GVAP secretariat report 2014

232 Pages·2015·10.47 MB·English

Global Vaccine
Action Plan
Monitoring, Evaluation & Accountability
Secretariat Annual Report 2014
© World Health Organization 2015
All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased
from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: [phone]; fax: [phone];
e-mail: [email protected]).
Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO
Press through the WHO website (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html).
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of
the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its
frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health
Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are
distinguished by initial capital letters.
All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the
published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the
material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.
Design: büro svenja
Layout: www.paprika-annecy.com
Global Vaccine
Action Plan
Monitoring, Evaluation & Accountability
Secretariat Annual Report 2014
page IV
Acknowledgments
Data analysis
Olivier Beauvais, Anthony Burton, Thomas Cherian, Nikhil Mandalia, David Oh, Kamel Senouci, Simarjit
Hemanthi Dassanayake-Nicolas, Laure Dumolard, Singh, Daniela Urfer.
Marta Gacic-Dobo, Jan Grevendonk, Ajay Kumar Goel,
Data visualization
Thomas Cherian, Laure Dumolard, David Oh, Kamel
Senouci, Daniela Urfer.
Technical input
Mary Agocs, Martha Pamela Alcantara Bravo, Joachim Hombach, Ahmadreza Hosseinpoor, Angela
Ram Madhava Balakrishnan, Lahouari Belgharbi, Hwang, Rownak Khan, Souleymane Kone, Geir Lie,
Adwoa Desma Bentsi-Enchill, Cara Bess Janusz, Tina Lorenson, Patrick Lydon, Denis Maire, Nikhil
Laetitia Bigger, David Brown, Diana Chang Blanc, Mandalia, Carsten Mantel, Noni MacDonald, Liudmila
Paul Chenoweth, Tania Cernuschi, Tina Dannemann Mosina, Nebojsa Novcic, Hiromasa Okayasu, David
Purnat, Dmitri Davydov, Luis Andres De Francisco Oh, Murat Hakan Öztürk, Susan Perez, Claudio Politi,
Serpa, Alireza Khadem Broojerdi, Thomas Cherian, Robert Perry, Fil Randazzo, Ahmed Samy, Vaseeharan
Amy Dietterich, Philippe Duclos, Tessa Edejer, Sathiyamoorthy, Adama Sawadogo, Patricia Strickler-
Rudi Eggers, Samir El Hemsy, Andrew Ford, Uli Fruth, Dinglasan, William Walter Schluter, Benjamin Schreiber,
Shawn Gilchrist, Tracy Goodman, Lee Hall, Peter Melanie Schuster, Kamel Senouci, Abigail Miriam Shefer,
Hansen, Susan Haperez, Ana Maria Henao Restrepo, Peter Strebel, Nancy Touchette, Nathalie Van De Maele,
Carmen Rodriguez Hernandez, Michael Hinsch, David Wood, Michel Zaffran, Patrick Zuber.
Experts contributing to GVAP Price Indicator report
Stephane Arnaud, UNICEF Supply division; Oleg Benes, UNICEF Programme Division; Shawn Gilchrist,
WHO European Region; Tania Cernushi, WHO HQ Independent Consultant; Wilson Mok, GAVI Alliance;
Daniel Rodriguez, WHO PAHO; Meredith Shirey,
Irtaza Chaudri, WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region; UNICEF Supply division; John Yang, BMGF.
Kate Elder, Médecins Sans Frontières; Gian Gandhi,
page V
Reviewers
WHO Regional Offices Decade of Vaccines Secretariat
Nihal Abeysinghe, Ruiz Matus, Cuauhtemoc, Sergey Jean-Marie Okwo-Bele ,Thomas Cherian, Angela
Diorditsa, Richard Mihigo, Deo Nshimirimana, Hwang, Lee Hall, Peter Hansen, Jos Vandelaer, Ahmadu
Dina Pfeifer, Nadia Teleb, Arun Thapa. Yakubu, Kamel Senouci
Strategic Advisory Group of Experts, Decade Design and web production
of Vaccines Working Group
Frédéric Bescond (Paprika), Hayatee Hasan, Emily
Narendra Kumar Arora, Yagob Yousef Al-Mazrou, Lewis, Kamel Senouci, Daniela Urfer.
Alejandro Cravioto, Fuqiang Cui, Elizabeth Ferdinand,
Alan Richard Hinman, Stephen Inglis, Marie-Yvette
Editorial support
Madrid, Amani Abdelmoniem Mahmoud Mustafa,
Rebecca Martin, Rozina Farhad Mistry, Helen Rees,
David Salisbury Kai Lashley (Further Consulting), Holly Schuh.
page VI
ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS
AVAREF African Vaccines Regulatory Forum
BCG Bacille Calmette–Guérin (vaccine)
BMGF Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
CFDA China Food and Drug Administration
CI Confidence Interval
CMV Cytomegalovirus
COIA Commission on Information and Accountability for Women’s and Children’s Health
CRS Congenital Rubella Syndrome
CSO Civil Society Organization
CTC Controlled Temperature Chain
DHS Demographic and Health Survey
DoV Decade of Vaccines
DTP Diphtheria–Tetanus–Pertussis (vaccine)
EMA European Medicines Agency
EPI Expanded Programme on Immunization
EWEC Every Woman Every Child
FDA Food and Drug Administration
GPEI Global Polio Eradication Initiative
GNI Gross National Income
GVAP Global Vaccine Action Plan
GVIRF Global Vaccine and Immunization Research Forum
HA Haemagglutinin
HepB Hepatitis B
Hib Haemophilus influenzae type b
HPV Human Papillomavirus
HQ Headquarters
iERG independent Expert Review Group
IAVI International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
IB-VPD Invasive Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Diseases
ICTRP International Clinical Trials Registry Platform
IFPMA International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations
IPV Inactivated Polio Vaccine
IVB Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals Department (WHO)
JRF (WHO-UNICEF) Joint Reporting Form
KANCO Kenya AIDS NGOs Consortium
LQA-CS Lot Quality Assurance – Cluster Sampling
M&E/A Monitoring & Evaluation/Accountability (Framework)
M&RI Measles & Rubella Initiative
MenAfriVac Serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine
MCV Measles-Containing Vaccine
MDG Millennium Development Goal
MICS Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey
MR Measles-Rubella
MMR Measles, Mumps and Rubella
MNT Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus
MNTE Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination
Mtb M. tuberculosis
NGO Nongovernmental Organization
NHP Non-human primate
NIAID National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
NITAG National Immunization Technical Advisory Group
NRA National Regulatory Authority
page VII
NTMR Neonatal Tetanus Mortality Rate
NVC National Verification Committee
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OPV Oral Polio Vaccine
ORS Oral Rehydration Salts
PAB Protection at Birth
PAHO Pan American Health Organization
PCV Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
PMNCH Partnership for Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health
PQS Performance, Quality and Safety
RV Rotavirus Vaccine
RCV Rubella-Containing Vaccine
RVC Regional Verification Commission
SAGE Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (on immunization)
SHA Systems of Health Accounts
SIA Supplementary Immunization Activity
SIV Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
SO (GVAP) Strategic Objective
TAG Technical Advisory Group
TPP Target Product Profile
TT Tetanus Toxoid
UN United Nations
UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
V3P Vaccine Product, Price and Procurement
VFC (United States CDC) Vaccines for Children Fund
VPD Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
WAP Weighted Average Prices
WHO World Health Organization
WPV Wild Poliovirus
WUENIC WHO-UNICEF Estimates of National Immunization Coverage
Table of contents
I.
4 Monitoring results: 122 5. MDG 4 and integration
IV Acknowledgments
indicators
goals, strategic
objectives and 129 6. Ensuring country ownership of
1 Introduction immunization
indicators
141 7. Demand for immunization
5 1. Disease elimination
153 8. Stock-out and access to
sustained supply of vaccines
40 2. Increase vaccination coverage
of assured quality
62 3. Establish strong immunization
162 9. Research and development
systems
innovations maximize the
benefits of immunization
69 4. Research and development in
immunization
169 10. Vaccine pricing
II. IV.
192 Tracking 200 Independent
resources invested submissions
in immunization: from other
report on health stakeholders
account activities GAVI CSOs
constituency
independent
III. stakeholders’
196 Documenting
report, july 2014
and monitoring
commitments for
immunization:
the PMNCH 2014
accountability
report
page X
List of figures
7 Figure 1: Wild poliovirus cases worldwide in 2013 (01 January - 31 December)
10 Figure 2: Countries using IPV vaccine to date with formal decision
or declared intent to introduce by end 2015
15 Figure 3: Member States with validated elimination of neonatal tetanus (as of 31 December 2013)
16 Figure 4: Protection-at-birth monitoring to address TT coverage underestimation in Tunisia
18 Figure 5: Cumulative number of women of reproductive age
protected with at least 2 doses of TT during SIAs/year
19 Figure 6: Trend in women of reproductive age targeted with TT SIAs
28 Figure 7: Measles incidence rate per country, 2013
28 Figure 8: Immunization coverage (%) with measles-containing
vaccines (MCV1 cv) in infants per country, 2013
34 Figure 9: Immunization coverage with rubella containing vaccines in infants, 2012
35 Figure 10: Rubella incidence rate per country for 2013
35 Figure 11: Rubella-containing vaccine coverage by WHO region, 1980-2013
38 GVAP COVERAGE INDICATORS
43 Figure 12: Number of countries that have sustained ≥90% DTP3
coverage since 2000 and global DTP3 coverage in 2013
44 Figure 13: Immunization trends and projections to reach 90% global coverage
DTP3 coverage goals in 2015, globally and by WHO region
45 Figure 14: Number of unvaccinated children (DTP3) by year and WHO region, 2000-2013
45 Figure 15: Countries with most unvaccinated infants (DTP3), 2011-2013
46 Figure 16: Top 10 countries with most under- and un-vaccinated children (DTP3)
47 Figure 17: Classification of those Member States with DTP3 national
coverage <90%, by their DTP1 and DTP3 coverage
49 Figure 18: Member States showing the percentage of districts with DTP3 coverage ≥80%, 2013
54 Figure 19: Member States that have achieved national coverage of ≥90% for all
vaccines included in the national infant immunization schedule, 2013
54 Figure 20: Global coverage estimates of various vaccines, 1980-2013
58 Figure 21: DTP3 quintile differential for 32 Member States having a quintile differential of ≥10%
63 Figure 22: Member States reporting data to the Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network, 2012
64 Figure 23: WHO Member States reporting data to the Global Invasive
Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Diseases Surveillance Network, 2012
66 Figure 24: Member States with at least one IB-VPD sentinel hospital
selected for focused support from WHO, 2013
67 Figure 25: WHO Member States that reported data to the Global
Rotavirus Surveillance Network, July 2012 to June 2013
82 Figure 26: Member States with Hib-containing vaccine in their national immunization programme
82 Figure 27: Member States with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
in their national immunization programme