Genotype-By-Environment Interactions, Stability Across Environments, and Tolerance to Low Soil

218 Pages·2017·6.94 MB·English

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1989
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Jalaluddin
Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
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Jalaluddin, "Genotype-By-Environment Interactions, Stability Across Environments, and Tolerance to Low
Soil Fertility of Wheat in Louisiana." (1989). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4784.
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Genotype-by-environment interactions, stability across
environments, and tolerance to low soil-fertility of wheat in
Louisiana
Jalaluddin, Md., Ph.D.
The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col., 1989
Copyright ©1990 by Jalaluddin, Md. All right* reserved.
300 N. Zeeb Rd.
Ann Arbor, MI 48106
GENOTYPE-BY-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS, STABILITY ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS,
AND TOLERANCE TO LOW SOIL-FERTILITY OF
WHEAT IN LOUISIANA
A Dissertation
Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the
Louisiana State University and
Agri cultural and Mechanical College
in partial fulfillment of the
requi rements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
in
The Department of Agronomy
by
Md. Jalaluddin
B, Sc. (Agric.), Bangladesh Agricultural Univers ity, Mymensingh, 1967
M. Sc. (Agric.), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 1969
M. S. (Agronomy), American University of Beirut, Lebanon, 1981
August, 1989
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My grandfather, Ismail Akanda, used to keep cows to provide milk
for me to drink. He thought milk would make me grow big and one day I
would go to the West for learning. He waited for a long time and passed
away before I set out to the West. I hope he sees from Heaven that I
have been between the Atlantic and the Pacific, and that I have been
learning.
Dr. F. W. Sheppard Jr. , a fatherly friend and colleague from the
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), repeatedly reminded me
that I was capable of earning a Ph.D. degree which, he knew, was my
long-cherished dream. Big brother Ahmed Hussain said that I could get a
Ph.D. if I was determined. Dr. Sheppard recommended me to Dr. Wm. H.
Patrick Jr. , Boyd Professor of Marine Sciences and Director of the
Louisiana Methodist World Hunger Scholarship. Dr. Patrick was so kind
that he not only gave me a scholarship, but also shared his heart with
me when mine was going bad. Without Dr. Patrick's support and
encouragement, my Doctoral study would not have been possible. Dr.
Sheppard did everything he could to help my wife and children join me in
the United States.
Most people in agriculture know Dr. J. Norman Efferson, Chancellor
Emeritus, Louisiana State University. I have known him since he was a
member of the external review committee of the Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute, where I worked for fourteen years. At a time when I was
passing through the deepest darkness of dismay, Dr. Efferson lighted the
candle of hope. He showed me the way to tha Louisiana State University
(LSU), where .ny dream came true.
When much power in Bangladesh went against my going for a Ph.D. ,
and I was passing my nights sleepless, my wife Mina kept her hands in my
hands and her chest on my chest, One night, Mina and I decided that we
would give up, and next morning, I told my parents, who came to see me
off, that the Government would not allow me to go. My father Golamuddin
and mother Jabeda, uttered at the top of their voices, "No, you will
go". Then, my father nodded and said in a feeble voice, "Why should it
happen to ray son?", while my mother was flooding her eyes looking at my
dwindling face. The magic words "No" and "Go" finaly made me go. A
week later, I found myself on board an airplane flying towards the West.
Another morning in the middle of September, 1984, Lokman Bhuyan, a
col league of mine, at that time working on his Ph. D. , guided me to an
office in the second floor of the John Parker Ag ricultural Center in the
LSI) campus. A sharp-looking gentleman greeted me in and said, "What can
I do for you?" I found my major Professor Dr. Stephen Alen Harrison. I
call him Steve. Through the small window of his smile, I saw his big
heart. During the last four and a half years, Steve has been a great
friend of mine. My scholarship was not enough to support my family. He
granted me a stipend when my family arrived here. Later, when my
scholarship was finished, he gave me an assist ant ship. Steve is very
enthusiastic and knowledgeable in his field. His interest and insight
in quantitative genetics led me to major in this subject. Steve
continuously provided me with moral, physical, financial, and
educational support throughout this study program. I found a mentor in
this young Professor.
In the beginning of my second semester in 1985, I was called back
to Bangladesh without completing my degree. I passed through a
iii
nightmare of hopelessness and disappointment. I remember how inspiring
and life-giving were the words of my friends Drs. Adel Miah, Madan
Kundu, Arun Majumder, Jameel, Jamal, their wives, Enamul Haque,
Proshanto and Fahmida. Specially, at the dead of those nights, when I
was struggling with the monster of insomnia, Moonmoon (Adel's wife),
used to call me, "Jalalbhai, Kee Koren, Ekhanay Choley Aashen, Tometo
Diye Daal Randchi." I went, ate, talked, and then I could dog the
monster down,
Mr. C. T. Brackney, IRRI's Rice Production Specialist, worked with
me for about ten years in Bangladesh We used to study rice varietal
performance in farmers' fields. We had a hard time convincing the
bosses that there was something called genotype-by-environment
interactions. Mr. Brackney said, "Jalal, some day I will retire, but
you must be able to explain to these people what genotype-by-environment
interaction is." I have tried to keep Mr. Brackney’s words.
The vast knowledge and experience of Dr. Manjit S, Kang in
quantitative genetics provided the flesh and blood to this study, while
Dr. Arnold Saxton formed the skeleton. The advice of Dr. Kang was
invaluable in many analyses and preparation of much of this manuscript.
Dr. Saxton taught me Statistical Genetics. No student can forget the
perfect skill and beautiful style of teaching of Dr. Saxton.
I am proud to have Dr. Jack E. Jones and Dr. Freddie Martin, two
eminent plant breeders, on my committee. They helped me in building my
study program and carrying on this research project. Dr. Martin always
inspiringly asked me how I was doing. The pieces of discussion on
stability analysis, that I had from to time with Dr. Jones, helped me
understanding the problems. Drs. Joe E. Sedberry and Mike Amacher were
iv
very encouraging and resourceful members of my graduate committee. I am
grateful to Dr. Edmond O'Rourke, Professor of Horticulture, for his kind
help in conducting of greenhouse experiments.
I was always interested in Plant Pathology as one of my field of
study, and have been fortunate to have Dr. M. C. Rush as my teacher. I
enjoyed his Plant Pathology courses. He was kind to serve on my
graduate committee. Who can afford not to be proud of having Dr. Rush
on his committee? Dr. Rush was especially kind and helpful to me.
Friends, neighbors, and colleagues are often precious treasures of
a person. I had the fortune of having Ivan Dickson, Laura Oberthur, and
Wendy Brady as nice friends and colleagues. I had the best friends and
neighbors Michael and Grace , Sathyasivan and Kanthimati, and Freddie
and Ason. Due to limitation of space, I cannot mention many of my
friends. By no means, they are less valuable to me. Azad, Sheila,
Aslam, and Mili have blown a lot of spring breeze of pleasing humors in
my winter and sunnier.
I cannot express in words how much sacrifice Mina made to keep me
up in completion of ray Ph.D. degree. Every morning and evening, she
watered my plants of life. When I went home at the end of the day, my
two little kittens, Shimul and Shormi, looked at me with all the love of
the universe, and my pains were gone. The love and affection of my
relatives were always pouring on my head.
My father and mother never spent a single moment without praying
for my happiness and success. If the Doctoral degree can be called a
success, then this was due to their blessings. Most of all, Allah, the
creator and provider, the most merciful and generous, was all in all.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................... i i
LIST OF T A B L E S ..................................................... ix
LIST OF FIGURES..................................................... xiii
ABSTRACT............................................................ xiv
INTRODUCTION ....................................................... 1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................................. 6
Concepts of Stability ........................................ 6
Techniques Employed in Stability Analysis .................. 10
Stability Parameters .......................................... 18
Interrelationship Among Stability Parameters ................. 23
Repeatability and Genetic Control of Response and Stability. 30
Genotype Grouping for Mean Yield and Stability .............. 3A
Stability Analysis in Wheat ................................. 36
Tolerance to Low Soil-fertility and Stability Across
Fert ility Levels.............................................. AO
BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................... A6
CHAPTER 1
RELATIONSHIP AND REPEATABILITY OF STABILITY AND RESPONSE
PARAMETER ESTIMATORS FOR GRAIN YIELD IN WHEAT .................... 57
Abstract....................................................... 57
Introduction ................................................. 60
Materials and Methods........... 63
Results and Discussion ...................................... 70
Summary and Conclusions ...................................... 83
References ................................................... 85
vi
CHAPTER 2
GENOTYPE-BY-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS AND YIELD STABILITY OF
WINTER WHEAT IN LOUISIANA .......................................... 88
Abstract ..................................................... 88
Introduction ................................................. 91
Materials and Methods........... 94
Results and Discussion ...................................... 96
Summary and Conclusions........................................ 117
References ..................................................... 119
CHAPTER 3
COMPARISON OF STABILITY STATISTICS FOR GRAIN YIELD AND TEST
WEIGHT OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER LOUISIANA ENVIRONMENTS ............. 121
Abstract ..................................................... 121
Introduct ion ................................................. 124
Materials and Methods ........................................ 127
Results and Discussion ..................................... 130
Summary and Conclusions ..................................... 140
References ................................................... 141
CHAPTER 4
GENOTYPE-BY-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS, HERITABILITY, AND GENETIC
CORRELATION OF WINTER WHEAT YIELD AND TEST WEIGHT ............... 144
Abstract ..................................................... 144
Introduction ................................................. 146
Materials and Methods...................... 148
Results and Discussion ..................................... 150
Summary and Conclusions ..................................... 155
References ........................................ . . . . . 156
CHAPTER 5
STABILITY ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS AND TOLERANCE TO LOW SOIL-FERTILITY
IN WINTER WHEAT..................................................... 158
Abstract ..................................................... 158
vi i