Histories of Race and Racism: The Andes and Mesoamerica from Colonial Times to the Present

414 Pages·2011·1.57 MB·English

by  Laura Gotkowitz

f
Histories of Race and Racism

f
Histories of Race and Racism
The Andes and Mesoamerica
from Colonial Times to the Present
laura gotkowitz
edited by
Duke University Press Durham and London 2011
∫ 2011 Duke University Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper $
Designed by Amy Ruth Buchanan
Typeset in Minion by Keystone Typesetting, Inc.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear
on the last printed page of this book.
contents
Acknowledgments ix
laura gotkowitz 1
Introduction: Racisms of the Present
and the Past in Latin America
part i f The Uses of ‘‘Race’’ in Colonial Latin America
kathryn burns 57
Unfixing Race
sinclair thomson 72
Was There Race in Colonial Latin America?
Identifying Selves and Others in the Insurgent Andes
part ii f Racialization and the State in the Long Nineteenth Century
arturo taracena arriola 95
From Assimilation to Segregation: Guatemala, 1800–1944
rossana barragán 113
The Census and the Making of a Social ‘‘Order’’
in Nineteenth-Century Bolivia
brooke larson 134
Forging the Unlettered Indian: The Pedagogy of
Race in the Bolivian Andes
part iii f Racialization and Nationalist Mythologies in
the Twentieth Century
seemin qayum 159
Indian Ruins, National Origins: Tiwanaku and Indigenismo
in La Paz, 1897–1933
deborah poole 179
Mestizaje, Distinction, and Cultural Presence:
The View from Oaxaca
claudio lomnitz 204
On the Origin of the ‘‘Mexican Race’’
part iv f Antiracist Movements and Racism Today
rudi colloredo-mansfeld 221
Politics of Place and Urban Indígenas in Ecuador’s
Indigenous Movement
esteban ticona alejo 240
Education and Decolonization in the Work of
the Aymara Activist Eduardo Leandro Nina Qhispi
charles r. hale 254
Mistados, Cholos, and the Negation of Identity
in the Guatemalan Highlands
maría elena garcía and josé antonio lucero 278
Authenticating Indians and Movements: Interrogating
Indigenous Authenticity, Social Movements, and
Fieldwork in Contemporary Peru
andrés calla and khantuta muruchi 299
Transgressions and Racism: The Struggle over a
New Constitution in Bolivia
vi contents
pamela calla and the research group
of the observatorio del racismo 311
Epilogue to ‘‘Transgressions and Racism’’: Making Sense
of May 24th in Sucre: Toward an Antiracist Legislative Agenda
part v f Concluding Comments
florencia e. mallon 321
A Postcolonial Palimpsest: The Work Race Does
in Latin America
Bibliography 337
Contributors 377
Index 381
contents vii

acknowledgments
This book first began to take shape at a conference convened at the University
of Iowa in October 2002, where historians and anthropologists working in
the United States and Latin America presented papers on racial meanings,
mestizaje, indigenous social movements, and new nation-building para-
digms. Many of the papers included in the book were first presented at the
conference. The thinking that went into the book also benefited from the
contributions of a number of other scholars who participated in the con-
ference, and I would like to thank them here: Carlos Aguirre, Ana Alonso,
Florence Babb, Dan Balderston, Darío Euraque, Michel Gobat, Je√ Gould,
Laurie Graham, Charles A. Hale, Zoila Mendoza, Mercedes Niño-Murcia,
Patricia Oliart, Jacki Rand, Carol Smith, Chuck Walker, Kay Warren, Mary
Weismantel, and Eileen Willingham. I wish to thank Ernesto Silva for provid-
ing the expert simultaneous translation that made the discussions at the
conference possible. Special thanks are owed to Marisol de la Cadena for
coorganizing the conference and for her contributions to it. A di√erent
volume in Spanish was published by Marisol in Colombia. I would also like to
express my thanks to the institutions that provided funding: the Wenner
Gren Foundation, the Latin American Studies Association Special Projects
Fund, the University of Iowa Arts and Humanities Initiative, and the Univer-
sity of Iowa International Programs Special Projects. My thanks go to Mer-
cedes Niño-Murcia—director of the Latin American Studies Program at the
University of Iowa when the conference was convened—who o√ered crucial
support for this project.