Handbook of Bacterial Adhesion: Principles, Methods, and Applications

666 Pages·2000·11.25 MB·English

by  Yuehuei H. An

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Contributors i
Handbook of Bacterial Adhesion
ii Contributors
Contributors iii
Handbook of Bacterial Adhesion
Principles, Methods, and Applications
Edited by
Yuehuei H. An,
MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
and
Richard J. Friedman,
MD
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
Humana Press Totowa, NJ
iv Contributors
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Handbook of bacterial adhesion : principles, methods, and applications / edited by
Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-89603-794-0 (alk. paper)
1. Bacteria--Adhesion--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Biomedical
materials--Microbiology--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Biofilms--Handbooks, manuals,
etc. I. An, Yuehuei H. II. Friedman, Richard J.
[DNLM: 1. Bacterial Adhesion--physiology. 2. Biocompatible Materials. 3.
Biofilms--growth & development. QW 52 H2354 2000]
QR96.8 .H36 2000
571.2'93--dc21
99-057867
Contributors v
To Kay Q. Kang, MD
Without her love, inspiration, and support,
this book would not have been possible
Yuehuei H. An,MD
To my wife Vivian, and my daughters Arielle and Leah,
for their patience, understanding, love, and support
Richard J. Friedman,MD
vi Contributors
Contributors vii
PREFACE
Research on bacterial adhesion and its significance is a major field involving many
different aspects of nature and human life, such as marine science, soil and plant ecology,
the food industry, and most importantly, the biomedical field. The adhesion of bacteria to
human tissue surfaces and implanted biomaterial surfaces is an important step in the patho-
genesis of infection.
Handbook of Bacterial Adhesion: Principles, Methods, and Applicationsisanoutgrowth
of the editors’ own quest for information on laboratory techniques for studying bacte-
rial adhesion to biomaterials, bone, and other tissues and, more importantly, a response to
significant needs in the research community.
This book is designed to be an experimental guide for biomedical scientists, biomaterials
scientists, students, laboratory technicians, or anyone who plans to conduct bacterial
adhesion studies. More specifically, it is intended for all those researchers facing the chal-
lenge of implant infections in such devices as orthopedic prostheses, cardiovascular
devices or catheters, cerebrospinal fluid shunts or extradural catheters, thoracic or
abdominal catheters, portosystemic shunts or bile stents, urological catheters or stents,
plastic surgical implants, oral or maxillofacial implants, contraceptive implants, or even
contact lenses. It also covers research methods for the study of bacterial adhesion to tis-
sues such as teeth, respiratory mucosa, intestinal mucosa, and the urinary tract. In short, it
constitutes a handbook for biomechanical and bioengineering researchers and students at
all levels.
Handbook of Bacterial Adhesion: Principles, Methods, and Applications is the first
inclusive and organized reference book on how to conduct studies on bacterial adhesion
to biomaterials and tissues, a topic that has not been covered adequately by existing works.
The book also complements other reference titles on bacterial adhesion. The book has six
parts: Part I (6 chapters), Mechanisms of Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation;
Part II (6 chapters), General Considerations for Studying Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm;
Part III (7 chapters), Techniques for Studying Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm; Part IV (7
chapters), Studying Microbial Adhesion to Biomaterials; Part V (8 chapters), Studying
Microbial Adhesion to Host Tissue; and Part VI (5 chapters), Strategies for Prevention of
Microbial Adhesion. Since yeasts are also a major factor in implant and/or tissue infec-
tions, the book includes a chapter covering Candida adhesion and related infections (Chap-
ter 33).
Handbook of Bacterial Adhesion: Principles, Methods, and Applicationsis designed to
be concise as well as inclusive, and more practical than theoretical. The text is simple and
straightforward. A large number of diagrams, tables, line drawings, and photographs is
used to help readers better understand the content. Full bibliographies at the end of each
chapter guide readers to more detailed information. Although a work of this length cannot
discuss every aspect of bacterial adhesion that has been studied over the years, it is hoped
that all the major principles, methods, and applications have been included.
Yuehuei H. An,MD
vii
viii Contributors
Contributors ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ..................................................................................................................................... vii
Contributors ...........................................................................................................................xiii
PART I – MECHANISMS OF MICROBIAL ADHESION AND BIOFILM FORMATION
1. Mechanisms of Bacterial Adhesion and Pathogenesis
of Implant and Tissue Infections
Yuehuei H. An, Richard B. Dickinson, and Ronald J. Doyle ............................................. 1
2. Molecular Basis of Bacterial Adhesion
Thomas Boland, Robert A. Latour, and Fred J. Stutzenberger .......................................... 29
3. Molecular Genetics of Bacterial Adhesion and Biofouling
Helen M. Dalton and Paul E. March ..................................................................................43
4. Factors Influencing Bacterial Adhesion
Katharine Merritt and Yuehuei H. An ............................................................................. 53
5. Nonspecific Staphylococcus epidermidis Adhesion: Contributions of Biomaterial
Hydrophobicity and Charge
Katanchalee Vacheethasanee and Roger E. Marchant ....................................................... 73
6. Effects of Surface Roughness and Free Energy on Oral Bacterial Adhesion
Marc Quirynen, Kurt Dierickx, and Daniel van Steenberghe ............................................ 91
PART II – GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND METHODS
FOR STUDYING MICROBIAL ADHESION AND BIOFILM
7. Basic Equipment and Microbiological Techniques for Studying
Bacterial Adhesion
Kylie L. Martin and Yuehuei H. An ................................................................................ 103
8. General Considerations for Studying Bacterial Adhesion to Biomaterials
Yuehuei H. An and Piotr Skowronski ............................................................................. 121
9. Laboratory Culture and Analysis of Microbial Biofilms
Chris H. Sissons, Lisa Wong, and Yuehuei H. An ...........................................................133
10. Monitoring the Organization of Microbial Biofilm Communities
Subramanian Karthikeyan, Darren R. Korber, Gideon M. Wolfaardt,
and Douglas E. Caldwell ................................................................................................. 171
11. Models and Measurement of Bacterial Growth Rates on Polymers
William G. Pitt and Alan J. Barton ..................................................................................189
12. Analysis of Gene Expression in Biofilm Bacteria
Robert A. Burne and Yi-Ywan M. Chen ......................................................................... 203
PART III – TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING MICROBIAL ADHESION AND BIOFILM
13. Methods for Evaluating Attached Bacteria and Biofilms: An Overview
Gordon D. Christensen, W. Andrew Simpson, Jeffrey O. Anglen,
and Barry J. Gainor ......................................................................................................... 213
ix