Handbook of Epigenetics: The New Molecular and Medical Genetics

631 Pages·2010·31.06 MB·English

by  Trygve Tollefsbol

Handbook of Epigenetics
Handbook of
Epigenetics
The New Molecular and
Medical Genetics
Edited by
Trygve Tollefsbol
Department of Biology
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, AL, 35294-1170, USA
Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford
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First edition 2011
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10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ConTRiBuToRS
Masahiko Abematsu Wendy Chao
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience Department of Ophthalmology
Graduate School of Biological Sciences Schepens Eye Research Institute
Nara Institute of Science and Technology Harvard Medical School
Nara 630-0101, Japan 20 Staniford Street
Boston, MA 02114, USA
David W. Anderson
Department of Pathology Fei Chen
St. Luke’s Hospital and Health Network PPRB/NIOSH
801 Ostrum Street Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences
Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA West Virginia University
1095 Willowdale Road
Roberta H. Andronikos
Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
Flemington Road Xiaowei Sylvia Chen
Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Biochemistry
University of Otago
Adriana Arita
Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine
New York University School of Medicine
Xiaodong Cheng
57 Old Forge Road, New York, NY 10987, USA
Department of Biochemistry
Emory University School of Medicine vii
Zoya Avramova
1510 Clifton Road
School of Biological Sciences, UNL
Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
E-300 Beadle Center
P.O. Box 88066
Lesley Collins
Lincoln, NE 68588-0666, USA
Massey Genome Service
Autumn J. Bernal Massey University
Palmerston North, New Zealand
Department of Radiation Oncology
Box 3433
Max Costa
Duke University Medical Center
Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine
Durham, NC 27710, USA
New York University School of Medicine
Javier Campión 57 Old Forge Road, New York, NY 10987, USA
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences,
James P. Curley
Physiology and Toxicology
University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona Department of Psychology
Navarra, Spain Columbia University
Room 406, Schermerhorn Hall
Vince Castranova 1190 Amsterdam Avenue
PPRB/NIOSH New York, NY 10027, USA
Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences
West Virginia University Walter Doerfler
1095 Willowdale Road Institute for Virology
Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Erlangen University Medical School
Schlossgarten 4
Frances A. Champagne D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
Department of Psychology
Columbia University Tamar Dvash
Room 406, Schermerhorn Hall Department of Human Genetics
1190 Amsterdam Avenue The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative
New York, NY 10027, USA Medicine and Stem Cell Research
ConTRiBuToRS
David Geffen School of Medicine Zdenko Herceg
University of California Los Angeles Epigenetics Group
695 Charles E. Young Drive South International Agency for Research on
Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Cancer (IARC)
150 cours Albert Thomas
Thomas Eggermann 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France
Institute of Human Genetics
University Hospital norbert Hochstein
RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, DE-52074
QIAGEN
Aachen, Germany
Qiagen Strasse 1
40724, Hilden, Germany
Guoping Fan
Department of Human Genetics
John R. Horton
The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative
Department of Biochemistry
Medicine and Stem Cell Research
Emory University School of Medicine
David Geffen School of Medicine
1510 Clifton Road
University of California Los Angeles
Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
695 Charles E. Young Drive South
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Simon H. House
Tamara B. Franklin 22 Stanley Street
Brain Research Institute Southsea, Portsmouth, Hants
Medical Faculty of the University of Zürich and PO5 2DS, UK
Department of Biology
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Karolina Janitz
Winterthurerstrasse 190 The Ramaciotti Centre for Gene Function Analysis
CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland The University of New South Wales, Sydney
NSW 2052, Australia
Steffen Gay
Center of Experimental Rheumatology
viii Michal Janitz
University Hospital and Zurich Center of
School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular
Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP)
Sciences
University Hospital Zürich,
The University of New South Wales, Sydney
8091, Zürich, Switzerland
NSW 2052, Australia
Eric Gilson
Laboratory of Biology and Pathology of Genomes Randy L. Jirtle
CNRS UMR6267/INSERM U998/UNS Department of Radiation Oncology
28 Avenue Valombrose, Faculte de Medecine Box 3433
06107 Nice Cedex 2, France Duke University Medical Center
Durham, NC 27710, USA
Johannes Gräff
Brain Research Institute Ji-Hoon E. Joo
Medical Faculty of the University of Zürich
Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
and Department of Biology
Flemington Road
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Winterthurerstrasse 190
CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
Berry Juliandi
Hideharu Hashimoto Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience
Graduate School of Biological Sciences
Department of Biochemistry
Nara Institute of Science and Technology
Emory University School of Medicine
Nara 630-0101, Japan
1510 Clifton Road
Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Astrid Jungel
naoko Hattori Center of Experimental Rheumatology
Carcinogenesis Division University Hospital and Zurich Center of
National Cancer Center Research Institute Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP)
1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome University Hospital Zürich,
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
ConTRiBuToRS
Hong Kan Fabienne Malagnac
PPRB/NIOSH Institut de Genetique et Microbiologie
Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences UMR CNRS 8621
West Virginia University Univ Paris Sud 11
1095 Willowdale Road 91405 Orsay cedex, France
Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
isabelle M. Mansuy
Tae Hoon Kim Brain Research Institute
Yale University School of Medicine Medical Faculty of the University of Zürich
333 Cedar Street SHM I-142B and Department of Biology
New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich
Yoon Jung Kim Switzerland
Yale University School of Medicine
333 Cedar Street SHM I-142B J. Alfredo Martinez
New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences,
Physiology and Toxicology
Hervé Lalucque University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona
Institut de Genetique et Microbiologie Navarra, Spain
UMR CNRS 8621
Univ Paris Sud 11 Rahia Mashoodh
91405 Orsay cedex, France Department of Psychology
Columbia University
Sheila C.S. Lima Room 406, Schermerhorn Hall
Epigenetics Group 1190 Amsterdam Avenue
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) New York, NY 10027, USA
150 Cours Albert Thomas
Rhone-Alpes, 69008 Lyon, France Fermin i. Milagro
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, ix
Sally A. Litherland Physiology and Toxicology
Metabolic Signaling and Disease Program University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona
Diabetes & Obesity Center Navarra, Spain
Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Center
at Lake Nona Ashleigh Miller
6400 Sanger Road Department of Medicine
Orlando, FL 32827, USA Division of Hematology and Oncology
University of California-San Francisco
John C. Lucchesi San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Department of Biology
Emory University Pamela Munster
1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Department of Medicine
Division of Hematology and Oncology
Hanna Maciejewska-Rodrigues University of California-San Francisco
Center of Experimental Rheumatology San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
University Hospital and Zurich Center of
Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP) Susan K. Murphy
University Hospital Zürich, Department Gynecologic Oncology
8091, Zürich, Switzerland Box 91092
Duke University Medical Center
Frédérique Magdinier Durham, NC 27710, USA
Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale et
Génomique Fonctionnelle Rabih Murr
INSERM, UMR S_910/Université de la Epigenetics Group
Méditerannée International Agency for Research on
Faculté de Médecine de la Timone Cancer (IARC)
27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 150 cours Albert Thomas
Marseille cedex05, France 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France
ConTRiBuToRS
Kinichi nakashima Tibor A. Rauch
Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience Section of Molecular Medicine
Graduate School of Biological Sciences Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Nara Institute of Science and Technology Rush University Medical Center
Nara 630-0101, Japan Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Anja naumann Lee B. Riley
Institute for Virology Department of Oncology,
Erlangen University Medical School St. Luke’s Hospital and Health Network,
Schlossgarten 4 801 Ostrum Street,
D-91054 Erlangen, Germany Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
Alexandre ottaviani Eric D. Roth
Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule Department of Neurobiology
CNRS UMR5239, Ecole Normale Supérieure 1825 University Blvd, SHEL 1070
de Lyon Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
UCBL1, IFR128, 46 allée d’Italie
69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France Tania L. Roth
Department of Neurobiology
Jacob Peedicayil 1825 University Blvd, SHEL 1070
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
Pharmacology
Christian Medical College
Richard Saffery
Vellore, India
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
Flemington Road
Gerd P. Pfeifer
Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
Division of Biology
Beckman Research Institute of the
Vittorio Sartorelli
City of Hope
Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and
x 1500 East Duarte Road
Gene Regulation
Duarte, CA 91010, USA
National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal
and Skin Diseases
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Divisão de Genética — Coordenação de Pesquisa Bethesda, MD, USA
Instituto Nacional de Câncer
Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, 40 Andar Caroline Schluth-Bolard
CEP: 20231-050
Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule
Riode Janiero, RJ, Brazil
CNRS UMR5239, Ecole Normale Supérieure
de Lyon
Vincenzo Pirrotta UCBL1, IFR128, 46 allée d’Italie
Department of Molecular Biology and 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
Biochemistry
Rutgers University Barbara Schönfeld
604 Allison Road Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology
Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA and Evolution
Massey University
Pier Lorenzo Puri Palmerston North, New Zealand
Istituto Dulbecco Telethon at Istituto
Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Axel Schumacher
Santa Lucia Fondazione and European Brain Centre for Addiction and Mental Health,
Research Institute Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
64 Via del Fosso di Fiorano
00143 Rome, Italy Philippe Silar
The Sanford/Burnham Institute for Institut de Genetique et Microbiologie
Medical Research UMR CNRS 8621
10901 North Torrey Pines Road Univ Paris Sud 11
La Jolla, CA 92037-1062, USA 91405 Orsay cedex, France
ConTRiBuToRS
Kjetil Søreide Toshikazu ushijima
Department of Surgery Carcinogenesis Division
Stavanger University Hospital National Cancer Center Research Institute
Armaver Hansenvei 20 1-1 Tsukiji 5-chome
POB 8100, N-4068 Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
Stavanger, Norway
David A. Wacker
J. David Sweatt Yale University School of Medicine
Department of Neurobiology 333 Cedar Street SHM I-142B
1825 University Blvd, SHEL 1070 New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
Stefanie Weber
Scott Thomas Institute for Virology
Department of Medicine Erlangen University Medical School
Division of Hematology and Oncology Schlossgarten 4
University of California-San Francisco D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Xing Zhang
Kenneth T. Thurn Department of Biochemistry
Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine
Division of Hematology and Oncology 1510 Clifton Road
University of California-San Francisco Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Trygve o. Tollefsbol
Department of Biology
175 Campbell Hall
1300 University Boulevard
University of Alabama at Birmingham xi
Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA
Preface
Epigenetics is considered by many to be the “new genetics” because many biological
processes are controlled not through gene mutations, but rather through reversible and
heritable epigenetic phenomena ranging from DNA methylation to histone modifications
to prions. Epigenetic processes occur in diverse organisms and control a vast array of
biological functions, such as tissue/organ regeneration, X-chromosome inactivation, stem
cell differentiation, genomic imprinting, and aging. Epigenetic aberrations underlie many
diseases, including cancer and disorders of the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems;
clinical intervention is already in place for some of these disorders and many novel
epigenetic therapies are likely on the horizon.
Handbook of Epigenetics: The New Molecular and Medical Genetics is the first comprehensive
analysis of epigenetics, and summarizes recent advances in this intriguing field of study. This
book will interest students and researchers in both academics and industry by illuminating
the evolution of epigenetics, the epigenetic basis of normal and pathological processes, and
the practical applications of epigenetics in research and therapeutics.
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