Glossa ordinaria in Lamentationes Ieremie prophete. Prothemata et Liber 1. A Critical Edition with an Introduction and a Translation

342 Pages·2005·2.901 MB·English

by  Andrée, Alexander, Universalis Gilbertus

ALEXANDER ANDRÉE
GILBERTUS UNIVERSALIS
GLOSSA ORDINARIA IN LAMENTATIONES IEREMIE PROPHETE
PROTHEMATA ET LIBER I

ACTA UNIVERSITATIS STOCKHOLMIENSIS
Studia Latina Stockholmiensia
―――――――――――――― LII ――――――――――――――
Gilbertus Universalis
GLOSSA ORDINARIA IN LAMENTATIONES
IEREMIE PROPHETE
Prothemata et Liber I
A Critical Edition with an Introduction and a Translation
by
ALEXANDER ANDRÉE
ALMQVIST & WIKSELL INTERNATIONAL
STOCKHOLM/SWEDEN
A dissertation for the Doctor’s Degree in Latin
Stockholm University 2005
Department of French, Italian and Classical Languages
SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Abstract
Andrée, A., Gilbertus Universalis: Glossa ordinaria in Lamentationes Ieremie prophete. Prothemata et
Liber I. A Critical Edition with an Introduction and a Translation.
Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis. Studia Latina Stockholmiensia 52. Pp. XIV+323; 3 pl.
The Glossa ordinaria on the Bible stands as one of the prime achievements of the period in
western intellectual history known as the Renaissance of the twelfth century. In spite of the
great number of still extant manuscripts very little is known about the circumstances around
its composition. This state of affairs is partly explained by the lack of modern and critical
editions of the books of the Glossa ordinaria.
The present work is the first critical edition of the Glossa ordinaria on the Book of
Lamentations, and consists of the forewords, or prothemata, and the first book (of five) of
this text, which was compiled early in the twelfth century by the theologian and Ciceronian
rhetorician Gilbert the Universal († 1134), schoolmaster at Auxerre and subsequently Bishop
of London.
The introduction includes a background sketch of the environment in which the Glossa
ordinaria was conceived – the school of Laon – with a short biography of Gilbert the
Universal, as well as a study of the sources to this particular part of the Gloss, chief among
them the ninth-century commentary of Paschasius Radbertus. It is shown that Gilbert’s
major improvement to his source, apart from drastically rewriting it, consists of the
introduction of Ciceronian rhetorical loci to the verses of Lamentations. The introduction
furthermore provides the reader with an analysis of the manuscript tradition of the early
twelfth century and a selective analysis of the later manuscript tradition (some 86
manuscripts have so far been traced). One of the conclusions reached is that the Gloss on
Lamentations exists in two textual recensions, the one original, the other a later redaction
made once the Gloss had become a success and preserved in nearly all the later manuscripts.
The manuscripts of the first recension, which is the one edited in the present work, may be
organised into a stemma codicum consisting of two major families originating in a single
archetype. It is possible to reconstruct this archetype on the basis of the five oldest
manuscripts. An English translation of the edited text is included, as well as a ‘semi-critical’
edition of the text of the second recension.
An important part of the present work consists of an effort to combine the sophisticated
mise-en-page of the glossed manuscripts with the standards of presentation to be expected of a
modern critical edition.
Key words: Gilbert the Universal, Glossa ordinaria, Biblical exegesis, Old Testament,
Lamentations, Cicero, rhetoric, loci rhetorici, the school of Laon, the Renaissance of the
twelfth century, Paschasius Radbertus, editorial technique.
© Alexander Andrée 2005
ISBN 91-7155-069-0
ISSN 0491-2764
Almqvist & Wiksell International, Stockholm. Printed by Akademitryck AB, Edsbruk
Table of Contents
List of Tables .......................................................................................................vii
Preface .................................................................................................................. ix
Plates .....................................................................................................................xi
INTRODUCTION
1. The Purpose of the Present Work .................................................1
1.1 Previous research ..............................................................................3
1.2 The present work ..............................................................................4
2. The Glossa ordinaria on the Bible ....................................................7
2.1 On the origins and early history of the Gloss ..............................7
2.1.1 Carolingian interference ..............................................................9
2.1.2 Eleventh-century precursors ......................................................11
2.2 The school of Laon ..........................................................................12
2.2.1 A spearhead of theological invention? ......................................14
2.2.2 The project of the Gloss .............................................................18
2.2.3 The contributors: Anselm and Ralph of Laon;
Gilbert the Universal ..............................................................20
2.3 The Abbey of St Victor ...................................................................24
2.4 Paris ....................................................................................................26
2.5 The gloss format ...............................................................................28
2.5.1 General observations ...................................................................28
2.5.2 The format of the Gloss on Lamentations ..............................31
2.6 The aftermath ....................................................................................33
3. Gilbert the Universal .........................................................................37
3.1 Causidicus famosus ...............................................................................37
3.2 Glosator eximius ...................................................................................40
3.3 Avarice stifled? ..................................................................................45
4. The Glossa ordinaria on Lamentations ...........................................51
4.1 Lamentations and Lamentations exegesis .....................................51
4.1.1 Paschasius Radbertus ..................................................................54
4.1.2 Post-Carolingian Lamentations exegesis ..................................55
4.2 The Gloss on Lamentations: external aspects .............................57
4.2.1 A description of the Gloss on Lamentations ..........................57
4.2.2 Elements of the glossed page .....................................................58
4.2.3 The question of the date .............................................................61
4.3 The sources to the Gloss on Lamentations ..................................61
4.3.1 Pseudo-Jerome .............................................................................62
4.3.2 Redactorial technique: a comparison with
Paschasius Radbertus ..............................................................64
4.4 Rhetoric ..............................................................................................75
4.5 Summary and conclusions ...............................................................84
5. The Textual Witnesses ......................................................................87
5.1 The manuscripts ...............................................................................87
5.2 Principles for the choice of manuscripts for the
present edition .........................................................................91
5.2.1 The first recension and reasons for its being
edited here ................................................................................91
5.2.2 The second recension – Ψ ..........................................................93
5.3 The manuscripts of the present edition ........................................97
5.4 Notes on the manuscripts ...............................................................118
5.4.1 The order of prothemata ............................................................118
5.4.2 The role and importance of K ....................................................119
5.4.3 The additional prothemata of ABbHaLPa ...............................119
5.4.4 Additional texts ............................................................................121
5.4.5 An English reluctance towards the second recension? ..........125
5.5 The interrelations of the manuscripts ...........................................127
5.5.1 The archetype of the first recension .........................................127
5.5.2 Possible readings of the archetype ............................................128
5.5.3 The family α (FTHaHb) ..............................................................130
5.5.4 The family β (RBaVBbALPaPbKMZ ) ......................................134
5.6 The second recension (Ψ ) ...............................................................144
5.7 The editio princeps (Rusch) ...................................................................146
5.8 A tentative stemma codicum ................................................................148
6. Editorial principles .............................................................................149
6.1 Principles for establishing the text .................................................149
6.1.1 The apparatus fontium ....................................................................151
6.1.2 The apparatus criticus .....................................................................152
6.2 Presentation of the text ...................................................................153
6.2.1 Transposing the mise-en-page of the manuscripts ......................154
vi
6.2.2 Orthography and punctuation ...................................................155
6.2.3 Critical signs ..................................................................................156
6.3 Notes on the translation ..................................................................156
GLOSSA ORDINARIA IN LAMENTATIONES IEREMIE PROPHETE
Conspectus siglorum ......................................................................................160
Abbreviationes et signa ..................................................................................161
Textus criticus
Prothemata ..................................................................................................162
Liber I ..........................................................................................................172
Index locorum Sacrae Scripturae .................................................................289
Index auctorum et locorum similium ..........................................................295
APPENDICES
Appendix I: Additional Prothemata of ABbHaLPa ..................................299
Appendix II: The Common Text of the Second Recension (Ψ ) ............303
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ancient and medieval authors ......................................................................311
Secondary literature ........................................................................................313
List of Tables
Table 1: Gilbert the Universal: the course of his life .....................................48
Table 2: Works attributed to Gilbert ................................................................49
Table 3: A list of manuscripts ............................................................................88
Table 4: Deviations of the second recension ..................................................94
Table 5: Additional prothemata ........................................................................120
Table 6: Variants of the hyparchetypes ............................................................129
Table 7: Transpositions of the hyparchetypes ................................................ 129
Table 8: Readings common to Ψ and Rusch ....................................................147
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Preface
The present work, a critical edition of the forewords, or prothemata, and the first
book of Gilbert the Universal’s Glossa ordinaria in Lamentationes Ieremie prophete,
has been made as a doctoral thesis within the framework of the interdisciplinary
research project Sapientia – Eloquentia: Studies on the Function of Poetry in the Period
of Transition from a Monastic to a Scholastic Culture in Medieval Europe, generously
financed by the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation (Riksbankens
jubileumsfond. Kulturvetenskapliga donationen).
In the course of writing this thesis, several persons have attracted my
gratitude. First and foremost I wish to thank my præceptrix, Prof. Gunilla
Iversen, who admitted me to the project in the first place, and who ever since
has guided me with zeal, knowledge and enthusiasm through the hazardous
skerries of philology. Her criticism has always been constructive and to the
point; without her, this work would indeed have been difficult to pursue.
My secondary supervisor, Dr Gösta Hedegård, with his never-failing sense
for exactitude in details, has subjected my edition, especially its critical
apparatus, to his meticulous scrutiny, as well as on several occasions discussing
the Latin text with me, thereby providing many valuable suggestions, for which
I owe him my utter thanks.
Part of this thesis was presented as a dissertation for the licentiate degree in
May 2004, with Prof. Eva Odelman as opponent. The ordeal to which she
exposed the work at that time has proved most valuable for the completion of
the final thesis, and for her suggestions made at the time I am most grateful.
Prof. Hans Aili, whose expert knowledge of Latin as well as many other things,
among them early-nineteenth-century men-of-war and 1930s detective stories,
has been a great source of inspiration. Gratitude must also be given to Prof.
Monika Asztalos, for giving fundamental instructing in how to put philological
insights into practice.
Among my colleagues at the Department of Classical Languages at
Stockholm University, I would like to render special thanks to Erika Kihlman,
co-operator in the Sapientia project. Without her reading of my thesis in
manuscript, parts of it would certainly have been less lucid. I thank my
room-mates Elin Andersson and Per Sandström for proofreading this book, as
well as my former room-mates Dr Magnus Karlsson and Dr Sara Risberg for
ix
good company. Dr Brian Møller Jensen took time to read parts of my thesis in
manuscript; I thank him for that. Dr Denis Searby, though a Hellenist, deserves
gratias, especially for his moral support and good humour. For like reasons, also
Dr Fredrik Oldsjö has earned my gratitude. I should also like to thank the Latin
seminar at the Department of Classical Languages, at which parts of this work
have been discussed at several occasions. My heartfelt thanks additionally go to
the incomparable Margareta Svensén, the departmental secretary, for her
constant support in administrative and other difficult matters.
The corresponding members of the Sapientia project have all attracted my
special gratitude: Prof. Nils Holger Petersen, Prof. Marie-Noël Colette, Docent
Marcia Sà Cavalcante Schuback, Dr William Flynn and most of all Dr Nicolas
Bell, who, apart from having put his vast repertoire of knowledge at my
disposal, has corrected my English with acuteness and insight. He and his wife
Eona also offered exquisite hospitality on my visits to London.
Work on the thesis has on several occasions taken me abroad, where I have
had the opportunity to discuss my material with several foreign scholars. On
this occasion, I especially wish to thank Mr Michael Gullick, Dr Tessa Webber,
Prof. Rodney M. Thomson, Prof. Gilbert Dahan, Prof. François Dolbeau, Dr
Patricia Stirnemann and Père Pierre-Marie Gy, OP (†).
I also keep Father Leonard Boyle, OP (†), in perpetual gratitude, who during
my year in Rome several years ago first kindled my enthusiasm for medieval
manuscripts.
For allowing me to reproduce images from their manuscripts, I am grateful
to the Brotherton Library, Leeds, the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the
library of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Finally, I wish to thank my parents, who have always encouraged me in my
various undertakings. This book is dedicated to my wife Åsa and daughters
Agnes and Hedvig, all three constant sources of inspiration, and without whose
relentless support it never would have come into existence. They have provided
the joy and happiness of familiary otium, so essential for scholarly research,
albeit not always so tranquillum.
A. A.
Scribebam Holmiae, feria sexta infra octavam Annuntiationis
Beatae Mariae Virginis, A.D. MMV
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