Table Of ContentGEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING IN OPEN PIT
AND UNDERGROUND MINING
PROCEEDINGS OF THE AUSTRALIAN CONFERENCE ON GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING IN OPEN PIT AND UNDERGROUND
MINING / KALGOORLIE / WESTERN AUSTRALIA / 21-23 JUNE 1993
Geotechnical Instrumentation
and Monitoring in Open Pit
and Underground Mining
Edited b y
T. SZWEDZICKI
Western Australian S chool o fM ines, Kalgoorlie, Australia
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Geotechnicallnstrumentation a nd Monitoring i n Open P it a nd U nderground M ining, Szwedzicki ( ed.)
© 1993 Tay/or & Froncis, ISBN9054103213
Table of contents
Preface IX
Opening address
Geotechnical monitoring in surface and underground mining - An overview 3
E.T.Brown
Keynote lectures
Some ideas on the use of mine induced seismic monitoring to characterize a fractured 15
rockmass based on a conceptual stress-velocity-seismicity-geomechanical model
WF.Bawden
Measuring stress and deformation in rock masses 33
CR.Windsor
Technical p apers
Seismic monitoring at Long Shaft in the Kambalda region - A case study 55
G.J.Auld
A remote controlled monitoring system for tests in underground structures 65
B. Bazargan-Sabet
Three decades in instrumentation 73
B.PBoisen & R.B.Monroe
Stress measurement with overcoring technique in Xincheng Gold Mine 79
M.Cai, L.Qiao, C Li, J Yu & T.Yang
Stress measurement with hydraulic fracturing technique in Ekou Mine 87
M.Cai, B.Yu, WWu, G.Chen & L.Jia
Improvement of a spiral strain gauge to monitor load and strains on cable bolts used as ground 91
support
PChoquet
Deformation monitoring using the Global Positioning System 101
PA.Collier
v
Defonnations or errors - On data control and analysis in mining defonnation surveys 111
X.L.Ding
Recent experiences with the borehole sI otter for measuring in-situ stress 117
KJ. D ugan, I.H.Hulls & D.R.Miller
The use of specific energy as a drillability index 125
PDunn, C Roberts & B.Ballardin
A 2-d model of skin rock burst and its application to rock burst monitoring 133
A V D yskin , L.N.Gernwnovich & KB.Ustinov
Piezometric monitoring of bauxite residue management facilities 143
D. Elias & M. Briggs
An empirical concept for open pit slope monitoring 149
WR.Felflls
Victorious East failure at Ora Banda - A case study 155
WR.Feltlls
Geophysical monitoring in a room and pillars taIc mine in Italy 161
L.Ferrero, A Godio & L.Sambuelli
Application of continuous monitoring to investigate the rock mass response to mechanised 169
pillar extraction
1.L. FoWngton & 1.N.Hutchinson
Monitoring seismic events, Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia 175
PJ.Gregsoll
Pillar size and stope span design at the Cadjebut Mine, Western Australia 183
CGwatkin, D .Lawrence, C Moormann, M . Lee, K McNabh, L .Wardle & M.Wold
An approach for back slope stability analysis 195
R.A H alatche\; PStephanov, D .A.Gabeva-Halatcheva
Rock slope classification for the optimal design of monitoring networks 201
A Haines
Groundwater monitoring - Essential for planning mine dewatering/ depressurization 211
M.G.Hillman
The use of extensometers for monitoring stope block behaviour at Porgera, Papua New 215
Guinea
PB.Hills
On the accuracy of multi-failure triaxial test for detennination of peak and residual strengths 223
of rocks
S.M.F.Hossaini & VS.Vutukuri
Monitoring of rock pressure behaviour for a stope and prediction of roof weighting 229
HOll Zhongjie & Wang Xinyi
An instrumentation program for perfonnance monitoring of a cable bolt reinforced rockmass 237
D.J.Hutchinson & M.S.Diederichs
VI
Surveying in a geotechnical environment 245
SJackson
Specific energy as a criterion for driIlability of rocks - A laboratory study 253
AK.Jain & O.PSingh
Open pit slope design and monitoring - A detenninistic approach 265
PMJames
Study on the features and classification of floor heave for roadway driven in soft rocks 275
.liang Yaodong, L ll Shiliang, Sun Yonglian & Zhou C huiiang
Stability monitoring on the West WaIl of the Muja open cut 283
GG.Joass
MultiVib - An inexpensive and flexible approach to far field blast monitoring 293
D.La R osa & ACocker
Innovations in subsurface subsidence monitoring techniques 299
J.JLakeland
Survey based open pit wall monitoring - Experience based realities 303
AMLang. C .F.Swindells & G.JHigham
Piezometers at great depth - Hydrogeology at Malanjkhand Copper Project, India 311
A R. Leventhal
Geotechnical instrumentation and ground behaviour monitoring at Mount Isa 321
AS Logan, E .Villaescusa. V R.Stampton, MAStrllthers & M.L.Bloss
Detection of abandoned mine workings at KCGM's open pit operations 331
PLollhser
Strata pressure law for roadway in soft rocks and relationship between support 339
and surrounding rock
LlI Shiliang & Wang Caigen
Underground mining applications of the UCQ regional seismic network 345
B. McKavanagh. K.McCue, B.Boreham, G Gibson, J .Hafner, G Klenowski & R.ClIthbertson
Monitoring rock mass response to mining 357
AJ. M endecki
A technique for preparing rock mass discontinuity geometry files for slope stability 365
monitoring design
AGMeyers, S O.Priest & O.JWalker
The influence of geotechnical monitoring on mine design at Mt Charlotte 375
PMikllla
A laboratory technique for predicting subsidence due to dewatering in the CoIlie Coal Basin 383
H.R.Nikra: & ME.Press
Monitoring of post-failure pillar behaviour - Laboratory studies 393
R.Ormonde & TS:wedzicki
VII
Monitoring for prediction of pit wall instability: Examples from two Western Australian 40 I
open pits
CM.Orr, J Moncrieff, M . Horswill & L .Hill
Instrumentation of roof support for colliery pillar extraction 409
JShepherd & T.Lewandowski
Prediction and monitoring of ground movement in an opencast mine by model study 417
T.N.Singh, M.Goyal & VK.Singh
Observation and auscultation of the geotechnical behaviour of a slope in an open cast mine 427
influenced by old underground mining (South-western part of France)
VSoukatchoff, R .Hadadou, D .Driancourt & Y.Paquette
Understanding pit slope movements 435
T.D.Sullivan
Research on the ultrasonic wave-spectrum method and its application 447
Sun Yonglian, Lu S hiliang, Z hou C huliang & J iang Y aodong
Stability study and mineralogical evaluation of clays for lignite mine 455
S.Tangchawal, S.Phuvichit & VPisutha-Arnond
Optimisation of rock reinforcement design through field monitoring 463
G. C. Tarrant
Theory and strategy for monitoring the performance of rock reinforcement 473
A.G.Thompson & CR.Windsor
Confirmation of a failure mechanism using open pit monitoring methods 483
P.WThompson
Identification of a slope failure over a year before final collapse using multiple monitoring 491
methods
P.WThompson & S.Cierlitza
Instrumentation monitoring at an underground mine to establish failure mechanisms, confirm 501
numerical modelling and determine safe working conditions
P.WThompson, S.MacGregor & P.Dight
Rock stress change monitoring using CSIRO HI Cells and Yoke Gauges 513
R.JWalton
Author index 523
VIII
Geotechnicallnstrumentation a nd M onitoring in Open Pit a nd U nderground M ining, Szwedzicki ( ed.)
© 1993 Toylor & Froncis, ISBN9054103213
Preface
It is with pride that the Department of Mining Engineering and Mine Surveying, Western Australian
School of Mines, Curtin University of Technology, presents this record of the proceedings of the
'Australian Conference on Geotechnical Instrumentation and Monitoring in Open Pit and Under
ground Mining' held in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, in June 1993. In recent years substantial
progress has taken place in geotechnical instrumentation in mining applications. The importance of
geotechnical instrumentation to mine planning and production has now been recognised and in
many mines geotechnical monitoring is incorporated routinely. Furthermore, the role of the
geotechnical engineer has been more clearly defined and is now well established.
During the Western Australian Conference on Mining Geomechanics, which took place in June
1992 in Kalgoorlie, there was a discussion on the need to organise a specialised conference on
geotechnical instrumentation in mining. As a result, the Western Australian School of Mines has
undertaken the organisation of such a Conference. It was felt that such a theme would provide an
opportunity for professional interaction, leading to the generation of new ideas and the opening of
new communication channels.
The tremendous response to our circulars had confirmed that such a conference in this part of the
world was long overdue. Over fifty papers are included in the proceedings and this very encouraging
response resulted in the conference being spread over three days instead of the two originally
planned.
The Conference was very specialised and was the first of its kind. The main objective was to
review advances in current techniques of geotechnical measurements in mining engineering, and to
provide an international forum for the presentation and discussion of new developments and ideas.
The Conference provided a forum for professionals in Mining Engineering, Mining Geomechanics,
Engineering Geology, Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering. It is hoped that the
Conference made a contribution to the advancement of theory and practice of geotechnical
instrumentation and monitoring, and provided a basis for safe production, economic design, better
resource utilisation and better environmental control in the mining industry.
The Organising Committee would like to thank all the authors who prepared and submitted their
papers according to our tight schedule. We would also like to thank everyone who has contributed to
the success of this Conference.
T. S zwedzicki
Conference Chairman
IX
