Headache in Children and Adolescents: A Case-Based Approach

227 Pages·2016·4.901 MB·English

by  Ishaq Abu-Arafeh, Aynur Özge (eds.)

Headache
in Children and
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A Case-Based Approach
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
Aynur Özge
Editors
123
Headache in Children and Adolescents

Ishaq Abu-Arafeh (cid:129) Aynur Özge
Editors
Headache in Children
and Adolescents
A Case-Based Approach
Editors
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh Aynur Özge
Royal Hospital for Sick Children Çifl ikköy Kampusü
Glasgow Mersin University School of Medicine
Forth Valley Royal Hospital Mersin
Larbert Turkey
UK
ISBN 978-3-319-28626-6 ISBN 978-3-319-28628-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-28628-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016949450
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
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Pref ace
In some children, headache is mild, infrequent and managed well at home by parents
without seeking medical advice. In other children, headache is severe, prolonged
and frequent and may represent a devastating disorder such as a brain tumour or a
diffi cult-to-treat primary headache. In between these two ends of the spectrum,
there are dozens of types of headache that cause misery to the children, provoke
concerns to the parents and bring dilemmas of diagnosis and management to medi-
cal practitioners. Therefore, headache is not a single disease with a single solution
but a constellation of many disorders in which head pain is the main presenting
complaint. It would be more appropriate to consider the condition in the context of
childhood “headaches” or “headache disorders”.
Each type of headache has its own specifi c characteristics, associated symptoms,
natural course and prognosis. On occasions, the borders between different headache
disorders can be blurred, and the symptoms may be shared among different head-
aches, creating a special challenge in making a defi nitive positive diagnosis and a
management plan. This book tries to address these issues. Authors of different chap-
ters bring in clinical cases, some to illustrate the typical features of common disor-
ders and suggest clear advice in management. Other chapters deal with more
complex clinical situations with complex interaction between the biological ele-
ments of the disease, the psychological infl uences on child and family and also the
social factors that may help or hinder the course of the disease.
I n modern medical education, problem-based learning has become an important
interactive tool in which the readers will be engaged in case analysis and suggesting
differential diagnosis and treatment. In this book, we took a similar approach, trying
to make the dull and complex clinical scenarios more lively and more engaging. The
contributing authors of H eadache İn Children and Adolescents : A Case -B ased
Approach come from many parts of the world, and they are accomplished experts in
the fi eld of childhood headache disorders. We are so grateful to each one of them for
sharing with us real cases from their own practices with some necessary modifi ca-
tions in order to protect the identities of their patients. Following the presentation of
patients’ stories, authors make analysis of the clinical history, make a diagnosis
based on the application of appropriate clinical criteria and suggest investigations as
v
vi Preface
clinically indicated. The authors use their clinical expertise to make suggestions for
management and where appropriate may involve professionals for different clinical
disciplines.
Headache İn Children and Adolescents : A Case - Based Approach is designed to
be an easy-to-use clinical resource with the busy clinicians in mind. It aims to help
practitioners treating children with headache in their daily practice. The readers will
notice that we kept theoretical knowledge on epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis
and disease mechanisms and review of randomised trials to the minimum but at the
same time ensuring all statements, advice and treatment options to be evidence
based as much as possible and as soon as evidence is available. References are kept
to the minimum in order to avoid overwhelming the readers with uncertainties and
in order to keep the book user-friendly; all chapters are written to follow a similar
style so readers can fi nd information quickly and when they need it. Advances in
information technology and digital publishing have helped us in taking this book
into a new era, allowing the publication of high-defi nition photos and also including
a video clip to demonstrate a clinical case.
T his book could never be prepared if it wasn’t for Springer and Barbara Lopez-
Lucio, the developmental editor. We are grateful for her hard work and support.
Likewise, we are thankful to all of our professors, from whom we learned so much,
to our patients and their precious families and, lastly, to our spouses and our
children.
Glasgow , UK Ishaq Abu-Arafeh , MBBS, MD, MRCP, FRCPCH
Mersin , Turkey Aynur Özge , MD
20 March 2016
Contents
1 A Child with Infrequent Attacks of Migraine Without Aura . . . . . . . . . . 1
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
2 A Child with Frequent Attacks of Migraine Without Aura . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
3 A Child with Chronic Migraine Without Aura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
4 A Child with Infrequent Attacks of Migraine with Aura . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Semih Ayta and Derya Uludüz
5 A Child with Frequent Attacks of Migraine with Aura . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Çiçek Wöber-Bingöl
6 A Child with Migraine with Intense Visual Aura/“Alice
in Wonderland Syndrome” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
7 A Child with Hemiplegic Migraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
8 A Child with Migraine with Brainstem Aura
or Basilar-Type Migraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
9 A Child with Infrequent Episodic Tension- Type Headache . . . . . . . . . . 39
Cristiano Termine , B. Bartoli , S. Crugnola , and U. Balottin
10 A Child with Frequent Episodic Tension-Type Headache . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Osman Özgür Yalın and Aynur Özge
11 A Child with Chronic Tension-Type Headache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Osman Özgür Yalın and Aynur Özge
vii
viii Contents
12 Cases of Cluster Headache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Prab Prabhakar , Lynn Macleod , and Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
13 A Child with “Paroxysmal Hemicrania” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
14 A Child with Hemicrania Continua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
15 A Child with Stabbing Headaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Rachel Howells
16 A Child with Mixed Types of Headache: Tension-Type
Headache and Migraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Osman Özgür Yalın and Aynur Özge
17 An Adolescent with Chronic Daily Headache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Shashi S. Seshia and Richard J. Huntsman
18 A Child with Headache Attributed to Intracranial Neoplasm . . . . . . . . 95
Füsun Ferda Erdoğan
19 A Child with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Pınar Tektürk , Zuhal Yapıcı , and Betül Baykan
20 A Child with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Andrew D. Hershey
21 A Child with Migraine and Chiari Malformation Type 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Stewart Macleod
22 A Child with Sinusitis and Headache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Tal Eidlitz-Markus
23 A Child with Headache and Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Kenneth J. Mack
24 Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Gülden Akdal
25 A Child with Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
26 A Child with Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Alexey Sergeev
27 A Child with Abdominal Migraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Aynur Özge
28 A Child with Headache and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Jacques Bruijn
Contents ix
29 A Child with Medication Overuse Headache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Osman Özgür Yalın and Aynur Özge
30 A Child with Thunderclap Headache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Derya Uludüz
31 A Child with Trigeminal Neuralgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Jean-Christophe Cuvellier
32 A Child with Headache and Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Veli Yıldırım , M. Özlem Kütük , and Aynur Özge
33 A Child with Headache and Anxiety Disorder
Including School Refusal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Federica Galli , Elena Vegni , and Aglaia Vignoli
34 A Child with Headache and Attention Deficit
and Hyperactivity Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Noemi Faedda , Maria Romani , and Vincenzo Guidetti
35 A Child with Headache and Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Musa Öztürk and Refhan Balkan Öztürk
36 A Child with Chronic Posttraumatic Headache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Ishaq Abu-Arafeh
Headache Diary of Children and Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217