Globalisation, Poverty and Conflict: A Critical “Development” Reader

349 Pages·2005·1.842 MB·English

by  Agnes Van Ardenne (auth.), Max Spoor (eds.)

GLOBALISATION, POVERTY AND CONFLICT
Globalisation, Poverty and
Conflict
A Critical “Development” Reader
Edited by
Max Spoor
Institute of Social Studies,
The Hague, The Netherlands
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK,BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBookISBN: 1-4020-2858-X
Print ISBN: 1-4020-2857-1
©2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.
Print ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers
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ForFranciscaQuilaqueo
SaskiaandFriso
CONTENTS
Abbreviations................................................................................................xi
INTRODUCTION
Globalisation,PovertyandConflict
MaxSpoor...................................................................................................xiii
1.Introduction.............................................................................................xiii
2.ReviewoftheChapters............................................................................xv
3.TheConferenceandthisReader............................................................xxv
PARTI:GLOBALISATION,INEQUALITYANDPOVERTY
1 FromExclusivetoInclusiveDevelopment
AgnesvanArdenne.........................................................................................3
2 CollateralDamageorCalculatedDefault?TheMillennium
DevelopmentGoalsandthePoliticsofGlobalisation
JanPronk.......................................................................................................9
1.Introduction...............................................................................................9
2.TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals......................................................10
3.GlobalPoverty........................................................................................12
4.Politics:GainingNewInsightsorIgnoringThem? ...............................15
5.AidandCooperation...............................................................................17
6.AreWeonTrack?...................................................................................20
7.ThePoliticsofGlobalisation...................................................................25
3 CanImprovedHumanDevelopmentPoliciesBreaktheCycle
ofPoverty?
JozefM.Ritzen.............................................................................................35
1.Introduction.............................................................................................35
2.PovertyandDevelopmentTrends ..........................................................36
3.HumanDevelopment..............................................................................38
4.TheQualityofHumanDevelopmentPolicies .......................................39
5.AcceleratingHumanDevelopment.........................................................43
6.Conclusion...............................................................................................44
vii
viii CONTENTS
4 Inequality,PovertyandConflictinTransitionEconomies
MaxSpoor....................................................................................................47
1.Introduction.............................................................................................47
2.GrowthwithInequality:AccessionCountriesandEmerging
Peripheries...............................................................................................50
3.IncreasedIncomeInequalityandHigherRuralPovertyRisks...............55
4.Conclusions.............................................................................................60
5 Globalisation,MarginalisationandConflict
S.MansoobMurshed....................................................................................67
1.Introduction.............................................................................................67
2.GlobalisationandMarginalisation..........................................................67
3.SuspensionoftheDevelopmentContract ..............................................73
4.TheDevelopmentofViolentInternalConflict.......................................76
5.Conclusion...............................................................................................78
6 TheSlowProgressofInternationalFinancialReform
StephanyGriffith-Jones................................................................................81
1.Introduction.............................................................................................81
2.WhatProgressTillNow?........................................................................83
3.CrisesPrevention:HavetheRightMeasuresBeenTaken?....................85
4.PoliticalEconomy...................................................................................90
5.ConclusionsandPolicySuggestionsforEncouragingPrivateflows.....93
7 TheDebtCrisisandtheSouthinanEraofGlobalisation
KunibertRaffer.............................................................................................97
1.Introduction.............................................................................................97
2.WavesofResourceFlowsandChangesinDebtStructures...................99
3.TheWayOut:GlobalisingInsolvencyProcedures...............................105
4.ShortcomingsoftheIMFModel...........................................................108
5.AFairandTransparentProcess............................................................110
6.ConcludingRemarks.............................................................................112
PARTII:GOVERNANCE,CIVILSOCIETYANDPOVERTY
8 DisempoweringNewDemocraciesandthePersistenceofPoverty
ThandikaMkandawire...............................................................................117
1.Introduction...........................................................................................117
2.TheCentralityofGrowthandEquity....................................................118
3.AnElectiveAffinity?............................................................................120
4.SomeEvidenceandIllustrativeExamples............................................122
5.TheProblematique................................................................................131
6.SomeExplanations................................................................................133
7.Globalisation,StructuralAdjustmentand“ChoicelessDemocracies”....140
8.Conclusion.............................................................................................145
CONTENTS ix
9 LocalGovernanceandRuralPovertyinAfrica
PaschalB.Mihyo.......................................................................................155
1.TheCommonIdentityofSub-SaharanAfrica......................................155
2. TheSearchforaGovernanceParadigmConducivetoDevelopment
inAfrica................................................................................................158
3.GovernanceandtheAdministrationofRuralPoverty..........................161
4.DecentralisationofConflictandPoverty..............................................165
5.RegulationandRuralPoverty...............................................................167
6.Conclusion.............................................................................................169
10 LocalGovernanceHybrids:EnablingPoliciesandCitizenApproaches
toPovertyReduction
A.H.J.(Bert)Helmsing.............................................................................177
1.Introduction...........................................................................................177
2.EnablementandCitizenship..................................................................178
3. ConstituentElementsofNewGovernanceHybridsforPoverty
Reduction..............................................................................................180
4.LimitationsandConcludingObservations............................................194
11 CivicEngagement,SocialAccountabilityandtheGovernanceCrisis
WilliamReuben..........................................................................................199
1.DefiningCivicEngagement..................................................................199
2.AspectsofCivicEngagement ..............................................................199
3.TheGovernanceCrisis..........................................................................205
4.SocialAccountability............................................................................208
5.StrengtheningCivicengagementandSocialAccountability ...............212
12 BlurringtheState-PrivateDivide:FlexOrganisationsandtheDecline
ofAccountability
JanineR.Wedel..........................................................................................217
1.Introduction...........................................................................................217
2.RetreatoftheState?..............................................................................218
3.TwoDisconnects...................................................................................219
4.SocialOrganisationandNetworksofGovernance ..............................220
5.BoundaryCrossinginPost-SocialistStates..........................................221
6.TheDeepandWidespreadUnaccountableState?................................228
7.ImplicationsforAccountability ...........................................................230
PARTIII:RESOURCEDEGRADATION,INSTITUTIONSANDCONFLICT
13 Multi-LevelGovernanceandResilienceofSocial-EcologicalSystems
ElinorOstromandMarcoA.Janssen........................................................239
1.Introduction...........................................................................................239
2.TheBeliefintheEfficacyofTop-DownSolutions..............................240
3.Social-EcologicalSystemsasComplexAdaptiveSystems..................246
x CONTENTS
4. Multi-ScaleAdaptiveProcessesintheHistoryofPolitical-
EconomicDevelopment........................................................................251
5.Conclusion:CopingwithComplexity...................................................254
14 TheLimitsofInstitutions:EnvironmentalDegradationand
KnowledgeFraming
M.A.MohamedSalih.................................................................................261
1.Introduction...........................................................................................261
2.FramingEnvironmentalKnowledge.....................................................262
3.TheEnvironmentalDegradationCausesConflictThesis.....................265
4. InstitutionalInterventions:DevelopmentAgentsorSourcesof
Conflict?...............................................................................................270
5.Conclusion.............................................................................................276
Annex1.ResourceConditionsandCausesofConflict............................277
15 BeyondState-CommunityPolarisationsandBogus“Joint”ness:
CraftingInstitutionalSolutionsforResourceManagement
SharachchandraLélé.................................................................................283
1.Introduction...........................................................................................283
2. InstitutionsforNaturalResourcesManagement:Definitionsand
MoralImperatives................................................................................284
3. TheNeedforInstitutionsintheCaseofNaturalResources/
EcosystemManagement.......................................................................287
4. TheDesignofMulti-LevelInstitutionsforNatural
ResourceGovernance...........................................................................291
5.Conclusion:TheLimitsofInstitutions.................................................297
INCONCLUSION
16 KnowledgeSharinginSupportofHumanDevelopment
J.B.(Hans)Opschoor................................................................................307
1.BeyondDevelopment?..........................................................................307
2.KnowledgeandEducationinDevelopment .........................................313
3.Conclusion:ReciprocityandPartnership..............................................319
Contributors...............................................................................................323
Index..........................................................................................................325
ABBREVIATIONS
BUPP BangaloreUrbanPovertyProject(India)
CCD ChristianCommissiononDevelopment(Honduras)
CCL ContingencyCreditLine
CEE CentralandEasternEurope
CESTRAD CentrefortheStudyofTransitionandDevelopment(Netherlands)
CIFOR CentreforInternationalForestryResearch(Indonesia)
CIS CommonwealthofIndependentStates
CODESRIA CouncilfortheDevelopmentofSocialScienceResearchinAfrica
DISHA DevelopingInitiativesforSocialandHumanAction(India)
DSR debtserviceratio
EBRD EuropeanBankforReconstructionandDevelopment
ECA exportguaranteeagency
ECLAC EconomicCommissionforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean
EGDI ExpertGrouponDevelopmentIssues
ESAF EnhancedStructuralAdjustmentFacility
EU EuropeanUnion
FDI foreigndirectinvestment
FTAP FairandTransparentArbitrationProcess
GATS GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices
GDP grossdomesticproduct
GEAR Growth,EmploymentandRedistribution(SouthAfrica)
GONGOs government-organisednon-governmentalorganisations
HDI HumanDevelopmentIndex
HICs HighlyIndebtedCountries
HIID HarvardInstituteforInternationalDevelopment
HIPCs HighlyIndebtedPoorCountries
HOS Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson(paradigm)
IADB Inter-AmericanDevelopmentBank
ICCO Inter-ChurchOrganisationforDevelopmentCooperation(Netherlands)
ICRG InternationalCountryRiskGuide
IDASA InstituteforDemocracyinSouthAfrica
IDPs internallydisplacedpersons
IDRC InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre
IFAD InternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopment
ILBE InstituteforLaw-BasedEconomy(Russia)
IMF InternationalMonetaryFund
IRB internalratingbased(approach)
ISPA InstrumentforStructuralPoliciesforPre-Accession
ISS InstituteofSocialStudies(Netherlands)
LDCs lessdevelopedcountries
MMD MovementforMulti-PartyDemocracy(Zambia)
MSY maximumsustainableyield
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