Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine

6379 Pages·2014·110.73 MB·English

by  Allan B. Wolfson et al. (eds.)

Harwood-Nuss’
CLINICAL PRACTICE OF
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
SIXTH EDITION
Harwood-Nuss’
CLINICAL PRACTICE OF
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
SIXTH EDITION
Editor-in-Chief
...............................................
Allan B. Wolfson, MD
Professor and Vice Chair for Education
Department of Emergency Medicine
University of Pittsburgh
Program Director
University of Pittsburgh Emergency Medicine Residency
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Associate Editors
...............................................
Robert L. Cloutier, MD, MCR
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Co-
Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Assistant
Program Director, Emergency Medicine Training Program
Oregon Health and Science University Portland, Oregon
Gregory W. Hendey, MD
Professor and Chief of Emergency Medicine UCSF Fresno Medical
Education Program Community Regional Medical Center
Fresno, California
Louis J. Ling, MD
Professor of Emergency Medicine
University of Minnesota Medical School Medical Toxicologist
Hennepin Regional Poison Center
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Senior Vice President for Hospital-based Accreditation
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Chicago,
Illinois
Carlo L. Rosen, MD
Associate Professor
Harvard Medical School
Program Director and Vice Chair for Education Department of
Emergency Medicine Associate Director of Graduate Medical
Education Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston,
Massachusetts
Jeffrey J. Schaider, MD
Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine Rush Medical
College
Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine Cook County
Health and Hospital System Chicago, Illinois
Acquisitions Editor: Jamie M. Elfrank Product Development Editor: Ashley Fischer Editorial Assistant:
Brian Convery Production Project Manager: David Orzechowski Design Coordinator: Holly
McLaughlin Manufacturing Coordinator: Beth Welsh Marketing Manager: Stephanie Kindlick
Prepress Vendor: Aptara, Inc.
6th edition
Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer
Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.
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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN 13: 978-1-4511-8881-3
ISBN 10: 1-4511-8881-1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available upon request
This work is provided “as is,” and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties, express or
implied, including any warranties as to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content
of this work.
This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon healthcare professionals’
examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender,
current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory data and other factors unique
to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance and this work is
merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible
for the use of this work including all medical judgments and for any resulting diagnosis and
treatments.
Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent
professional verification of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections
and dosages, and treatment options should be made and healthcare professionals should consult
a variety of sources. When prescribing medication, healthcare professionals are advised to
consult the product information sheet (the manufacturer’s package insert) accompanying each
drug to verify, among other things, conditions of use, warnings and side effects and identify any
changes in dosage schedule or contradictions, particularly if the medication to be administered is
new, infrequently used or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximum extent permitted
under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage
to persons or property, as a matter of products liability, negligence law or otherwise, or from any
reference to or use by any person of this work.
LWW.com
To my family, friends, mentors, and colleagues, and to the many residents
and students who continue to teach me so much.
Allan B. Wolfson, MD
To my wife Nicola and my children, Jared and Joanna, for their patience and
support of my time-consuming endeavors; and to my parents, Rene and
Charlotte, for their earliest support of my career aspirations.
Robert L. Cloutier, MD, MCR
To Lisa, Eric, and Adam for the love and support they continue to give me.
And to the residents and faculty at UCSF Fresno for making my job so much
fun for so many years.
Gregory W. Hendey, MD
Thanks to the authors for sharing their valuable insight and wisdom; to Beth,
Eric, Ali and Amanda for their never-ending understanding and love; and to
the faculty and residents at Hennepin County Medical Center who have
taught me so much. Special thanks to Ann for picking me for her program,
not so many years ago.
Louis J. Ling, MD
To Cathy, Sofia, and Sam for being so supportive. And to the memory of my
father, John F. Rosen, MD. And to the residents and faculty at Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center with whom I am proud to work.
Carlo L. Rosen, MD
This book is dedicated to my wife Anna and my children, Jacob and Isaac.
Without their support and love, nothing would be possible.
Jeffrey J. Schaider, MD
Contributors
Janak Acharya, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine University of California, San
Francisco San Francisco, California
Attending Physician
Department of Emergency Medicine Fresno Community Hospital
Fresno, California
Nicole M. Acquisto, PharmD, BCPS
Assistant Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine University of Rochester
Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Department of
Pharmacy
University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York
James G. Adams, MD
Professor and Chair
Department of Emergency Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine
Northwestern University
Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer Northwestern Medicine
Chicago, Illinois
Sasha D. Adams, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Surgery
Memorial Hospital
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Hagop M. Afarian, MD, MS
Assistant Clinical Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine UCSF Fresno
Chief Medical Informatics Officer Community Medical Centers
Department of Emergency Medicine UCSF Fresno
Chief Medical Informatics Officer Community Medical Centers
Fresno, California
Dewesh Agrawal, MD
Director, Pediatric Residency Program Childrens National Medical
Center Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine
George Washington University School of Medicine Washington, DC
Steven E. Aks, DO
Director, The Toxikon Consortium Division of Toxicology
Department of Emergency Medicine Cook County Hospital
Chicago, Illinois
D. Adam Algren, MD
Assistant Professor
Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics University of
Missouri—Kansas City School of Medicine
Medical Toxicologist
Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology Children’s Mercy
Hospital and Truman Medical Center Kansas City, Missouri
Janet G. Alteveer, MD
Emergency Attending
Emergency Department
Centrastate Medical Center
Freehold, New Jersey
Siraj Amanullah, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Alpert Medical
School of Brown University Attending Physician
Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Hasbro Children’s Hospital and Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode
Island
Minal Amin, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine VCU School of Medicine
Emergency Physician
Department of Emergency Medicine Inova Fairfax Hospital
Falls Church, Virginia
Department of Emergency Medicine Inova Fairfax Hospital
Falls Church, Virginia
David Amponsah, MD
Henry Ford Hospital
Detroit, Michigan
Eric Anderson, MD, MBA
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner
College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Staff
Physician, Emergency Medicine Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
Thomas C. Arnold, MD
Professor and Chair
Department of Emergency Medicine Louisiana State University Health
Sciences Center Shreveport, Louisiana
Paul S. Auerbach, MD, MS
Redlich Family Professor of Surgery Division of Emergency Medicine
Department of Surgery
Stanford, California
Peter S. Auerbach, MD
Adjunct Assistant Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine Oregon Health and Science
University Fellowship Co-Director
Pediatric Emergency Department
Randall Children’s Hospital
Portland, Oregon
Mark J. Ault, MD
Professor of Clinical Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine Cedars-Sinai
Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
Jeffrey R. Avner, MD
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Chief, Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Department of Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Bronx, New York