Holograms & Holography: Design, Techniques, & Commercial Applications

709 Pages·2001·12.28 MB·English

by  John R. Vacca

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HOLOGRAMS &
HOLOGRAPHY
Design, Techniques, &
Commercial Applications
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HOLOGRAMS &
HOLOGRAPHY
Design, Techniques, &
Commercial Applications
John R. Vacca
CHARLESRIVERMEDIA, INC.
Hingham,Massachusetts
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Copyright 2001 by CHARLES RIVER MEDIA, INC.
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any way, stored in a retrieval system of any type,
or transmitted by any means or media, electronic or mechanical, including, but not limited to,
photocopy, recording, or scanning, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
Production: Publishers’ Design and Production Services
Cover Design: The Printed Image
Cover Image: AD 2000 Inc.
Printer: Phoenix Color Printing
CHARLES RIVER MEDIA, INC.
20 Downer Avenue, Suite 3
Hingham, MA 02043
781-740-0400
781-740-8816 (FAX)
www.charlesriver.com
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Holograms & Holography: Design, Techniques, & Commercial Applications
John Vacca
ISBN: 1-886801-96-7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Vacca, John R.
Holograms and holography : design, techniques, & commercial
applications / John Vacca.
p. cm.
1. Holography. I. Title.
TA1540 .V33 2001
621.36′75—dc21
2001000922
All brand names and product names mentioned in this book are trademarks or service marks of
their respective companies. Any omission or misuse (of any kind) of service marks or trademarks
should not be regarded as intent to infringe on the property of others. The publisher recognizes
and respects all marks used by companies, manufacturers, and developers as a means to
distinguish their products.
Printed in the United States of America
01 7 6 5 4 3 2First Edition
CHARLES RIVER MEDIA, INC. titles are available for site license or bulk purchase by institutions,
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Requests for replacement of a defective CD must be accompanied by the original disc, your
mailing address, telephone number, date of purchase and purchase price. Please state the
nature of the problem, and send the information to CHARLES RIVER MEDIA, INC.
20 Downer Avenue, Suite 3, Hingham, MA 02043. CRM’s sole obligation to the purchaser is
to replace the disc, based on defective materials or faulty workmanship, but not on the operation
or functionality of the product.
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About the Cover Hologram
Cover Hologram produced by A D 2000, Inc. of New Haven, CT. Both
the Earth/Grid embossed type hologram on the cover and the Brain/
Skull photopolymer type hologram in the CD sleeve are stock images avail-
able through the HoloBank® line (see accompanying CDROM for full
information).
The hologram on this cover is known as an embossed type rainbow
hologram. After concept, a model maker was hired to create the model of
the world, and an artist for the grid and stars. The model was “flattened” to
facilitate better viewing in ambient lighting environments. Blue Ridge
Holographics was hired to shoot the H1 and H2 photoresist holograms at
an overall image size of 6" x 6" (later cropped to the 23⁄" size you see here).
4
This image is an excellent example of the combined use of an actual 3D
object with two-dimensional flat artwork, together causing a dramatic ap-
pearance of depth.
The photoresist master was then silvered, re-tooled (for replication effi-
ciency), and production shims were created. The images were then micro-
embossed into 2 mm metallized polyester, coated with pressure sensitive
adhesive and a release liner, and kiss cut to final size. Finally, the hologram
labels were applied by hand to the finished book cover and laminated for
protection.
HoloBank® offers the world’s largest selection of stock image holograms
that can be customized for use in any promotion, advertisement, or secu-
rity authentication. The Earth with Grid is one of almost a thousand var-
ied stock hologram images; many of which are offered at a variety of sizes
and on a multitude of products. Please contact www.holobank.com for
further information.
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To Tullio G. Bortoletto, for his inspiration, support, interest,
and friendship over the past few years.
—John R. Vacca
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CONTENTS
Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction xv
Part I Overview of Hologram Technology:
Practical Uses 1
1 Practical Holography 3
2 Holographic Principles 23
3 Using Light to Shape Empty Space 37
4 Holographic Interferometry 59
5 Laser Electronics 83
6 Holography Marketing Implications 91
Part II Commercial Applications 107
7 A Universe of Commercial Holograms 109
8 Design: Anatomy of a Hologram 119
9 Mastering Holograms 197
10 Electroforming 205
11 Holographic Embossing 215
12 Metallizing 225
13 Converting 233
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viii CONTENTS
14 Products 241
15 Patterns 251
Part III Integral and Portrait Holography 269
16 Motion Picture Holographic Image Production 271
17 The Market for Holographic Art: How Well
AreHolograms Represented? 285
18 Selling Holographic Art 305
Part IV Computer-Generated Holography 319
19 Computer-Generated Holograms on the Web 321
20 Internet Holography 339
21 Holographic Storage Systems: Converting Data
intoLight 359
Part V Electro- and Electron Holography 397
22 Electro-Holography 399
23 Electron Holography 461
Part VI Custom Holography, Security, Results,
and Future Directions 479
24 How to Make Your Own Holograms 481
25 Holographic Security 531
26 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations 561
Part VII Appendixes 597
A International Hologram Manufacturers Association
(IHMA) and List of Holographic-Related Sites 599
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CONTENTS ix
B Holographic Research Condensed Report 605
C Hologram Reference Wave Noise 617
D Quantum Holography 623
E Holographic Images 625
F Frequently Asked Questions 627
G ISAR Imaging: A Generalized Geometry 633
H Hologramic Theory 641
I Holographic Games 645
J Guide to the CD-ROM 647
Glossary of Terms and Acronyms 655
Index 663