that protects it but that can be removed the speaker’s opinion I n my humble opinion, it’s a accountability (n) / əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti/ r esponsible
Take the dust jacket off the book before reading. very sound investment. for your decisions or actions and expected
empower (v) / ɪmˈpaʊə(r)/ t o give sb the power paperback (n) / ˈpeɪpəbæk/ a book that has to explain them when you are asked L ack of
or authority to do sth T here are lots of ways to a thick paper cover W hen is it coming out in accountability has corroded public respect for
empower the poor. paperback? business and political leaders.
enable (v) / ɪˈneɪbl/ t o make it possible for sb perceptive (adj) / pəˈseptɪv/ h aving or showing (set the) agenda (n) / əˈdʒendə/ a list of items to
to do sth T he evidence will enable us to come to a the ability to see or understand things quickly, be discussed at a meeting C an you set the agenda
conclusion. especially things that are not obvious I t was very for tomorrow’s meeting?
enclose (v) / ɪnˈkləʊz/ t o build a wall, fence, etc. perceptive of you to notice that.
around sth I will enclose the yard with iron railings.
Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition © Oxford University Press Wordlist 5
Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 5 22/01/2014 11:33
Wordlist
archival footage (n) / ˈɑːkɑɪvl ˈfʊtɪdʒ/ film or lighting (n) / ˈlaɪtɪŋ/ t he arrangement or type Unit 7
video footage from the past that can be used in of light in a place T he building needs improved
other films T he program takes a look at the class security and lighting. adolescent (n) / ˌædəˈlesnt/ a young person
who is developing from a child into an adult
with archival footage from the 1960’s. location (n) / ləʊˈkeɪʃn/ a place where sth Adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 may face
(to be) armed (with) (adj) / ɑːmd/ f urnished with happens or exists O ur honeymoon will be in a problems at school.
weapons B e careful, they are going to be armed secret location.
and dangerous. out of character (idiom) / aʊt ɒv ˈkærəktə(r)/ awhaesa edx poef cttimede  (W ade jfi) n/ iəshˈheedd fi ɒftvee tna ɪmmin/ ue teasr laiehre tahda n
audio engineer (n) / ˈɔːdiəʊ ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/ not typical of a person’s character H er behaviour of time.
a person whose job it is to alter and balance the last night was completely out of character.
levels of different sounds as they are recorded out of favour (idiom) / aʊt ɒv ˈfeɪvə(r)/ aShlle t hleea vtiems teh (ea ldigvh) ts/ ɔ oːnl ðaəll tthaeɪm tim/ ev .ery often
He has got a job as an audio engineer for the BBC. disapproval or support for sb/sth H e is out of
axe (v) / æks/ t o get rid of a service, system or sb’s favour with the boss! (fefeeel lr)e alat xeeads ea n(idd icoomn)fi d/ æentt i,ː nzo/ tt noe mrvaokues s obr
job P atients are delighted their local hospital has out on a limb (idiom) / aʊt ɒn ə lɪm / n ot embarrassed T ry to make the candidate feel at ease
been saved from the axe. supported by other people A re you prepared to go by being friendly and informal.
bMayc pka (rve)n t/ sb bæakc/k et do mgiyv ed ehceislpio onr t osu mpopvoer ta b road. oouutt oonf ao nliem’sb d?epth (idiom) / aʊt ɒv jɔː(r) depθ/ aa tk onnoew tnim bue t( iudniospme)c i/ fiæetd w pʌasnt tpaeɪrmio/d i nS oher dwuarsin ag
ban (v) / bæn/ t o decide or say officially that sth is to be in a situation that you cannot control I felt nurse at one time.
not allowed T here was a campaign to ban smoking totally out of my depth in my new job.
at the best of times (idiom)
in public places. plea (n) / pliː/ a n urgent emotional request S he /æt ðə best ɒv taɪmz/ e ven when the
bid (v) / bɪd/ t o offer to provide a service for made an impassioned plea for help. circumstances are very good H e’s never very happy
a particular price, in competition with other prop (n) / prɒp/ a small object used by actors at the best of times – he’ll be much worse now!
companies T hey lost the bid to host the Olympics. during a performance H e is responsible for all the at the same time (idiom) / æt ðə seɪm taɪm/
boom (n) / buːm/ a sudden increase in trade and stage props and lighting. at one time, together S he was laughing and crying
economic activity W e have had a boom in car sales. quit  (v) / kwɪt/ t o stop doing sth or to leave your at the same time.
(expose) corruption (n) / kəˈrʌpʃn / d ishonest job, school, etc. I f I don’t get more money I’ll quit. be yourself (idiom) / bi jɔːˈself/ t o act naturally
or illegal behaviour, especially of people in riddle (n) / ˈrɪdl/ a question that is difficult to People will prefer it if you just be yourself.
ainu gthooverirtnym I et nist .important that we expose corruption uyonud earsskt asnbd a,s a an dg atmhaet hI aasm a gsouirnpgr itsoin sgo lavne stwhee rr,i dthdalet! bhaepfopreen minyg t bimefeo r(eid yioomu )w e/ breɪˈ fbɔoːr(nr) omr acaɪ nta ɪm/
costume designer (n) / ˈkɒstjuːm dɪˈzaɪnə/ rigged (v) / rɪɡd/ t o arrange or influence sth in a remember or before you lived, worked, etc.
a person who designs costumes for plays and dishonest way in order to get the result that you somewhere T he first landing on the moon was
films S he was a costume designer for the theatre want He said the election had been rigged. before my time.
company. (spread a) rumour (n) / ˈruːmə(r)/ a piece of behind the times (idiom) / bɪˈhaɪnd ðə taɪmz/
cover-up (n) / ˈkʌvər ʌp/ a ction that is taken to information, or a story, that people talk about, but old-fashioned in your ideas, methods, etc.
hide a mistake or illegal activity from the public that may not be true P lease don’t spread rumours You’re so behind the times!
Gdeolvibeernramtee ncot vseoru-rucpe.s denied there had been a about people. breathe life into (idiom) / briːð laɪf ˈɪntə/ t o
(fall for a) scam (n) / skæm/ a clever and improve sth by introducing new ideas and making
(lack) credibility (n) / ˌkredəˈbɪləti/ t he quality dishonest plan for making money B e careful not to people more interested in it T he results of their
that sb/sth has that makes people believe or trust fall for the phone scam. research have breathed new life into the debate.
them T hey lack credibility. (musical) score (n) / skɔː(r)/ t he music written for brush off (phr v) / ˈbrʌʃ ɒf/ a rejection or dismissal
crowd funding (n) / ˈkraʊdfʌndɪŋ/ t he practice a film/movie or play T hey won an award for best of sth by treating it as unimportant S he brushed
of funding a project or venture by raising many original score. off her poor results and continued studying.
small amounts of money from a large number
of people, typically via the internet M usicians, scramble (up) (v) / ˈskræmbl/ t o move quickly, call off (phr v) / kɔːl ɒf/ t o cancel sth T hey have
especially with difficulty, using your hands to help called off their engagement.
filmmakers, and artists have successfully raised funds
and fostered awareness through crowd funding. you S he managed to scramble up the wall. childish (adj) / ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ/ b ehaving in a stupid or
screenplay (n) / ˈskriːnpleɪ/ t he words that are silly way D on’t be so childish!
sctuhr bb a(vd) H / keɜ nːbee/ dt so t oc olenatrrno lt oo rc luimrbi th sist hte, mesppeer.c ially written for a film/movie (= the script), together cross off (phr v) / krɒs ɒf/ t o draw a line through
with instructions for how it is to be acted and a person’s name or an item on a list because they/
delve (into) (v) / delv/ t o search for sth inside a filmed S he won an Oscar for the film’s screenplay. it is no longer required or involved W e can cross
bag, container, etc. L et me delve into your bag. scriptwriter (n) / ˈskrɪptraɪtə(r)/ a person who his name off; he’s not coming.
danedva sshtoactekedd ( adH ji)s f/ aˈdmeivlyə iss taebɪtsoɪdlu/ tee lxyt dreemvaesltya tuepds. et wrarditioes p tlhaeys w T ohrde ss cforirp fitwlmriste/mr woivlli ewsr,i ttee ltehvei spiolany .and cSuhet ofefflt  (vpehryr vcu) t/ oˈkffʌ ftr oɒmf/ sot oci iestoyl.ate or be separate
dstoycleu t-og asnpdreaa (dn p) r ofi plamg athnadta u sW esh edno cI wumatecnhteadr yit , secxraumtiinniez esb (v/s) th/ ˈ sckarreufːutəllyn aS ɪzh/e  lt eoa lnoeodk f aotr woar rd to idne oprednedr eton ts u(ardvijv) e/ doɪrˈ pbeen sduəcncet/s sn fuele dY oinug c sabn/’ts tbhe
I was shocked by how manipulative it was. It was not scrutinize their faces. dependent on your parents all your life.
a documentary, it was docu-ganda.
explore (v) / ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ t o travel to or around an sphraoctt oicne loofc fialtmioinn g(i dinio amn )a c/ ʃtuɒatl ɒsnet ltəinʊgˈk reaɪtʃhne/r t han danydn aam stirco (nagd jp) e/ rdsaoɪnˈnaælitmy ɪS kh/ eh isa av idnygn aa mloitc o lef aedneerr.gy
area or a country in order to learn about it I want on a sound stage T he film will be shot on location.
to explore many different countries. ease off (phr v) / iːz ɒf/ t o become or make sth
(trace) sources (n) / sɔːs/ a person, book or become less strong, unpleasant, etc. W e will wait
fly-on-the-wall (style) (adj) / flaɪ ɒn ðə wɔːl/ document that provides information, especially until the rain eases off.
doing sth or watching/filming sb without them for study, a piece of written work or news
noticing F ly-on-the-wall documentaries are really The journalist refused to reveal his sources. elderly (adj) / ˈeldəli/ u sed as a polite word
for ‘old’ They are an elderly couple.
interesting.
gem (n) / dʒem/ a  precious stone that has been satraragnegde (ds cfoenr eeffs)e (catd jT ) h/ es pteroɪdgʒradm/ md eel ihbaedr asttealgye d every walk of life (idiom) / ˈevri wɔːk ɒv laɪf/
every status and occupation W e invited people
cut and polished and is used in jewellery A crown scenes.
from every walk of life, but only those who could
is often studded with gems.
storyboard artist (n) / ˈstɔːribɔːd aːtɪst/ afford the long drive could possibly come.
go viral (phr v) / ɡəʊ ˈvaɪrəl/ a n image, video, a profession specialized in creating storyboards
or link that spreads rapidly through a population for advertising agencies and film productions experienced (adj) / ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ h aving
knowledge or skill in a particular job or activity
by being frequently shared with a number of He was a storyboard artist.
He’s very experienced in looking after animals.
individuals online W e will go viral with this YouTube
video. storyline (n) / ˈstɔːrilaɪn/ t he basic story in a fend off (phr v) / fend ɒf/ t o protect yourself from
novel, play, film/movie, etc. T he storyline was
sth, especially by avoiding them S he managed to
(make) headlines (n) / ˈhedlaɪn/ t he most based on a true story.
fend off questions about new tax increases.
important items of news, at the beginning of a
news programme or at the start of a newspaper stuntman (n) / ˈstʌntmæn/ a person who does fight off (phr v) / faɪt ɒf/ t o resist sb/sth by
dangerous things in place of an actor T he actor
article T hat announcement is going to make the fighting against them/it T he jeweller was stabbed
had a stuntman for some of the dangerous scenes.
headlines. as he tried to fight the robbers off.
in one’s element (idiom) / ˈelɪmənt/ d oing what sTwhee beopa (tv w) a/ ssw swiːepp/ t t oou rte tom soevae. quickly with force foolish (adj) / ˈfuːlɪʃ/ n ot showing good sense or
you are good at and enjoy W hen skating, I am in judgement I was foolish enough to believe what
my element. terrified (adj) / ˈterɪfaɪd/ v ery frightened Jeff told me.
itnh astt eapre w thiteh s (aidmioem as) o/ ɪtnh esrt eppe owpɪlðe’/s h Y aovuirn pgl aidnesa asr e Iv’moi cteer-roifiveedr  o(nf )s p/ iˈdveɔrɪss! əʊvə(r)/ i nformation or ffoorr ath seh otirmt pee breioindg o f( itdimiome b) u/ tf ɔnːo(rt )p ðeərm taaɪnme nˈbtliyː ɪŋ /
in step with the company’s. comments in a film/movie, television programme, You can leave your suitcase here for the time being.
etc. that are given by a person who is not seen on
in the limelight (idiom) / ɪn ðə ˈlaɪmlaɪt/ t he the screen S he does the voice-over for that TV show. from time to time (idiom) / frɒm taɪm tə taɪm/
centre of public attention S he is always in the occasionally but not regularly S he has to work at
limelight. vow (n) / vaʊ/ a formal and serious promise to do weekends from time to time.
sth N uns take a vow of chastity.
oinr thhaep opffienn sgo (oidni oI mhe) a/ rɪ tnh eðrəe ˈaɒrfeɪ mŋ/o rl iek estlay ffto c haapnpgeeasr vulnerable (adj) / ˈvʌlnərəbl/ w eak and easily sgteht wawroanyg w ainthd  (npohtr b ve) p/ ɡuentis əhˈewde fɪo wr iɪtð /D ot on ’dt boe
in the offing. hurt physically or emotionally O ld people are tempted to cheat – you’ll never get away with it.
particularly vulnerable to the flu.
6 Wordlist © Oxford University Press Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition
Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 6 22/01/2014 11:33
get up to (phr v) / ɡet ʌp tə/ t o be busy with sth, shrug off (phr v) / ʃrʌɡ ɒf/ t o treat sth as if it is distressing (n) / dɪˈstresɪŋ/ m aking you feel
especially sth surprising or unpleasant S he’s been not important S he decided to shrug off her injury extremely upset, especially because of sb’s
getting up to her old tricks again! and continue playing. suffering W hat could be more distressing than the
get your own way (idiom) / ɡet jɔː(r) əʊn weɪ/ stand on your own two feet (idiom) / stænd ɒn death of their only child?
to get or do what you want, especially when sb jɔː(r) əʊn tuː fiːt/ t o be independent and able to (maintain an) ecosystem (n) / ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/
has tried to stop you S he always gets her own way take care of yourself W hen his parents died he had all the plants and living creatures in a particular
in the end. to learn to stand on his own two feet. area considered in relation to their physical
give in to (phr v) / ɡɪv ɪn tə/ t o agree to do sth supportive (adj) / səˈpɔːtɪv/ g iving help, environment S cientists are working hard to
you don’t want M um finally gave in and bought me encouragement or sympathy to sb S he was very maintain the ecosystem.
a Smartphone. supportive during my father’s illness. emergency (n) / iˈmɜːdʒənsi/ a sudden serious
go on about (phr v) / ɡəʊ ɒn əˈbaʊt/ t o talk vulnerable (adj) / ˈvʌlnərəbl/ w eak and easily and dangerous event or situation which needs
about sb/sth for a long time, especially in a boring hurt physically or emotionally W e should protect immediate action to deal with it T his door should
or complaining way H e liked to go on about how the most vulnerable members of our society. only be used in an emergency.
wealthy he once was. warn off (phr v) / wɔːn ɒf/ t o tell sb to leave or empathy (for) (n) / ˈempəθi/ t he ability to
in next to no time (idiom) / ɪn nekst tə nəʊ taɪm/ stay away from a place or person, especially in a understand another person’s feelings, experience,
so soon or so quickly that it is surprising T he kids threatening way T he farmer warned us off his land etc. I t’s hard to feel empathy for some criminals.
will be leaving home in next to no time. when we tried to camp there. face the music (idiom) / feɪs ðə ˈmjuːzɪk/ t o
in the course of time (idiom) / ɪn ðə kɔːs ɒv taɪm/ wear off (phr v) / weə(r) ɒf/ t o gradually accept and deal with criticism or punishment for
when enough time has passed I t is possible that in disappear or stop T he effects of the drug will soon sth you have done T he others all ran off, leaving
the course of time a cure for cancer will be found. wear off. me to face the music.
in the nick of time (idiom) / ɪn ðə nɪk ɒv taɪm/ wise (adj) / waɪz/ a ble to make sensible decisions face up to (the facts) (idiom) / feɪs ʌp tə/ t o
at the very last moment T hey escaped from the and give good advice because of the experience accept and deal with sth that is difficult or
smoke-filled house in the nick of time. and knowledge that you have I ’m older and wiser unpleasant S he had to face up to the fact that she
independent (adj) / ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ c onfident after ten years in the business. would never walk again.
and free to do things without needing help from youthful (adj) / ˈjuːθfl/ t ypical of young people (standard) fare (n) / feə(r)/ f ood that is offered as
other people G oing away to college has made me She brings youthful enthusiasm to the job. a meal T he new Café serves traditional fare.
much more independent. (prevent) fires (n) / ˈfaɪəz/ fl ames that are out of
inexperienced (adj) / ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriənst/ h aving Unit 8 control and destroy buildings, trees, etc. W e have
little knowledge or experience of sth S he is far too agonizing (adj) / ˈæɡənaɪzɪŋ/ c ausing great pain, to take action to prevent forest fires.
inexperienced for her role. anxiety or difficulty I t was the most agonizing fraction (of) (n) / ˈfrækʃn/ a small part or amount
infantile (adj) / ˈɪnfəntaɪl/ t ypical of a small child, decision of her life. of sth O nly a small fraction of a bank’s total
childish H e’s always telling infantile jokes. (protect) animal (n) / ˈænɪml/ a creature that is deposits will be withdrawn at any one time.
juvenile (adj) / ˈdʒuːvənaɪl/ s illy and more typical not a bird, a fish, a reptile, an insect or a human fry (v) / fraɪ/ t o cook sth in hot fat or oil A re you
of a child than an adult D on’t be so juvenile! We need to protect some animals from extinction. going to fry the bacon?
laugh off (phr v) / lɑːf ɒf/ t o try to make people attack (on) (n) / əˈtæk/ s trong criticism of sb/sth grill (v) / ɡrɪl/ t o cook food under or over a very
think that sth is not serious or important, in speech or in writing I t is a scathing attack on the strong heat G rill the sausages for ten minutes.
especially by making a joke about it H e laughed government’s policies. (destroy a) habitat (n) / ˈhæbɪtæt/ t he place
off suggestions that he was going to resign. awe-inspiring (adj) / ˈɔː ɪnspaɪərɪŋ/ m aking you where a particular type of animal or plant is
live a charmed life (idiom) / tʃɑːmd laɪf/ t o feel respect and admiration T he building was awe- normally found T he new buildings will destroy
always be lucky and safe from danger T hat inspiring in size and design. their habitat.
footballer lives a charmed life! bake (v) / beɪk/ t o cook food in an oven without (cause an) imbalance (n) / ɪmˈbæləns/ a situation
long in the tooth (idiom) / lɒŋ ɪn ðə tuːθ/ o ld or extra fat or liquid I ’m baking a birthday cake for in which two or more things are not the same size
ageing I may be long in the tooth but I am going to Alex. or are not treated the same, in a way that is unfair
tmrya akney owffa (yp.hr v) / meɪk ɒf/ t o steal sth and hurry bnuanmqbueert o (fn p) e/ oˈbpæleŋ, kuwsuɪatl/l ya f ofor ram saple mcieaal lo fcocra as iloanrg e ocar ucsaeuds ebsy par hoobrlmemons aP l iomstbnaaltaanl cdee.pression is usually
away with it W atch he doesn’t make off with that A state banquet is being held in honour of the (have an) impact (n) / ˈɪmpækt/ t he powerful
money. visiting President. effect that sth has on sb/sth H er speech made a
(a) matter of life and death (idiom) / ˈmætə(r) ɒv barbecue (n) / ˈbɑːbɪkjuː/ a n outdoor meal or profound impact on everyone.
laɪf ænd deθ/ u sed to describe a situation that is party when food is cooked in this way T onight we in the face of (idiom) / ɪn ðə feɪs ɒv/ d espite
very important or serious D on’t disturb me unless shall have a barbecue with our friends. problems, difficulties, etc. T he campaign continued
it’s a matter of life and death. based (on) (n) / beɪst/ i f one thing is based on in the face of great opposition.
mature (adj) / məˈtʃʊə(r)/ b ehaving in a sensible another, it uses it or is developed from it T he report individual (adj) / ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/ c onnected with
way, like an adult J ane is very mature for her age. is based on figures from six different European cities. one person/thing S he wrapped up the individual
(the) milestones in life (idiom) / ˈmaɪlstəʊnz ɪn better off (without) (idiom) / ˈbetə(r) ɒf/ u sed to flowers.
laɪf / a very important stage or event H aving a say that sb is/would be happier or more satisfied ingredient (in) (n) / ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ o ne of the
baby is one of life’s milestones. if they were in a particular position or did a things from which sth is made, especially one
(a) new lease of life (idiom) / njuː liːs ɒv laɪf/ particular thing S he’s better off without him. of the foods that are used together to make a
tqhuea clihtya nofc eli fteo lS ivinec eo rh lears ot ploenragteior,n o, rs hwei’tsh h aa db ae tnteerw bShoeil p (vu)t s/ obmɔɪel /p ot ota ctoooesk oonr twoa bsohi ls.th in boiling water pThaartii ccuurlaryr. dish Ginger is one of the ingredients in
l(ebaes)e o ouf tl iofef. touch with (idiom) / aʊt ɒv tʌtʃ wɪð/ ccaarrbboonn geams itshsaiot niss  s(enn) t / oˈkuɑt ːibnəton tihˈme ɪaʃtnmzo/ s phere tlehta’st ofancee mit u(psth br ev )r e/ alelitsst ifce aɪbs oɪtu/t au nse udn twoe cloconmveey
to not know or understand what is happening The government has pledged to reduce carbon fact or situation L et’s face it, the team are going to
in a particular subject or area U nfortunately, the emissions. lose the match.
ptheeo rpelae lm waokrilndg. the decisions are out of touch with CChhiinnae sI e l o(avde jC) h/ itnʃeasɪeˈn foiːozd/ .f rom or connected with lI’imgh ptl a(aydinj)g /f loaoɪttb/ as llm laatlel ri nso q Iu’lla jnutsitt yh,a evaes syt hto l idgihgte fsotr
(oblde )a onvde trh tehree fhoirlel  (nidoio lomn)g e/ ˈrə uʊsveəf(url) o ðrə a httɪrla/ ct ive cwlaosuslidc  e(axdpje) c/ tˈ ktolæ fisnɪdk,/ t yw piitcha la lS l hthee d fiespaltauyreeds tyhoeu lmunocnhs.trous (adj) / ˈmɒnstrəs/ c onsidered to be
Youngsters seem to think you’re over the hill at 40! classic symptoms of depression. shocking and unacceptable because it is morally
(tihne t thime)e p orifm mea otuf rliitfye  w(idhieonm p) o/ wperar ɪamnd ɒ vvi glaoɪrf a/r e cnool dfe-ebllionogds eodr  p(aitdyj )f o/ rˌ koəthʊeldr pˈbeloʌpdlɪed /H s eh iso aw cinogld - wourto onfg j aoirl suonofna.ir I t’s monstrous to think he could be
greatest A t 25, I am in the prime of life. blooded murderer. (conserve) nature (n) / ˈneɪtʃə(r)/ a ll the plants,
ptSiemuptet oe omffr  b(dpeahrt.re v )W / ep’vʊet h ɒafd/ tt oo p cuhta onffg oeu srt hw etod dai nlagt eurn til cfceooennlcicneegrrn nceeoddn a c(beaorbnuo tau tbht)oi s(u aistd ssju)t eh./ kT əhneˈ sPɜreːnsidd/e nw t oisr drieeedp alyn d aaconrenim sneoarltvs em a nnaaddt eut hrbeiyn. gpse othpalet eT xhiset gino vtheern umneivnet rwsea nthtsa tto
sdoseenellfc fo--irdrteehelile aitarhn npitn.te g(oaspd blje)y fy/ oˌosr uehrlefs leprlɪf ˈ,l D raaoɪtənhn’ett rw/ toha rbarynle, dh teeo’ps d evoen rodyri n g ccsaoovuuenn Ettemledms soa r( ’asmd liejf)en a/ tˈinkodan ʊethndet llT əivhsee/s n to eofw oco mturenaanttlyem stseo no btt heceo rusl.d ottyohon aus tta h ktyhne t iohfsaw aoct pem si tonohifro esitne  a (emibdmoaiosuy m ttno i)et b e/ W eɒd n ghto oað otbə md ef, aectɪryhsu,a oeɒnn, vge t ethɪcdte./ bwfau uhcsteee nd
critical (adj) / ˈkrɪtɪkl/ e xtremely important of it, seem obvious often turns out to be far more
(be) set in your ways (idiom) / set ɪn jɔː(r) -weɪz/ because a future situation will be affected by it complicated.
tao l ohnagve t ihmaeb iatns do rt hoapti nyiooun ds oth naot ty owua nhta tvoe chhaadn fgoer Your decision is critical to our future. (popular) order (n) / ˈɔːdə(r/ a request for food
Don’t take offence; she’s just set in her ways. depend (on) (v) / dɪˈpend/ t o rely on sb/sth and or drinks in a restaurant, bar, etc. M ay I take your
be able to trust them H e was the sort of person you order?
sseett ooffff f o(pr hLro nv)d o/ sne jtu sɒtf a/ ftt eor bberegainkf aa sjto.urney W e will could depend on. outlaw (v) / ˈaʊtlɔː/ t o make sth illegal T here are
(traditional) dish (n) / dɪʃ/ f ood prepared in a plans to outlaw the carrying of knives.
shelf life (n) / ˈʃelf laɪf/ t he length of time that particular way as part of a meal T his makes an
food, etc. can be kept before it is too old to be sold excellent hot main dish. poach (v) / pəʊtʃ/ t o cook food gently in a small
The product has a guaranteed shelf life of 60 days. amount of liquid I am going to poach an egg for
lunch.
Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition © Oxford University Press Wordlist 7
Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 7 22/01/2014 11:33
Wordlist
(double) portion (n) / ˈpɔːʃn/ a n amount of food backup (n) / ˈbækʌp/ a copy of a file, etc. that can hard-wearing (adj) / ˌhɑːd ˈweərɪŋ/ t hat lasts a
that is large enough for one person I ’m hungry. be used if the original is lost or damaged A lways long time and remains in good condition I want
Can I have a double portion? make a backup of your work. shoes that are practical and hard-wearing.
(ban harmful) practices (n) / ˈpræktɪsɪz/ a way bug (n) / bʌɡ/ a fault in a machine, especially in (to) have legs (idiom) / həv leɡz/ t o continue to
of doing sth that is the usual or expected way in a computer system or program T he latest version be of interest T his latest scandal has legs; you’ll
a particular organization or situation W e have this computer program has a bug. probably still be reading about it in a year’s time.
banned harmful practices. bulky (adj) / ˈbʌlki/ l arge and difficult to move or headset(s) (n) / ˈhedset/ a pair of headphones,
put on a brave face (idiom) / pʊt ɒn ə breɪv feɪs/ carry B ulky items are not allowed in the cabin. especially one with a microphone attached to it
to pretend that you feel confident and happy close (adv) / kləʊs/ n ear in space or time Speak clearly into the headset.
when you do not I had to put on a brave face and The second twin was born close after the first. high (adv) / haɪ/ a t or to a position or level that
try to show him that I wasn’t worried. closely (adv) / ˈkləʊsli/ i n a close relation or is a long way up from the ground or from the
(wartime) ration (n) / ˈræʃn/ a fixed amount of position in time or space H e walked into the room, bottom A dish piled high with food.
food, fuel, etc. that you are officially allowed to closely followed by the rest of the family. highly (adv) / ˈhaɪli/ w ith admiration or praise
have when there is not enough for everyone to convenient (adj) / kənˈviːniənt/ u seful, easy She speaks highly of you.
have as much as they want I ’m grateful for my or quick to do Y ou’ll find these meals quick and innovative (adj) / ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ i ntroducing or
weekly butter ration. convenient to prepare. using new ideas, ways of doing sth, etc. T here will
(overexploit) resources (n) / rɪˈsɔːs/ a supply of cookie (n) / ˈkʊki/ a computer file with be a prize for the most innovative design.
sth that a country, an organization or a person has information in it that is sent to the central server just (adv) / dʒʌst/ o nly I decided to learn Japanese
and can use T hey are exploiting minerals and other each time a particular person uses a network or just for fun.
natural resources. the internet T his website uses cookies. justly (adv) / ˈdʒʌstli/ a ccording to what is
result (in) (phr v) / rɪˈzʌlt/ t o make sth happen cord (n) / kɔːd/ a piece of wire that is covered morally right or fair I want to be treated justly.
Tdheae tchysc.lone has resulted in many thousands of wofi tehq puliapsmtiec,n ut seI td’s fnoort c warirreyliensgs; ethleec tterliecpithy otnoe a h paise ce kweityhp nadum (nb) e/ rˈsk oiːnp æusde/d a t os mopaell rsaette o af tbeuletptohnosn e,
rise (in) (n) / raɪz/ a n increase in an amount, a a cord. television, etc. E nter your name using the keypad.
nnuummbbeerr oofr p ae olepvleel o uT ht oerfe w hoarsk .been a sharp rise in the chuemavbye; drsiffiomcuel t( atod jc) a/ rˈrkyʌ mY obuə msəigmh/t hl aarvgee t aon uds e ltahtee e (xapdevc) te/ ldeɪ, ta/r ra arnrgiveindg o, rh uaspupael ntiimnge oM r dyo flnigeh atf ter
roast (v) / rəʊst/ t o cook food, especially meat, some cumbersome machinery. was an hour late.
wgoitinhgo utot lrioqausitd t hine acnh iockveenn? or over a fire A re you caudtvtainngce-edd sgtaeg (en )i n/ ˌtkhʌet dɪŋe vˈeeldoʒp/m t ehnet n oefw stehs t,I mamos t lsahtee’sl yb e(aednv w) e/ lˈll eenɪtolui/g hr e tcoe gnotl yo uI tt.’s only lately that
smcirxaimngb tleh e(v w) h/ ˈitsek raændm ybel/ll ot wo cpoaortks a tno geegtgh ebry a nd wdaotrak i(nng) a/ tˈ dtheeɪt cəu/ tti innfgo-remdgatei oonf c tohmatp ius tsetro treecdh nboyl oag y. lmigahtetwriaeli gahntd ( laedsjs) h/ eˈlaavɪytw theaɪtn/ um suaadl eT ohfe t chainr ner
heating them, sometimes with milk and butter computer I t is important to back up your data. features a lightweight aluminium engine.
I love scrambled eggs.
side (n) / saɪd/ a dish that is served with, but is dstehd biceactaeuds e(a idt ji)s v/ ˈedreyd imɪkpeoɪtrɪtda/n tw too rykoinug S hhaer dis at msthu rinm au sr o(rfet aqsusiuetr avnocicees )t h(va)t i/ sˈm diɜffiːmcuəl(tr t)o/ ht oe asra yo r
subordinate to, a main course Y our dish comes dedicated to her job. understand S he murmured an excuse and hurried
with a side.
demonstrate (v) / ˈdemənstreɪt/ t o show sth away.
hsiaxs- csoixu croseu r(saedsj ) W / seɪ’kres h kaɔvːisn/g a a fsoixrm-coaul mrsee aml ethala ot n cdleemarolyn sbtyra gteiv cinognv pinrocionfg olyr tehvaidt eonucr ec aT mhpeaseig rne sisu lts ostbhs noelewte h (aasd bj)e e/ ˈnɒ binsvəelinːtte/ dn oW liothn gteecrh unsoeldo gbiceacla use
New Year’s Eve. working. changes many traditional skills have become obsolete.
sthlaeuirg mhteeart  (nC )o w/ ˈssl aɔrːet əs(lar)u/g t hhteer kedill finogr b oefe af.nimals for ethaartb ius dw(so)r (nn i)n s/ ˈiɪdəeb tʌhde/ ea a rv eI rnye semd atoll ahtetaadchp hmoyn e pThlaei ncu (ratdaji)n s/ pwleerɪen m/ as idmep frloe mor a b palsaiicn i nfa cbhriacr.acter
(almunocuhntti mofe f)o sonda,c uks u(na)l ly/ s enaætekn/ ia n sam haulrl rmy eI a ol nolry eeaarrblyu adds toop ttheer  C(nD) p/ lˈaɜyːelir .əˈdɒptə(r)/ a person who pShriec weye a(ards pj)r i/ cˈepyr adɪessii/g no evre crlportihceesd., too expensive
h(tahvree atitmene fao)r s ap sencaiecks  (ant )l u/ nˈscphitːiʃmiːez./ a group into sbteacrotsm uessin agv aai lparboldeu T cht eoyr’ rtee cehanrloy laodgoyp ates rsso oofn n eaws i t pshroovwe t (hva) t / spthru iːsv t/r ut eo uH see f efaltc htse, neeveiddeendc teo, pertoc.v teo h is
which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed technology, and new ideas. point.
wdspiivetihcdi eeesad.c h T hoitsh ise ra acnodn sperrovdatuiocen haereaalt fhoyr eynoduanngg aerree d geloeogda nset n(asde jo) f / sˈetylɪleɡ əS nhte/ wa tatsr atactlli vaen dan edle sghaonwt.ing a rseeanssoibnlea bA len y(a rdeja) so/ ˈnriaːbzlneə pbelr/s of ani rw, porualdct hicaavl ea dnodn e
emerging technologies (n) exactly as you did.
ssootue rta hbmarot ( civtc) oc lo/ is.otkiːsm in/ tt hoe p sltaecaem fo oW de opvreefre br otoil isntega wma ter /aoirvˈeme crɜ utːhdrreʒe ɪnnŋet ltxyet d kfieˈvnveɒe tllooəp dteiʒnnigz y/ o en ra ewrswi, lal t bnedech dwnehovilecohlgo iwpeesild lt h at Tstoihnwek as (hrvdi)ps s/ tsahɪneŋk kb t/oo t t ttoho emg bo oo dtf toaow mlinq o ubfi edthl ooewr s se toahf.et ssuubrfsatcaen coer
stew (v) / stjuː/ t o cook sth slowly, or allow sth substantially alter the business and social
to cook slowly, in liquid in a closed dish T he meat environment E merging technologies could make sleek (adj) / sliːk/ h aving an elegant smooth
needs to stew for two hours. hydroelectricity safer. shape T he sleek lines of the new car.
svteigr-efrtayb (vle) s / oˈsrt mɜːe farta qɪ/u it cok lcyo boyk stthirinri nsgtr itphse omf in iedxeaam, ain seu b(vje) c/ tɪ,ɡ eˈtzcæ. vmeɪrny /c at ore cfuolnlys idI te irs onre csetussdayr ya nto sepmaamil  t(on )p e/ soppælem w/ ha od hveavrteis ninogt amskaetedr ifaolr s iet nC t hbeyc k
very hot oil I t’s quicker to stir-fry the vegetables. examine how the proposals can be carried out. your spam folder.
y(foaust b-fuoyo adt) ata rkeestaawuarayn (tn t)h a/ ˈtt eyɪokuə ewaet ɪs/o am meweahle trhea t eThxoe rpbriictaesn at r(ea dexj)o r/ bɪɡitˈaznɔtː.bɪtənt/ m uch too high uspseyrw taor oeb (nta) in/ s cpoɑvɪewrte iən(fro) rm soafttiwonar aeb tohuatt aennoabthleesr ’as
else S hall we have a takeaway tonight? (launch with) fanfare (n) / ˈfænfeə(r)/ a large cfroommp tuhteeirr ahcatridv idtireisv eb yI tt’rsa imnspmoirtttainngt tdoa stcaa cno fvoer rtly
thanks to (idiom) / θæŋks tə/ u sed to say that sth amount of activity and discussion on television, in spyware.
has happened because of sb/sth I t was all a great newspapers, etc. to celebrate sb/sth T he product
success – thanks to a lot of hard work. was launched amid much fanfare worldwide. (tech) start-ups (n) / ˈstɑːt ʌps/ c onnected with
starting a new business or project K ickstarter is a
threatened with (v) / ˈθretnd wɪð/ t o say that firewall (n) / ˈfaɪəwɔːl/ a part of a computer great platform for tech start-ups.
you will cause trouble, hurt sb, etc. if you do not system that prevents people from getting at
get what you want T he attacker threatened them information without permission, but still allows suggest (v) / səˈdʒest/ t o put forward an idea or a
with a gun. them to receive information that is sent to them plan for other people to think about M ay I suggest
a white wine with this dish, Sir?
toast (v) / təʊst/ t o make sth, especially bread, My computer is protected with a firewall.
Ptularnce b urnodwenr ab yh ohte gartiilnl ugn itti li nth ae t nouatsst ehra over ctoloassete tdo. heat fdraamgialeg e(add jB ) e/ ˈcfarræefduʒl anɪol/t te oa dsriloyp b itr;o ikt’es nve orry fragile. iTsr oa jhaanc (knin) g/ ˈ ptrrəoʊgdraʒmən t/h aa t T irso aja nno hno-sreself,- roerp Tlriocajatnin, g
type of malware T hat Trojan has wiped my hard
toxic waste (n) / ˈtɒksɪk weɪst/ p oisonous waste groan-inducing (adj) / ɡrəʊn ɪnˈdjuːsɪŋ/ a n act drive!
materials Y ou can also contact us for information that causes someone to groan R ead this groan-
on toxic waste. inducing love letter. under age (idiom) / ˈʌndəreɪdʒ/ n ot legally old
enough to do a particular thing I t is illegal to sell
(talk) until we’re blue in the face (idiom) t o try to hallmark(s) (n) / ˈhɔːlmɑːk/ a feature or quality cigarettes to children who are under age.
do sth as hard and as long as you possibly can but that is typical of sb/sth P olice said the explosion
without success Y ou can argue till you’re blue in the bore all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack. under attack (adj) / ˈʌndə(r) əˈtæk/ s ubjected
face, but you won’t change my mind. handset (n) / ˈhændset/ t he part of a telephone taott eancke.my attack or censure O ur freedom is under
wiped out (phr v) / waɪpt aʊt/ t o destroy or that you hold close to your mouth and ear to
remove sb/sth completely W hole villages were speak into and listen I can’t hear you, are you under control (idiom) / ˈʌndə(r) kənˈtrəʊl/ t o
wiped out by the earthquake. covering the handset? be being dealt with successfully D on’t worry –
everything’s under control!
Unit 9 hhaannddyy  l(itatdlej )t o/ oˈhl.ændi/ e asy to use or to do T hat’s a under pressure (idiom) / ˈʌndə(r) ˈpreʃə(r)/
being forced to do sth T he director is under
assess (v) / əˈses/ t o make a judgement about the hard  (adv) / hɑːd/ w ith great effort Y ou must try increasing pressure to resign.
nature or quality of sb/sth I t’s difficult to assess the hard to get a good result.
effects of these changes. hardly (adv) / ˈhɑːdli/ a lmost none T here’s hardly ubneidnegr wscartucthiendy  o(idr eioxmam) i/ nˈʌendd cəlo(rs)e ˈlysk F ruorːetəignni /p o licy
any tea left. has come under close scrutiny recently.
8 Wordlist © Oxford University Press Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition
Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 8 22/01/2014 11:33
under the radar (idiom) / ˈʌndə(r) ðə ˈreɪdɑː(r)/ distribution (of wealth) (n) / ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ mankind (n) / mænˈkaɪnd/ a ll humans, thought
used to say that people are not aware of sth the way that sth is shared or exists over a particular about as one large group T he future of mankind
Experts say a lot of corporate crime stays under the area or among a particular group of people is at stake.
radar. It’s easy to see the unfair distribution of wealth. minority rights (adj) / maɪˈnɒrəti raɪts/ n ormal
under the weather (idiom) / ˈʌndə(r) ðə ˈweðə(r)/ diversify leadership (v) / daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪ ˈliːdəʃɪp/ individual rights applied to members of racial,
slightly ill/sick and not as well as usual I feel a bit to make leadership become more varied T here are ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or sexual
under the weather today. calls to diversify leadership. minorities I am involved in a protest against the loss
under your belt (idiom) / ˈʌndə(r) jɔː(r) belt/ economical with the truth (idiom) of the minority rights.
to have already achieved or obtained sth /ˌekəˈnɒmɪkl wɪð ðə truːθ / e uphemism moderate (adj) / ˈmɒdərət/ h aving or showing
She already has a couple of good wins under her belt. for deceitful, whether by volunteering false opinions, especially about politics, that are not
update (n) / ˌʌpˈdeɪt/ t he most recent information D on’t trust him; he is often economical extreme S he is a moderate socialist.
improvements to a computer program that are with the truth. (lose) momentum (n) / məˈmentəm/ t he ability
sent to users of the program H ave you installed egalitarian (adj) / iˌɡælɪˈteəriən/ b ased on, or to keep increasing or developing T hey began to
the latest update? holding, the belief that everyone is equal and lose momentum in the second half of the game.
(bring) up to speed (idiom) / ʌp tə spiːd/ h aving should have the same rights and opportunities nation (n) / ˈneɪʃn/ a country considered as a
the most recent and accurate information or We live in an egalitarian society. group of people with the same language, culture
knowledge S arah, could you bring Paul up to speed electorate (n) / ɪˈlektərət/ t he people in a and history, who live in a particular area under one
with the latest developments? country or an area who have the right to vote, government T hey are an independent nation.
useless (adj) / juːsləs/ n ot useful; not doing or thought of as a group O nly 60% of the electorate pledge (n) / pledʒ/ a serious promise W ill the
achieving what is needed or wanted T his pen is voted in the last election. government honour its election pledge not to raise
useless there’s no ink in it. enemy (n) / ˈenəmi/ a person who hates sb taxes?
virus (n) / ˈvaɪrəs/ i nstructions that are hidden or who acts or speaks against sb/sth A fter just pluck out of the air (idiom) / plʌk aʊt ɒv ðə eə(r)/
within a computer program and are designed one day, she had already made an enemy of her to say a name, number, etc. without thinking
to cause faults or destroy data T he virus in the manager. about it, especially in answer to a question
software was programmed to corrupt the hard disk. equal opportunities (n) / ˌiːkwəl ˌɒpəˈtjuːnətiz/ She plucked the statistic out of the air.
the right to be treated without discrimination, politically correct (adj) / pəˌlɪtɪkli kəˈrekt/
Unit 10 especially on the grounds of one’s sex, race, or age used to describe language or behaviour that
asybsotelimsh o (rv a) n/ əinˈbstɒitluɪʃti/o nt o T ohffieyc isahlloyu eldn adb ao lliaswh ,t hai s tax. Yino tuh’lel ficnodm dpeatnayil sh oafn odubro eoqku.al opportunities policies dgreoliubpesra otfe plye toripelse toT haev oreidfe oreffnecned toin tgh ep garrotiucupl wara s
aodpvpeorsseadr yto (n a)n d/ ˈ æcodmvəpseətrini/g a w pitehrs ionn a nth aartg subm ise nt eorf asdthic caotem (pvl)e t/ eiˈlryæ, edsɪpkeecɪtia/ llt yo s dthe sbtarody W ore g aerte rid ppoolliltiincagl lsyt acotirorenc (tn.) / ˈpəʊlɪŋ steɪʃn/ a building
or a battle H e beat his old adversary in the finals. determined to eradicate racism from our sport. where people go to vote in an election T he polling
acaltne rcnhaotoivsee  (tno) d / oɔ ːolrˈt hɜaːnveə toɪvu/t oa f tthwinog o trh mato yreo u ehtahvninicg dai vweidrseit vya (raiedtjy) o/ ˈfe rθancɪeks idna aɪˈ vgɜivːesnə tsii/t u ation s(htautmiona nis) oppoepnu ulanttiiol 1n0 (pnm) ./ ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ a ll the
possibilities T here is a vegetarian alternative on the Ethnic diversity is more commonly known as people who live in a particular area, city or country
menu every day. multiculturalism. The human population is increasing every year.
athrme asr (mn)y , / nɑaːvmyz, e/ tcw eD aop poonlsic, ee sopffiecceiarsll iyn a yso uusr ecdou bnyt ry eWxet raerme we o(arkdinj) g/ uɪknˈdsetrr ieːxmtr/e mv eer py rgersesuarte i na td tehger ee pusriev oatf ea  (paadrjt) ic/ uˈplarra pɪveərts/o nb oelro gnrgoiunpg tT oh oe rh footre tl hhea s
carry arms. moment. 110 bedrooms, all with private bathrooms.
ubsaelldo tt op raepgeisr t(enr) a/ vˈboætel əP t upte aɪ pcəro(rs)s/ a ga asilnips to wf hpoa pyeoru fporaei s(ned) b/ fyə fʊri/e na dns eannedm foye os ra olipkep.onent H is work was dperofimniitseely ( vd)o / oˈpr rnɒomt dɪso/ st toh ,t eolrl tshba tth satth y wouill will
want to vote for on the ballot paper. freedom (n) / ˈfriːdəm/ t he right to do or say definitely happen I promise not to tell anyone!
baso ail mdoawinn o tro b (aidsiico mpa)r t/ bI ɔnɪ tlh dea eʊnnd ,t wə/h at ot iht aavlle b sotihls wWhe awt iyllo fiug hwta fnotr fwreitehdooumt oanf sypoeneec hst.opping you qfausitc ikn oreffa tchtien gm taor ka  (siidtuioamtio) n/ kI wf yɪoku ɒ’rfe ðqəu imckɑ oːffk /t h e
down to is money, or the lack of it. freeloaders (n) / ˈfriːləʊdəz/ a person who is mark in answering these questions, you could win
always accepting free food, accommodation or a prize.
cisa cnodnidsiadteer e(nd) su/ ˈiktaæbnled ɪfdoər ts/t ha o pre trhsaotn i so lri kgerloyu tpo tgheatt help from other people without giving them radical (adj) / ˈrædɪkl/ c oncerning the most basic
sth or to be sth O ur team is a prime candidate for anything in exchange S ome members suspected and important parts of sth T here is a need for
relegation this year. that others in the group were freeloaders. radical changes in education.
cfuarpthitearl iazde voann t(iadgioem fo)r y/ ˈokuærpseɪtlfə flraoɪmz/ at osi tguaainti oan gine wnehricahl e allel cthtieo np e(no)p l/ ed oʒef na rcəolu ɪnˈlterkyʃ vno/t ea nto e clehcotoiosne rise oacptpioonseadry t o(n p) o/ lritiˈicæakl ʃoər nsroic/ iaa l pchearsnogne w I ht ios a
The team failed to capitalize on their early lead. a government T he general election will be held reactionary government.
cinivdiicv iednugaal ganedm ceonltle (cnt)i v/ eˈs aɪcvtɪiko nɪns ˈdɡeesɪidgʒnmedə ntot/ ngeextt r yidea orf. (phr v) / ɡet rɪd ɒv/ t o remove sth that rpioglhitti-cwali nogu tplooolikt itchsa (tn a) re/ r laeɪats wt iɪnŋ f ˈapvɒoluərt ɪokfs s/o c ial
identify and address issues of public concern is causing a problem from a place, group, etc. change C yclists are the new enemy of right wing
Voting in elections is an important form of civic Further measures will be taken to get rid of crime on politics.
engagement. our streets. secular (adj) / ˈsekjələ(r)/ n ot connected with
icnla wssh-ibcahs iendd i(vaiddju) a/ lks laɑnːds bgeroɪsutp/ sa a sreta ctluass shifiieerdar ochny hHue mis abneiintyg  (tnri)e d/ h fojur ːcˈrmimæens əatgia/ inp seto hpulme iann gitey.neral ssopciriiettuya.l or religious matters Ours is a secular
the basis of economic success and accumulation law enforcement (n) / lɔː ɪnˈfɔːsmənt/ t he set the record straight (idiom) / set ðə ˈrekɔːd
of wealth T hey live in a class-based society. activity of making certain that the laws of an area streɪt/ t o give people the correct information
collateral (n) / kəˈlætərəl/ p roperty or sth are obeyed J ohn works as a law enforcement officer. about sth in order to make it clear that what they
valuable that you promise to give to sb if you left-wing politics (n) / left wɪŋ ˈpɒlətɪks/ previously believed was in fact wrong T o put the
cannot pay back money that you borrow W e had a political outlook that favours social change record straight, I do not support that idea and never
put our house up as collateral for our bank loan. The Liberal Democrats are involved with left-wing have done.
come under fire (idiom) / kʌm ˈʌndə(r) ˈfaɪə(r)/ politics. social responsibility (n) / ˈsəʊʃl rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/
to be criticized severely for sth you have done liberty (n) / ˈlɪbəti/ f reedom to live as you choose an ethical theory that an entity, be it an
The health minister has come under fire from all sides. without too many restrictions from government organization or individual, has an obligation to act
or authority T he concept of individual liberty is at to benefit society at large T he whole area of social
common good (n) / ˈkɒmən ɡʊd/ t he benefit or the basis of the constitution. responsibility is becoming much more important to
interests of all I t is time our elected officials stood
up for the common good. local election (n) / ˈləʊkəl ɪˈlɛkʃən/ a n election the consumer.
communal (adj) / ˈkɒmjənl/ i nvolving different taot tsheele lcatu mncehm obf heirss pfoarr tay ’lso lcoacla cl oeulencctiiol nH cea smppoakeig onu t shpuimritauna sl p(airditj,) ra/ ˈtshpeɪrr ɪtthʃaunə tlh/ ec obnondeyc oter dp hwyistihc athl e
groups of people in a community T here has been
in Dublin. things W e’re concerned about your spiritual welfare.
communal violence between religious groups
constituency (n) / kənˈstɪtjuənsi/ a district mopaininiostnrse athma t( na)r e/ tˈmhoeuɪngshttr tioːm b/e t nhoer midaela bs eacnadu se lsawnegaura (gve) , / usswueaəlly(r b)/e ct oau ussee y rouud ea roer aonffgernys iW veh y did
that elects its own representative to parliament
they are shared by most people H is radical views you let him swear at you like that?
Unemployment is high in her constituency.
ocor uunsetrdy t (on h) a/ vˈkeʌ itnst oriw/ na ng oavreearn omf leanntd a tnhda tla hwass pmlaacjoe rhitimy r ouulets (idne) m/ maəinˈdstʒreɒarmət iA rmueːlr/i ca a ns ypsotelitmic sin. tsaolmk euopn (eid) itoom m) a/ kteɔ ːikt sʌepe/m t aos t galoko adb aosu pt (osstshi bolre or
which power is held by the group that has the to draw positive attention to it Y ou have to talk up
She didn’t know what life in a foreign country would
largest number of members B lack majority rule in the number to impress the boss.
be like.
(aavta eilvaebrley oton eb’se) udsiespd obsya el v(iedrioyomn)e / dT ɪhˈes pcəoʊmzml/ its tethe is Smoaunthif eAsfrtioc a(n to) o/ kˌm mæannɪyˈ fyeesatrəs ʊto/ aa c whireivttee.n twohea tth seb l iinn ea u(itdhioomrit)y t/ teəllʊs yðoəu l atoɪn s/a yt o o sr adyo o, er vdeon if
statement in which a group of people, especially you do not share the same opinions, etc. O ne or
has limited resources at its disposal.
a political party, explain their beliefs and say what two of them refused to toe the line.
they will do if they win an election T heir party turnout (n) / ˈtɜːnaʊt/ t he number of people who
manifesto is very good. vote in a particular election T here was only a 50%
turnout.
Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition © Oxford University Press Wordlist 9
Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 9 22/01/2014 11:33
Wordlist
vote (n) / vəʊt/ a formal choice that you make in
an election or at a meeting in order to choose sb or
decide sth T he chairperson has the deciding vote.
wear the trousers (idiom) / weə(r) ðə ˈtraʊzəz/
to be the person in a marriage or other
relationship who makes most of the decisions
It’s obvious who wears the trousers in that family!
10 Wordlist © Oxford University Press Definitions adapted from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th edition
Insight UpperInt WL for iTools.indd 10 22/01/2014 11:33