Table Of ContentEFFECT OF NITROGEN LEVELS AND ZINC
APPLICATION ON YIELD AND ZINC CONTENT OF
DIRECT SEEDED RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
Master of Science (Agriculture)
In
Agronomy
Supervisor Submitted by
Dr. S. K. Prasad Rajendra Prasad Meena
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
VARANASI-221005
INDIA
I.D. No. A-13013 2015 Enrolment No. 359628
Dr. SAROJ KUMAR PRASAD
Ph.D (Agronomy), Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL
SCIENCES
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Ref. No. …………………… Date………………
CERTIFICATE
To,
The Registrar (Academic)
Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi - 221 005(INDIA).
Through: The Head, Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
Dear Sir,
I have great pleasure in forwarding the thesis entitled “Effect of nitrogen levels
and zinc application on yield and zinc content in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa
L.)”submitted by Mr. Rajendra Prasad Meena, I.D. No. A-13013, in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Agriculture) in Agronomy,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, (U.P.) and
placing on record that he has completed the requisite residential requirements as
contained in the statutes of the university.
I certify that the work has been carried out under my guidance and the data
forming the basis of the thesis, to the best of my knowledge are original, genuine and no
part of the work has been submitted for any other degree or dissertation.
Thanking you,
Forwarded by Yours faithfully
(S. K. Prasad)
Supervisor
Varanasi 221005, UP, INDIA
T : 91-542-6702420
F : 91-542-2368993
M : 09794112765
E : [email protected]
EFFECT OF NITROGEN LEVELS AND ZINC APPLICATION
ON YIELD AND ZINC CONTENT IN DIRECT SEEDED RICE
(Oryza sativa L.)
by
Rajendra Prasad Meena
Thesis submittedin partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Master Of Science (Agriculture)
In
Agronomy
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
VARANASI-221005
INDIA
2015
THESIS APPROVED BY ADVISORY COMMITTEE
CHAIRMAN : Dr. S. K. Prasad
Assistant Professor
Department of Agronomy,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi.
MEMBERS : Dr. M. K. Singh
Assistant Professor
Department of Agronomy,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi.
MEMBERS : Dr. P. K. Sharma
Associate Professor
Department of Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi.
EXTERNAL EXAMINER:
Acknowledgement
At the outset, being the student of this great Institute, I bow my head with
great reverence to the lotus feet of Bharat Ratan Mahamana Pandit Madan
Mohan Malviya Ji, the founder of the Banaras Hindu University, whose
everlasting desire was to serve mankind. I am fortunate to perceive the prodigious
path to tread upon precisely through precious guidance in this university.
I bow my head before the feet of the “Lord Shiva”, the ‘Almighty’ due to
whose blessings I could able to reach at this stage and feel anything in this earth
could be possible only with the blessings of this invisible but omnipresent supreme
force.
At the outset I would like to express my profound sense of reverence and
indebtness to my Supervisor, Dr. S. K. Prasad, Assistant professor and Dr. M. K.
Singh, Assistant professor Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural
Sciences, Banaras Hindu University for his meticulous guidance, compassionate
initiation, congenial discussion, constructive criticism and soothing affection during
the course of this investigation and preparation of the is manuscript. It was a
matter of sheer luck and opportunity to work under his guidance.
I offer my heartfelt gratitude to members of the advisory committee Dr.
M. K. Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Dr. P. K. Sharma,
Associate professor, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University.
I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Avijit Sen, Professor and Head,
Department of Agronomy and Dr. Rajendra Prasad Singh, Professor (former head of
department), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, for
providing all facilities needed for completion of the research work.
I express my sincere thanks to non–teaching staff, of Department of
Agronomy Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University and
research scholars, of the Department of Agronomy, for their helping hands,
encouragement and cooperation during the tenure of my studies and research work.
Words with me are insufficient to express my fillings of my heart to
acknowledge and gratitude to my beloved mother Smt. Kamali Devi, father Shri.
Jodha Ram Meena, Brother, Kailash Chand Meena and Kana Ram Meena, elder
sister Smt. Santra Meena and other family members who are providing all kind of
help of need.
Most of the credit for the present work goes to my friends Shiv Singh
Meena, Jagjeet Singh, Mishan Das, Sandeep Sihag, Kiran Hingonia, Ayan Das,
Shivam Sukhla, Gangadhar Nanda, shiv Bhadur, Ram singh , Lala Ram,
Dharmendra Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Lala Ram, Rajani, Ardith, Surjyoti Pardhan,
Geetanjali Singh. Also my juniors Sandeep, Pooja, Savita, khushboo, Surendra,
Lekharaj Meena, Akshy Meena.
I express my deep and warm feelings of gratitude to my seniors, Mr. Santosh
Kumar Meena, Mr. Arup Layak, Ramji Lal Meena, Rajkumar Meena, Mr. Ramesh
Kr. Singh, Garuva Kumar, Vishal Taygi for their vital support and sparing their
valuable time to complete this manuscript.
I record my sincere thanks to all beloved and respected people who helped
and could not find separate mentions. I still solicit their benediction to proceed at
very step of respected destined life.
Last but not the least; I bow my head before the Goddess “Saraswati
Mata” seeking her blessing to accomplish the arduous task ahead in my life.
Place:
Date: (Rajendra Prasad Meena)
Department of Agronomy
Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005
CONTENTS
Chapter Description Page No.
Chapter I : Introduction 1-7
Chapter II: Review of Literature 8-32
Chapter III: Materials and Methods 33-46
Chapter IV: Experimental Findings 47-70
Chapter V: Discussion 71-79
Chapter VI: Summary and Conclusion 80-83
Bibliography i-x
LIST OF SYMBOLS ANDABBREVIATIONS
% Per cent Fig. Figure
@ At the rate of NS Non-significant
oC Degree centigrade DAS Days after sowing
m Meter N Nitrogen
cm Centimeter P Phosphorus
mm Millimeter K Potassium
t Tonnes Z Zinc
q Quintal B: C Benefit cost ratio
kg Kilogram C.D. Critical difference
g Gram Max. Maximum
ha Hectare Min. Minimum
m ha Million hectare No. Number
i.e. Id est.(that is) pH Puissance he hydrogen
et al. And others SEm+ Standard error of mean
viz. Namely / Per
e.g. For example hrs Hours
d.f. Degree of freedom ` Rupees
dSm-1 Decisiemen per meter ha-1 Per hectare
EC Electrical conductivity L Litre
RDF Recommended dose of
fertilizer
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Particulars Page No.
Table 4.1.1 Effect of N levels and zinc application on plant height 48
(cm).
Table 4.1.2 Effect of N levels and zinc application on number of 49
tillers.
Table 4.1.2(a) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 49
number of tillers (running m-1) at 60 DAS.
Table 4.1.2(b) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 49
number of tillers (running m-1) at harvesting.
Table 4.1.3 Effect of N levels and zinc application on SPAD 50
value.
Table 4.1.3(a) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 50
SPAD value at 90 DAS
Table 4.1.4 Effect of N levels and zinc application on leaf area 51
index (LAI).
Table 4.1.5 Effect of N levels and zinc application on fresh weight 51
accumulation of shoots (g running m-1).
Table 4.1.5(a) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 51
fresh weight accumulationof shoot (g running m-1) at
harvest
Table 4.1.6 Effect of N levels and zinc application on shoot dry 52
matter accumulation (g running m-1).
Table 4.1.6 (a) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 52
shoot dry matter accumulation (g running m-1) at 30
DAS
Table 4.1.6 (b) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 52
shoot dry matter accumulation (g running m-1) at
harvest
Table 4.1.7 Effect of N levels and zinc application on crop growth 53
rate (CGR) (g running m-1 day-1).
Table 4.1.7(a) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 53
crop growth rate (CGR) (g running m-1day-1) at 30
DAS.
Table 4.2.1 Effect of N level and zinc application on yield 56
attributes
Table 4.2.1(a) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application 56
oneffective tillers at harvest (running m-1)
Table 4.2.1(b) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 56
panicle length (cm)
Table 4.2.1(c) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 56
panicle weight (g)
Table 4.2.2 Effect of N levels and zinc application on yield 58
Table 4.2.2(a) Interaction effect of N level and zinc application on 58
grain yield (kg ha-1)
Table 4.3.1 Effect of N level and zinc application on N, 62
phosphorus, potassium and zinc content in grain and
straw.
Table 4.3.1(a) Interaction effect of N level and zinc application on N 62
content in grain (%)
Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on
Table 4.3.1(b) 62
phosphorus content in grain (%)
Table 4.3.1(c) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 62
zinc content in grain (mg)
Table 4.3.2 Effect of N levels and zinc application on N, 66
phosphorus, potassium and zinc uptake ingrain and
straw.
Table 4.3.2(a) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on N 66
uptake by grain (kg ha-1).
Table 4.3.3(b) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 66
zinc uptake by grain (kg ha-1)
Table 4.3.3 Effect of N levels and zinc application on N, 69
phosphorus, potassium and zinc removal (kg ha-1).
Table 4.3.3(a) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on N 69
removal (kg ha-1).
Table 4.3.3(b) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 69
potassium removal (kg ha-1).
Table 4.4 Effect of N level and zinc fertilization on N& Zn 71
efficiency
Table 4.4.1(a) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc fertilization on 71
partial factor productivity of N
Table 4.4.1(b) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc fertilization on 71
partial factor productivity of zinc
Table 4.4.1(c) Interaction effect of N levels and zinc application on 71
recovery efficiency of N
Table 4.5.1 Effect of N level and zinc application on protein 73
content and protein yield
Table 4.5.1(a) Interaction effect of N level and zinc application on 73
protein content in grain (%)
Table 4.5.1(b) Interaction effect of N level and zinc application on 73
protein yield (kg/ha)
Table 4.6.1 Effect of N levels and zinc application on economics 74
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Particulars After
Page No.
Figure 3.1 Mean standard week-wise meteorological parameters
during crop season (Rabi), 2012-13
Figure 3.2 Layout of the experiment
Figure 3.3 Effect of nitrogen and zinc fertilization on yield attributes
Figure 3.4 Effect of nitrogen and zinc fertilization on yield
Figure 3.5 Effect of nitrogen and zinc fertilization on nitrogen,
phosphorus and zinc content in grain
Figure 3.6 Effect of nitrogen and zinc fertilization on N, P and Zn
uptake in grains and straw (Kg ha-1)
Figure 3.7 Effect of nitrogen and zinc fertilization on Zn efficiency
Figure 3.8 Effect of nitrogen and zinc fertilization on economics
Description:I have great pleasure in forwarding the thesis entitled “Effect of nitrogen levels and zinc application on yield and zinc content in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa. L.)”submitted by Mr. Rajendra Prasad Meena, I.D. No. A-13013, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Maste
