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The issue is dedicated to Professor .rD
.rD h. c. Milan Schwuger on the occa-
sion of his 60th birthday. Most of the
papers included in this volume are
related to the central tpoic: the inter-
action of surface active agents with
solid materials. It comprises an k/
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impressive overview of the actual
research in colloid science and reveals
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Progress in Colloid & Polymer Science, Vol. 901 (1998)
PROGRESS IN COLLOID & POLYMER SCIENCE
Editors: .F Kremer (Leipzig) and .G Lagaly (Kiel)
Volume 901 (1998)
snoziroH 2000-
stcepsa of colloid dna
interface science at the
turn of the millenium
Editor:
.G Lagaly (Kiel)
regnirpS
IV
ISBN 3-7985-1113-6 This work is subject to copyright. All © 1998 by Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag
ISSN 0340-255 X rights are reserved, whether the whole or GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt.
part of the material is concerned,
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - specifically those rights of translation, Chemistry Editor:
CIP-Einheitsaufnahme reprinting, reuse of illustrations, Dr. Maria Magdalene Nabbe;
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on Production: Holger Frey, Ajit Vaidya.
Progress in colloid & polymer science. - microfilms or in other ways, and storage
Darmstadt : Steinkopff ; New York : in data banks. Duplication of this Typesetting and Copy-Editing:
Springer publication or parts thereof is only Macmillan Ltd., Bangalore, India
FrLiher Schriftenreihe permitted under the provisions of the
Printing: Druckhaus Beltz, Hemsbach
Vol. 109. Horizons 2000 - aspects of German Copyright Law of September 9,
colloid and interface science at the turn 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985,
of the millenium. - 1998 and a copyright fee must always be paid.
Horizons 2000 - aspects of colloid and Violations fall under the prosecution act
interface science at the turn of the of the German Copyright Law.
millenium / guest ed.: G. Lagaly. -
Darmstadt : Steinkopff ; New York : The use of registered names, trademarks,
Springer, 1998 etc. in this publication does not imply,
(Progress in colloid & polymer science ; even in the absence of specific statement,
Vol. 109) that such names are exempt from the
ISBN 3-7985-1113-6 relevant protective laws and regulations
and therefore free for general use.
gorP diolloC myloP icS )8991( V
© ffpoknietS galreV 8991
The issue is dedicated to Professor .rD .rD .h c. Milan Schwuger on the occasion of
his 60 h~ birthday. A central topic of his scientific studies concerns the interaction of
surface active agents with solid materials. Though most of the papers collected in
this issue are related to this central theme, they comprise an impressing overview of
the actual research in colloid science and reveal expected trends of this strongly
developing field at the turn of the millennium.
G. Lagaly
The major part of the papers published in this volume has been presented during the
6 ht Wolfgang Ostwald Colloqium "Horizons 2000" from 4-6 June in Jtilich. The
meeting was sponsored by
BASF AG, Ludwigshafen
Bayer AG, Leverkusen
Bruker Analytische MeBtechnik GmbH, Karlsruhe
Chemische Betriebe Pluto GmbH, Herne
Chemische Fabrik Kreussler, Wiesbaden
.rD Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt
DSM Research, Geleen
Forschungszentrum Jalich GmbH
Henkel KGaA, Dtisseldorf
Kolloid-Gesellschaft e.V., n16K
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt
Perkin Elmer, Dtisseldorf
Quarzwerke GmbH, Frechen
Stuart GmbH, Wuppertal
Stid-Chemie AG, Mfinchen
ThermoBioanalysis, Hemel Hempstead.
Prog Colloid Polym icS (1998) VII
© Steinkopff galreV 8991
Preface V
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
oitaduaL
W. von Rybinski: Honoring Milan Johann Schwuger on his 60th birthday ................
dipiL layers, lammellar sesahp dna foam films
H. M6hwald, U. Dahmen, Lipid monolayers to understand and control properties of fluid interfaces..
K. de Meijere, G. Brezesinski:
H. Hoffmann, M. Bergmeier, Preparation of three morphologically different states of a lamellar phase 31
M. Gradzielski, C. Thunig:
E. Brtickner, H. Rehage: Solubilization of toluene in phospholipid vesicles studied by video-enhan-
ced contrast microscopy ......................................... 12
D. Exerowa, R. Ivanova, R. Sedev: On the origin of electrostatic interaction in foam films from ABA triblock
copolymers .................................................... 29
Surfactants dna surfactant application
M. J. Rosen: Molecular interactions and the quantitative prediction of synergism in mix-
tures of surfactants ............................................. 35
O. A. 1E Seoud, L. R Novaki: Water solubilization by surfactant aggregates in organic solvents: Limita-
tions of the multi-state water model ................................ 42
T. R Lockhart, E. Borgarello: Colloid science in oil and gas production and transportation ............ 49
B. Wu, S. D. Christian, Recovery of surfactant from micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration using a pre-
J. E Scamehorn: cipitation process ..............................................
60
J. R. Baran Jr., G. A. Pope, An overview of surfactant enchanced aquifer remediation .............. 74
W. H. Wade, .V Weerasooriya:
K. Ohbu, M. Fujiwara, .Y Abe: Physicochemical properties of oL-sulfonated fatty acid esters ............ 85
snoislumE dna snoislumeorcim
S. E. Friberg, L. Fei: Vapor pressures of phenethyl alcohol and penethyl acetate in aqueous
solutions of sodium xylene sulfonate and polyvinylpyrrolidone ......... 93
M. J. Rang, C. A. Miller: Spontaneous emulsification of oil drops containing surfactants and medium-
chain alcohols ................................................. 101
H.-D. D6rfler: The influence of ethylene glycol on the phase of aqueous microemulsions
in quaternary systems ........................................... 811
W. von Rybinski, Th. F6rster: Fundaments of the development and applications of new emulsion types .. 126
remyloP solutions dna polymer noitprosda
.V Raicu, A. Baran, D. .F Anghel, Electrical conductivity of aqueous polymer solutions. 2. Effects of octa-
S. Saito, A. Lovescu, C. Rfidoi: ethylene glycol mono(n-dodecyl) ether upon the poly(acrylic acid) coil ... 136
viii stnetnoC
M. Borkovec, G. J. M. Koper: Towards a quantative description of ionization properties of linear and
branched polyelectrolytes ........................................ 241
L. H. Torn, A. de Keizer, L. K. Koopal, Polymer adsorption on a patchwise heterogeneous surface ............. 351
.W Blokzijl, J. Lyklema:
D. Bauer, E. Killmann, W. Jaeger: Adsorption of poly (diallyl-dimethyl-ammoniumchloride) (PDADMAC)
and of copolymers of DADMAC with N-methyl-N-vinyl-acetamide
(NMVA) on colloidal silica ...................................... 161
Surface scitegrene
D. .Y Kwok, A. W. Neumann: Contact angles and surfaces energetics ............................. 170
snoisrepsiD
I. ut Haq, E. Matijevid: Preparation and properties of uniform coated inorganic colloidal particles.
.21 Tin and its compounds on hematite ............................. 581
A. Pohlmeier, M Ili6: Binding reactions at the solid-liquid interface analyzed by the concept of
kinetic and affinity spectra: Cd +2 in montmorillonites ................. 291
E. Klumpp, H. Lewandowski, Surface modifications of soil minerals by amphiphilic substances (surfac-
J.-M. Srquaris: tants, synthetic and natural macromolecules) ........................ 202
I. Regdon, Z. Kir~ily, I. Drk~iny, Microcalorimetric studies of S/L interfacial layers: thermodynamic para-
G. Lagaly: meters of the adsorption of butanol-water on hydrophobized clay minerals 214
N. Kallay, A. Cop, D. Kovacevic, The use of electrokinetic potential in the interpretation of adsorption pheno-
A. Pohlmeier: mena. Adsorption of salicyclic acid on titanium dioxide ............... 221
K. Tertsch, H. Versmold: Electro-osmosis in electrophoretic light scattering experiments ......... 227
E. Koglin, S. M. Kreisig, T. Copitzky: Adsorption of organic molecules on metal nanostructures: State of the art
in SERS spectroscopy .......................................... 232
M. Zizlsperger, W. Knoll: Multispot parallel on-line monitoring of interfacial binding reactions by
surface plasmon microscopy ..................................... 244
secitaL
K. Holmberg: Role of surfactants in water-borne coatings ......................... 254
J. Wieboldt, R. Zimehl, J. Ahrens, Some aspects of polymer colloids. III. Preparation and properties of differ-
G. Lagaly: ent types of cationic latex particles ................................ 260
C. Marburger, J. Kreuter: Production of nanoparticles: polymerization termination and molecular
weights during radical-induced emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization
(heterogeneous polymerization) ................................... 270
N. J. Marston, B. Vincent, N. G. Wright: The synthesis of spherical rutile titanium dioxide particles and their inter-
action with polystyrene latex particles of opposite charge .............. 278
rgorP diolloC Polym icS )8991( 1:901 2
,~, ffpoknietS galreV 8991
gnironoH Milan nnahoJ Schwuger
W. von Rybinski
no sih 60th birthday
On the occasion of his 60th birthday the replacement of phosphates not by
Professor Schwuger si honored as one, but by a mixture of at least two
a scientist with an extraordinary different components. Instead of
career, which not only includes an un- choosing a water-soluble complexing
usually broad field of colloid and in- agent, the water-insoluble zeolite A in
terface science, but also both basic combination with a carrier fulfilled
science and application. the performance profile of phosphates
Starting as a student of Physical in detergents and became the new
Chemistry in 1957 his diploma thesis technical standard for builders in de-
"Comparison of BET-surface areas tergents.
for different adsorbents" led into the From 1972 to 1977 Professor
field of interface science. His PhD the- Schwuger was the leader of a project
sis continued this topic with a success- team, which would eventually estab-
ful defense at the University of lish the scientific and technical basis
Aachen in 1966. In the same year he and the ecological evaluation of this
joined the chemical company Henkel invention. llA aspects ranging from
in Dfisseldorf, Germany. In collab- technical problems to the environ-
oration with Professor Hermann mental compatibility were covered in
Lange he extended his scientific work this project. Additionally, physico-
Prof Dr. Dr b.c. Milan Johann Schwuger into another field of interface science chemical studies of ion exchange, -se
with a specific focus on applied -er pecially of heavy-metal ions, were
search. During this time his first re- conducted.
markable papers on the structure of After the successful finalization of
association colloids were published. the project and the introduction of the
This early scientific success resulted in first test detergent containing zeolite
him becoming group leader within ,A Professor Schwuger was appointed
Corporate Research at Henkel in the head of Physical Chemical -eR
.8691 His main interest was the study search at Henkel. In recognition for
of the interracial properties of associ- his research in the replacement of
ation and dispersion colloids in aque- phosphates in detergents he was
ous phases based on specific applica- honored by the Theodor-Steinkopff
tion problems. This period of research award of the German Colloid Society.
led to the replacement of phosphates Nowadays about 5.1 million tons of
.rD gnagfloW noy iksnibyR in detergents with zeolite .A zeolite A and 5 million tons of deter-
lekneH KGaA Based on fundamental studies of gents are produced according to the
e3lartslekneH 76
the mode of action of complexing patents of Professor Schwuger. This
19104-D frodlessiiD
ynamreG agents Professor Schwuger proposed invention si displayed in the Deutsche
oitaduaL
Museum in Bonn, Germany, where rant-contaminant mixtures onto clay Henkel for seven years, when I joined
the one hundred most important Ger- minerals and biodegradable micro- Henkel in 1980. This time he convinc-
man inventions since 1945 are shown. emulsions for soil decontamination ed me that the study of the funda-
sA head of Physical Chemical Re- received awards from the American mentals in colloid and interface chem-
search at Henkel from 1977 to 1989 Oil Chemist's Society and the com- istry si of tremendous importance in
Professor Schwuger succeeded in pany Nordac. In 1989 Professor many fields of applications. There
solving many problems of the world- Schwugera lso became director of the was, and still ,si a huge demand for
wide activities of the company regard- Environmental Specimen Bank of further the understanding of technical
ing colloid and interface science. In Germany, which belongs to the Insti- processes regarding colloid and inter-
addition to his job at Henkel he be- tute of Applied Physical Chemistry in face chemistry. Professor Schwuger si
came a lecturer at the University of Jtilich. In 1991 Professor Schwuger a brilliant scholar who in addition to
Diisseldorfin 1982. In 1989 Professor was elected as chairman of the Ger- this always had an open ear for his
Schwuger was appointed as the dir- man Colloid Society. He si a Dr Ho- collegues and co-workers.
ector of the Institute for Applied Phys- noris Causa from Clarkson Univer- Looking at such a successful life's
ical Chemistry in Jiilich, Germany, sity in Potsdam, New York. work, what remains for the future?
retaining his position as professor During a period of more than 03 Additional scientific achievements are
in Dfisseldorf. Since then the physical years Professor Schwuger's scientific a goal which Professor Schwuger will
chemistry of interfaces in the envi- research impact has been tremendous. pursue and achieve of course, but one
ronment became his major field of He has published about 031 original should not forget that there si also
research. He was able to build up scientific papers in international jour- a private person in Professor
a unique branch of research which nals and 51 contributions to books. In Schwuger whose great passion is
deals with the physico-chemical inter- addition to this, there are more than travelling, especially on the American
action of surfactants in the aquatic 07 patent applications which show continent. So, I would like to wish
and terrestrial environment, espe- a unique combination of basic science him and his wife, who has always
cially in multicomponent systems and application in the research of given him strong support, enough
containing contaminants. The results Professor Schwuger. spare time for travels.
regarding the kinetics and equilib- I have had the priviledge to work
rium during the adsorption of surfac- together with Professor Schwuger at
Progr Colloid Polym icS )8991( 109:3 21
,c, Verlag Steinkopff 8991
dipiL monolayers to understand dna
H. M6hwald
U. Dahmen control properties of fluid interfaces
K. de Meijere
G. Brezesinski
Abstract Langmuir monolayers are can use structural studies to
:devieceR 32 October 7991
probably the best defined interracial understand interactions of lipids with
:detpeccA 72 October 7991
systems since they enable variation of adjacent molecules. Samples pre-
many parameters independently and sented are phospholipid molecules
since many techniques have been electrostatically interacting with
established in recent years to charac- polyelectrolytes, enzymatically
terize them at the molecular level. In attacked by phospholipases and
the first part of the paper the progress partly solubilized by hydrocarbons. It
in the physical understanding of the is shown that these interactions
polymorphism is given. Ordered specifically affect the monolayer
mesophases are encountered, dis- structure, changing chain tilt and
tinguished by aliphatic chain tilt, partly increasing the order. In
azimuth and the freedom of chain addition it is shown that enzymatic
rotation about the long axis. The reactions at interfaces are varied via
orientation of polar molecules at the structure and composition of the
Dr. Prof. H. M6hwald (l~)" .U Dahmen
.K de Meijere Dr. G. iksnisezerB interface in addition is responsible for monolayer.
Max-Planck-lnstitut fiir long range electrostatic interactions
Kolloid- und Grenzfl/ichenforschung
causing peculiar domain shapes and Key words Lipid monolayers model
Rudower Chaussee 5
98421-D Berlin superlattices. Having largely membranes interface structure
Germany understood the polymorphism one
in physics, chemistry and biology. In condensed matter
noitcudortnI
physics much is known about macroscopic systems > ( )m~l
and atoms and molecules, the "hot" areas being inter-
Horizons 2000 this must be the area in colloid and faces, clusters, soft matter and glasses. In chemistry the
interracial science between what we just faintly observe field of supramolecular chemistry is exploding where re-
and what we may soon observe. It may also be the area petitive synthetic routes and self-organization principles
that we greatly desire to see, and there may be different are used to prepare functional macromolecules. In bio-
reasons for this desire: new applications and new demands, logy besides understanding the genetical code and the
e.g. in environmental science, biotechnology or informa- interplay between functional entities there are large efforts
tion technology; new principles, e.g. in general physics, to resolve structure and dynamics of "'small" units like
biophysics or chemistry, These different motivations are proteins. The dimensions of these systems are between
not conflicting and one may ask: Where has been the most nm and iLm, i.e. the colloidal domain, and it is therefore
progress, what can one expect from it and how will one not surprising that colloid science is part of these larger
make use of it? Obviously answers on this will be highly areas and si thus per se also interdisciplinary. Interracial
subjective, and we will try to argue from our backgrounds science on the other hand is also essential to understand
