Table Of ContentHuman Security
Theory and Action
ABOUT THE PEACE AND SECURITY
IN THE 21ST CENTURY SERIES
Until recently, security was defined mostly in geopolitical terms with the as-
sumption that it could only be achieved through at least the threat of military
force. Today, however, people from backgrounds as diverse as the Pentagon
and peace activism think in terms of human or global security, where no one
is secure unless everyone is secure in all areas of their lives. This means that
nowadays it is impossible to separate issues of war and peace, the environ-
ment, sustainability, identity, global health, and the like.
The books in the series aim to make sense of this changing world of peace
and security by investigating security issues and peace efforts that involve
cooperation at several levels. By looking at how security and peace interrelate
at various stages of conflict, these titles explore new ideas for a fast-changing
world and seek to reconsider and redefine what peace and security mean in
the first decades of the new century.
Multidisciplinary in approach and authorship, the books cover a variety of
topics, focusing on the overarching theme that students, scholars, practitio-
ners, and policy makers have to find new models and theories to account for,
diagnose, and respond to the difficulties of a more complex world. Authors
are established scholars and practitioners in their fields of expertise.
In addition, it is hoped that the series will contribute to bringing together
authors and readers in concrete, applied projects, and thus help create, under
the sponsorship of Alliance for Peacebuilding (AfP), a community of practice.
The series is sponsored by the Alliance for Peacebuilding, http://www.alli-
anceforpeacebuilding.org/, and edited by Charles Hauss, government liaison.
Human Security
Theory and Action
Second Edition
David Andersen-Rodgers
California State University, Sacramento
Kerry F. Crawford
James Madison University
ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD
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First Edition Copyright © 2018 by David Andersen-Rodgers and Kerry F. Crawford
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Andersen-Rodgers, David, author. | Crawford, Kerry F, author.
Title: Human security : theory and action / David Andersen-Rodgers,
California State University, Sacramento, Kerry F. Crawford, James
Madison University.
Description: Second edition. | Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield, [2022] |
Series: Peace and security in the 21st century | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022018122 (print) | LCCN 2022018123 (ebook) | ISBN
9781538159927 (cloth) | ISBN 9781538159934 (paperback) | ISBN
9781538159941 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Human security. | Human rights.
Classification: LCC JC571 .A535 2022 (print) | LCC JC571 (ebook) | DDC
323—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022018122
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022018123
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper
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For our children,
Allan
Lucca
Soren
Emilia
Isabella
Contents
List of Tables, Boxes, and Figures ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
SECTION I: INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN SECURITY
1 Human Security—A New Security? 3
2 Historical Foundations of Human Security 27
3 Human Security Actors 49
4 Human Rights and Human Security 75
SECTION II: ARMED CONFLICT AND HUMAN SECURITY
5 From Nonintervention to the Responsibility to Protect 97
6 Human Security in Peace Processes 125
7 Human Security and Peacebuilding 147
SECTION III: DURABLE HUMAN SECURITY
8 Breaking the Cycle of Insecurity 175
9 Health Security as Human Security 193
10 Gender Inequality and Security 213
vii
viii Contents
11 Climate Change and Environmental Security 231
12 Food Security 251
SECTION IV: CONCLUSIONS
13 Human Security: An Essential Approach to Twenty-First Century
Security Problems 269
Glossary 285
References 297
Index 333
About the Authors 349
List of Tables, Boxes, and Figures
TABLES
1.1 Security approaches and purposes 4
1.2 Justifications for security provision without a
human security norm 13
1.3 Justifications for security provision incorporating a
human security norm 15
1.4 Security perspectives and their implications 19
3.1 Security approaches, goals, and providers 51
3.2 The MDGs and SDGs, side by side 68
5.1 The four crimes: Genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing,
and crimes against humanity 116
7.1 Timing of and responsibility for core peacebuilding activities 157
11.1 Timetable of key international agreements forming the
climate regime 243
BOXES
1.1 Think about it . . . How do we know security when we see it? 17
2.1 Think about it . . . What motivates international actors to choose
human security? 41
ix
