Table Of Contentcover
A B
‘Globalization is irreversible and irresistible.’
T B
This book gives the lie to that claim. Greg Buckman argues
that economic globalization has never been an inevitable part of
human history. This is persuasively articulated in the first half of
the book, where a readable and readily comprehensible overview
is provided of how globalization came about. Globalization is
eminently reversible and hugely resistible – as Buckman shows
in the second half of the book, where he introduces and explains
the alternatives of the anti-globalization movement.
Buckman argues there are two broad policy approaches within
the anti-globalization movement. One, perhaps the most widely
supported and influential strand today, he calls the Fair Trade/
Back-to-Bretton-Woods school. This is a moderate school that
argues for immediate reform of the world’s trading system, capi-
tal markets and global institutions, notably the World Bank, IMF
and WTO. The other school, an equally broad church, advocates
Localization, taking a more radical root-and-branch position that
argues for the abolition of these institutions and an outright
winding back of economic globalization. Buckman explains the
details of each school’s outlook and proposals, the criticisms that
can be made of them, where they disagree among themselves, and
– perhaps most importantly – where they share common ground
and can come together in their campaigning.
This book attempts to give an informed hope to those
dedicated to resisting and reversing economic globalization, a
hope based on real and viable positive alternatives.
C P B
‘So refreshing and useful to read a book that goes beyond the
usual bleatings about the problems of globalization in order to
analyse in detail the alternatives that are at last emerging.’
C H, author of
Localization: A Global Manifesto
‘Greg Buckman has done the global justice movement a valuable
service in clearly outlining the major debates around taming
versus scrapping globalization, and then attempting to find
common ground. I urge everyone who wants a fairer,
safer and more sustainable world to read this book.’
R D MP, Co-leader,
Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand
‘Greg Buckman’s work opens up the all-important debate between
the ideas of localization and fair trade, on the one hand, and
economic globalization, on the other.’
S B B,
leader of the Australian Greens
‘The clearest and most succinct explanation of the origins and
processes of economic globalization yet to appear in English, plus
the best coverage of the debates over what to do about it.
A useful tool for anti-globalization activists everywhere.’
C D
G: T I S I?
Mapping the Alternatives of the Anti-globalization Movement
University Press
Dhaka
White Lotus
Bangkok
Fernwood Publishing
Nova Scotia
Books for Change
Bangalore
SIRD
Kuala Lumpur
David Philip
Cape Town
ZED BOOKS
London & New York
Globalization: Tame It or Scrap It? was first published in by
In Bangladesh: The University Press Ltd,
Red Crescent Building, Motijheel C/A, PO Box , Dhaka
In Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam:
White Lotus Co. Ltd, GPO Box , Bangkok , Thailand
In Canada: Fernwood Publishing Ltd,
St Margaret’s Bay Road (Hwy ) Site , Box ,
Black Point, Nova Scotia, B
In India: Books for Change,
Richmond Road, Bangalore
In Malaysia: Strategic Information Research Development (SIRD),
No. /, Petaling Jaya, Selangor
In Southern Africa: David Philip (an imprint of New Africa Books),
Garfield Road, Claremont , South Africa
In the rest of the world: Zed Books Ltd, Cynthia Street, London ,
, and Room , Fifth Avenue, New York, ,
www.zedbooks.co.uk
Copyright © Greg Buckman
The right of Greg Buckman to be identified as the author of this work
has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act,
Designed and typeset in Monotype Bembo by Illuminati, Grosmont
Cover designed by Andrew Corbett
Printed and bound in the EU by Cox & Wyman, Reading
Distributed in the USA exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of
St Martin’s Press, LLC, Fifth Avenue, New York,
All rights reserved
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available
Canadian CIP data is available from the National Library of Canada
Pb (Canada)
Pb (India)
Pb (Malaysia)
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Hb (Zed Books)
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C
T E C
E G
Introduction
The Evolution of the Global Supermarket
(A History of World Trade)
World trade in the nineteenth century
World trade in the twentieth century
World trade after the Second World War
The shocks of the s
Causes of the spread of world trade
The Evolution of the Global Bank
(A History of World Capital Flows)
Pre-Industrial Revolution global finance
The influence of the Industrial Revolution
The emergence of the gold standard
The First World War and the inter-war years
The Bretton Woods twins
The world economic order from the s to the
s
The shocks of the s
Today’s casino economy
The Engines of Globalization
Transnational corporations
The World Trade Organization
The International Monetary Fund and the
World Bank
The Washington Consensus
The technological engines of globalization
The environmental price of world trade
Rich versus Poor in the Global Economy
The polarization of global wealth
Concentration of economic globalization around
rich countries
Relative size of poor economies
The Third World debt crisis
Poor countries and global trade
Trade winners and losers
Poor-country raw material exports
Poor-country trade winners
Export-processing zones
Rich-country trade losers
Aid to the rescue?
Ecological debt
Rich-country Double Standards
Rich-country double standards on trade
Rich-country double standards on patents
Rich-country double standards on agricultural
and textile trade
T P A
A- M
The Anti-globalization Movement
The global loss of democracy
The anti-globalization movement
Origins of the anti-globalization movement
The anti-globalization protests
Policy formulation by the anti-globalization
movement
NGOs and non-mainstream parties
The Fair Trade/Back to Bretton Woods School
Trade
The future of the IMF, the World Bank and the
WTO
Capital market and TNC regulation
The Localization School
Advocates of Localization
Trade
The future of the IMF, the World Bank and the
WTO
Capital market and TNC regulation
Globaphobes versus Globaphiles
The Oxfam Rigged Rules report debate
Short-term versus long-term strategies
Corporate engagement
Rich-country versus poor-country anti-globalization
organizations
Changing fashions within the anti-globalization
movement
Policies that straddle both schools
Policies that stand outside the Localization/Fair Trade
divide
Deficiencies of Both Schools
Deficiencies in Fair Trade school policies
Deficiencies in Localization school policies
Deficiencies common to both schools
The Policy Future of the Anti-globalization
Movement
Common ground between the two schools
Broader areas of agreement between the two
schools
Potential areas of greater consistency between the two
schools
The general policy future of the anti-globalization
movement
Conclusion
Useful Globalization Websites
Suggested Reading
Index
L T, F
B
Box . Timeline of global trade
Figure . Increase in world currency turnover
Box . Timeline of global capital flows
Box . Causes of modern economic globalization
Table . International trade negotiations held since
World War II
Table . World’s largest companies
Figure . World fossil fuel emissions
Figure . Per capita incomes of world’s richest and poorest
countries
Figure . Poor-country share of world manufacturing
Table . World’s largest economies
Figure . Third World and Eastern bloc foreign debt
Table . Aid given by top fifteen world donors
Figure . Growth of non-governmental organizations
Box . The Fair Trade/Back-to-Bretton Woods agenda
Box . The Localization school agenda
Description:Economic globalization--as author Greg Buckman persuasively argues in the first half of this book--has never been an inevitable part of human history. It is eminently reversible and hugely resistible. In the second half of the book Greg Buckman argues there are two broad approaches within the anti-g
