Influence of success/failure feedback on goal orientation of recreational basketball players in practice and competitive settings

182 Pages·1998·5.9 MB·English

by  Price, Sarah L., 1964-

INFLUENCEOFSUCCESS/FAILUREFEEDBACK
ONGOALORIENTATIONOFRECREATIONALBASKETBALL
PLAYERSINPRACTICEANDCOMPETITIVESETTINGS
BY
SARAHL.PRICE
ADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOLOFTHE
UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAINPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHE
REQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOFDOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA
1998
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
MyfirstorderofthanksisextendedtoGod,myheavenlyfather,whois
the centerandjoyofmylife. ThroughmanytryingandtiringmomentsIwas
cradledandshieldedtoneverencountermorethanIcouldendure. The
spiritualfoundationinstilledinmeasachildwasessentialtomyprogress
duringthedissertationprocessandcontinuestoguidemyfootstepsdaily.
Sinceregratitudeandappreciationgoestomyfamilyandfriends. Their
omnipresenceinmydailyandextendedcommitmentsmadethistedious
processmoreendurable. Theearlymorningwake-upcalls,eveningjogs,and
allnightstudysessionsarejustafewofthemomentsthatwillforeverbe
rememberedandtreasured. Theirloveandencouragementisoftenthoughtof
andalwayscherished.
Specialthanksaregiventomydoctoralcommitteemembers. I’mgrateful
forDr.Singer’sfirmness,support,andencouragementovertheyears. Hisin-
depthknowledgeandunwaveringdevotiontotheprofessionaretruly
inspirational. Dr.Murphey’sbeliefinmeandcontinuedassurancewasalways
acknowledgedandgreatlyappreciated. IthankDr.Lerchforhisreassuring
conversationsandwordsofwisdomgiventomeovertheyears.
IappreciateDr.Fischlerforfulfillingtheroleofoutsidecommitteememberand
offeringinsightfulfeedbackduringtheprocess.
u
Mydeepestappreciationisfullyextendedtomymajoradvisor,
Dr.Tennant. Wordscanbarelymimicmydeepestgratitudetohimasmy
advisor,counselor,friend,andconfidant. Hiscontinuousencouragementand
unrelentingpatienceareonlyafewoftheattributesthatmakeuphisincredible
character. Amongmymosttreasuredmemoriesaretimesthatwespentsitting
inhisofficeworkingtogetherwithourheadsbowedindeepthought. His
commitmenttomeandmyeffortsaregreatlyappreciated. Ilookforwardtoour
futureencountersasfriendsandcolleagues.
TABLEOFCONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ii
LISTOFFIGURES viii
ABSTRACT
ix
CHAPTERS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
MotivationTheory 7
RelationshipBetweenMotivatedBehaviors 10
StatementoftheProblem 14
ResearchHypothesis 15
DefinitionofTerms 21
Assumptions 24
Limitations 25
SignificanceoftheStudy 28
2 REVIEWOFLITERATURE 31
MotivationDefined .... 32
AchievementMotivationandGoalOrientations 35
Persistence 38
ExertedEffort 39
TaskSelection 40
AchievementMotivationScales 42
CompetitiveOrientationInventory 42
SportOrientationQuestionnaire ... 43
TaskandEgoOrientationSportsQuestionnaire 44
PerceptionofSuccessQuestionnaire 45
UnderstandingMotivationFromDifferentPerspectives. . 46
IntrinsicMotivation 46
IV
Page
Self-efficacy 48
Attributions 51
Concluding Remarks 54
3 METHODS 57
Participants 57
Tasks 58
Screening 59
DribbleandShootObstacle 60
ShootandRebound 61
One-On-OneCompetition 62
Treatments 63
Questionnaires 66
PerceptionofSuccess 66
Self-Efficacy 67
IntrinsicMotivationInventory 68
Casual DimensionScale-ll 68
Performance 69
Procedures 70
MeetingOne 70
MeetingTwo 72
MeetingThree 73
DesignandAnalysis 74
4 RESULTS 76
DependentVariables 76
TaskOrientationDuringPractice 76
EgoOrientationDuringPractice .... 77
TaskandEgoResponsesinCompetition 81
Self-EfficacyDuringPractice 84
Self-EfficacyDuringCompetition .... 86
IntrinsicMotivationPractice/Competition 87
Interestduringpractice 89
Interestduringcompetition 89
Competencyduringpractice 91
Competencyduringcompetition 91
Effortduringpractice/competition .... 92
Tensionduringpractice/competition .... 92
AttributionsDuringPractice/Competition 92
V
Page
5 DISCUSSION,SUMMARY,CONCLUSIONS AND
IMPLICATIONSFORFUTURERESEARCH , 95
Discussion ... 96
TaskOrientationDuringPractice/Competition ... 96
EgoOrientationDuringPractice/Competition 98
GoalOrientationTheoryandResearch 100
Self-EfficacyinPracticeandCompetition 102
Self-efficacyTheoryandResearch 103
IntrinsicMotivationinPractice/Competition . . . . 105
IntrinsicMotivationResearchandTheory 106
AttributionsinPractice/Competition 107
AttributionsResearchandTheory 108
Summary 110
Conclusions 112
ImplicationsforFutureResearch 114
REFERENCES 117
APPENDICES
A DEMOGRAPHICDATAFORM 127
....
B PERCEPTIONOFSUCCESSQUESTIONNAIRE 128
C SCREENINGTASKDIAGRAM 130
D DRIBBLEANDSHOOTOBSTACLETASKDIAGRAM . . . 131
E SHOOTANDREBOUNDTASKDIAGRAM 132
F SHOOTANDREBOUNDSCRIPTFORSUCCESSAND
FAILUREGROUPS 133
G DRIBBLEANDSHOOTOBSTACLETASKSCRIPTFOR
SUCCESSANDFAILUREGROUPS 135
H SHOOTANDREBOUNDSCRIPTFORCONTROLGROUPS 137
.
DRIBBLEANDSHOOTOBSTACLETASKSCRIPTFOR
I CONTROLGROUPS 139
VI
Page
J SELF-EFFICACYDRIBBLEANDSHOOTOBSTACLE
TASKQUESTIONNAIRE 141
K SELF-EFFICACYSHOOTANDREBOUNDTASK
QUESTIONNAIRE 143
L SELF-EFFICACYONE-ON-ONECOMPETITION
QUESTIONNAIRE 145
M INTRINSICMOTIVATIONINVENTORYFORSHOOTAND
REBOUNDANDDRIBBLEANDSHOOTOBSTACLETASK . 147
N INTRINSICMOTIVATIONINVENTORYFORONE-ON-ONE
COMPETITION 149
O CAUSALDIMENSIONSCALEII 151
P INSTITUTIONALREVIEWBOARDAPPROVAL 153
Q PROCEDURES 154
R INFORMEDCONSENTFORM 156
S SCRIPTINTRODUCTIONANDSCREENINGTASK. ... 158
T SUCCESSFEEDBACKDAYSONEANDTWO 160
U FAILUREFEEDBACKDAYSONEANDTWO 161
V CONTROLFEEDBACKDAYSONEANDTWO .... 162
W GENERALSCRIPTMEETINGTWO 163
X ONE-ON-ONECOMPETITIONSCRIPTFOR
SUCCESSANDFAILURETREATMENT 165
Y ONE-ON-ONEGAMESCRIPTCONTROLGROUPS ... 167
Z DEBRIEFINGLETTER 169
BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 170
VII
LISTOFFIGURES
Fiaure Paoe
1 Meanresponsesfromsixgroupsontaskorientation
itemsonthePOSQduringpracticeandcompetitive
sessions 78
2 Meanresponsesforsixgroupsonegoorientation
itemsofthePOSQduringpracticeandcompetition 80
3 Taskandegomeanscoresfortaskorientationwhen
winningandlosingduringcompetition 82
4 Taskandegomeanscoresforego
orientationwhenwinningandlosingduring
competition 83
5 Meantotalsforself-efficacyresponsesfortask
andegogroupswhenwinningandlosingin
competition 88
6 Intrinsicmotivationduringcompetitionbetween
treatmentgroupswhenwinningandlosing . . . 90
7 Intrinsicmotivationduringcompetitionbetw.een...
treatmentgroupswhenwinningandlosing 93
Vlll
AbstractofDissertationPresentedtotheGraduateSchooloftheUniversityof
FloridainPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeof
DoctorofPhilosophy
INFLUENCEOFSUCCESS/FAILUREFEEDBACKON
GOALORIENTATIONOFRECREATIONALBASKETBALLPLAYERSIN
PRACTICEANDCOMPETITIVESETTINGS
BY
SarahL.Price
May,1998
Chairman: L.KeithTennant
MajorDepartment: ExerciseandSportSciences
Thisinvestigationwasdesignedtotestthetheoreticalconstructsofgoal
orientationtheoryinpracticeandcompetitivesettings,byexaminingchangesin
goalorientation,intrinsicmotivation,self-efficacy,andattributions.
Sixty-eightmaleparticipantswereassignedtooneofsixtreatment
groupsbasedonresponsestodemographicquestionsandtheirscoresonthe
PerceptionofSportsQuestionnaire(POSQ). Taskandegoorientedtreatment
groupsreceivedeitherfailurefeedback,successfeedback,ornofeedbackfor
treatmentduringthepracticeconditionswhichwereenforcedduringtwo
separatemeetings. Asessionwasdesignedasacompetitivesetting,and
involvedamodifiedone-on-onebasketballgamebetweenparticipants.
IX
Duringeachsession,aseriesofquestionnaireswerecompletedthat
weredesignedtomeasuregoalorientation,self-efficacy,intrinsicmotivation,
andattribution. Analysesrevealedasignificantdifferencebetweengoal
orientationsduringthetreatmentstage. GroupsmaintainedhigherPOSQ
responseswithintheirspecificgoalorientationwhencomparedwithother
treatments. ScoresfortaskandegoresponsesonthePOSQremainedstable
fortreatmentgroupsduringpractice,butnotcompetition. Thereweresignificant
differencesbetweenthetaskfailureandtasksuccessgroupsthatlostduring
competition. Furtheranalysesresultedinaninteractionbetweenpractice
successfeedbackandself-efficacy. Allparticipants’self-efficacyresponses
werelowerduringcompetition. Aninteractionwasobservedforintrinsic
motivationduringcompetition. Winnersfromalltreatmentgroupsreported
higherintrinsicmotivationthanlosers. Nointeractionwasobservedbetween
goalorientationsandattributionsacrosstrialblocks.
Findingsinthisinvestigationsuggestthatgoalorientationsfortaskand
egocharacteristicsremainstableovertimeduringpractice,butparticipants’
taskorientationshiftsduringcompetition. Also,itappearsthatthereisapositive
interactionbetweengroupsreceivingsuccessfeedbackandotherself-
perceptions(self-efficacyandintrinsicmotivation). Theoryregardingthe
stabilityoftaskorientationwassupportedduringpracticesettings,butnotin
competition.