Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine

316 Pages·1995·97.245 MB·Foreign Languages Press

by  Yin Huihe

of
Fundamentals
TraditionaCl hineseM edicine
Written bYY irHuihe and others
Edited& trunslatebdy AssociateP rofessoSr huaiX uezhong
FOREIGN LANGUAGESP RESS BEIJING
t? ?1.?.r
( .::'Fe
FifftEdition 1992
Last year, the Chu
iraditional Chin€se dr
bridge the gap b€t*et
improv€f utule intem
of teaching time b€ca
I rvas inviled ro gi'
nedicine (TCM.i in I
agedm e to PubliiL r
Immediately afier ii
lecturen otesw ith rh€
scupuflcture s-ith do
$iih new facts and l
concept.
\ow that I havec {
motivation for wriiir
increase efiicaq m I
Therc arc some
misunde$tandrngs a
Jisp€l any misuodet
Th€ theoriesa nd
brancheso f Chinest
.rnd foreign rcader'-
Bioret han 2,000] 'r
In the Processo i I
Chin€-.em edicile ar
\I€dicire Published
ftuditional Chinesl
ISBNG 8351-2786I-S9B N7 ,1191I39X8 Prds, the Prdcliaal
Copyrislt 1992b y For€is! l-anguasesp ress,B €ijing, China Vy book ts rnall]
p:ol-essionals :o hel
Pubtish€db y Foreisrb nsuae6 pr$\
i!:ematiolral sara!_-
24h iwaozlurDs Road.B erjije l00OJ7C, hina
'i'€ of hisiorica! tel
Prili ree (d h beys Boetr;gjijzlughaF D ogrXe r ilg unL. Ba\eciiu inasa 1e0 sp0 n0n1r4i(n, stu Hn oa.r.e Thjs bok is rri.i
TC\i. but also io: I
Distribut€db y ChinaI ntemadonaBt ookT radingC orporatior During ml snul
35ChesonszluanXsi tu, B€ijing 100044C, hin;
r: arcng lranslatro
Ptinkd in thc Peopte\ Repubti( afChina :a!:rclen Sincet t
PREFACE
lnst year,t he ChineseM inistry of Public Health stalted a two-yearp rojectt o leach
, uitionul ihin"." ao"bn English in a sp€ciahzedc ourse' The aim of the cou$e is to
idge lhe gapb etweenfo reigna cupunctures tudentsa nd their Chin€set eache$'a nclt o
tuiuie intetnationacl ou$esa nds cientifice xchangesB y teachingin Englishl oss
-ror_ove
'ieachingtr meb ecautoel lranslaLioinqe limmaleda.n dt hec onlenll sc learer'
I wasi l-vited to give a four"month courseo n the fundamentals of traditional Chinese
:edicine( TCM) in English When I finishedm y cou$es,s omeo f my studentse ncour-
,rrd me to pubhshm y lecturen otes,f or the benefit of lead€6 at home and abload'
::rmediatetia frer rcturning from Beijing, I started to compile and supplementm y
::ruren oteiw ith the helpo f the comm€ntsI receivedfr om manyh ourss pentd iscllssing
.-:rpr"arut. docrorif rom all overC hina Thi' enabledm eI o improvcm y wJrlins
",ri."*'iuo, "itat nalt o alevelopa holistic and systematics tructures imilar to the TCM
-'ncepl.
.\ow rhar I havec ompletedm y book, I hope ftat it will be h€lpful to reade$ My maln
for writing ihis book was to spreadT CM all ovel the world This may help
--_or cliihrveaaatriasoe en*f "fi cascoymi ne td hieff siclruulig ginletae glparienfsaidt iiosenaso sfe .th€ ancient ciassicst hat have lecl to
isunde$tanalings and even misapplicadonsi n clinical work l hope I have been able to
rsoela nyn runderstandings
Jne theoriesa naf undamintalk nowledge< tescrib€idn this book is the basisi or other
r:anch€so f ChineseD edicinea nd phalmacologya, s well as a must lor both domestic
l,rJ-i-"id;4.t. tl'tuti ntend to fufther studv this traditionalh ealths vstemw hich is
_ than2 ,000je ars old.
-otrne ttt" pto""t. of ay *riting, I haver ef€rredt o a lot of classic3s ndt extsf or traditional
iline.ser nedicinea nd pharm;cologys' ucha st he Fundafientalso f Traditional Chinese
irJi.ir" putrirrt.a uv^thes hangh;i Science& TechnologvP ressi,h e Theorieso f
'Medicine
iroaitionil Cnin""" alsop ublishedb y the ShanghaiS cie'nacsei&c Technology
?rcss,r heP ructicat ChiueseM edicine p:ublishedb y ihe Beijing Press,a lld othe$'
Vl U""f majnl)! \rjllenf or I\4og roupso f teadersl'h e fir'I one is lhe domcslic
::ofessiona"l tso, helpt hemt eachT CM in English.a sw ell as to prolrdea irameworr 'or
scientifice xchangeth at is necessatyio further developmenat nd optrmal
-nremationai
:.e of historical health research
ihis book is useful not ooly for folelg1l readersw ho aheady have somek nowledgeo i-
lCM, but alsof or interestedl aymen who ne€d a comprehensivea pproach
Duringm y witing I wasa warct hat coniusioni n the pastw asd uet o nisinterprciatron
,. orooittuost"rioni of TCM terms,s inceo ur sourcesa re wdtten in ancienlC hinese
::.rracte-rSs.i ncet herea ren o establisheTd CM termsi n English,I havet eferredt o my
Chinese-EnglisThe rminolog|o f Ttaditional ChineseM edicire publishedb y the Hunan
Science& TechflologyP ressT. CM hasi ts own seIo f terms.A lthough someo f thefira re
the samea s lhoseo f Westetnm edicine,t he nameso f the internal otganso f TCM are
seena sc onnectedro the emotions,a sw ell ash avingd istinctf unctionsi n controllinga dd
balancingth e flow of4i (vital energy)i n thc body.S omet ermsc antot bec asilyt ranslated
into English,f or instanceq, i, yin-ya.lg,z angt, etc. For this reasonf,o reign; eaaletws lll
understandth em bettera fter they ate familiar with their histodcalb ackgtoundO. thet,
wiset hey will be inevitabtyc onfusedw ith the iermso f modernm edicineM. ain refercrce {
booksI usedi n compilingt his book incl.rd.eB asicso f Trutlitional ChineseM edicine,a
tcxtbook€ ditedb y noledT CM physicianp rolessory in Huihe of Beijing'sS ino_Japanese l-Dff
FriendshipH ospitalf or medicalc ollegesa nd universitiesth roughouit he coor1try_ L*ra
I would lite to thank Dr. Adren Berrhoud,m y dear friend from Switzerland;forh is
carelulr eadinga nd his manys uggestionsa,n d alsoM r. C. F. Martin ofcana{laf or gorng
over the EnglishT ext.
(vt
rlL
AssociareP rofessoSt huaiX uezhongA, cupunctue lr
Depanmen!o f Hunan Collegeo f Traditional :rr
ChineseM edicine,C hangshaC, hina
It
November,1 989
I\D
:.: TL :TE
tn
ra
rd
CONTENTS
!l
itl
: C L\ERAI INTRODUCTION I
t-l Formation atrd al€veloDmenotf the theoretical systemo f TCM I
:-: The matedalistic and dial€ctical outlook itr the theoreticd systemo f TCM 2
:-:-1 The materialistico utlook 2
15 :-l-1-l The humanb ody is formed by 4i betweenh eavena nd eafih 2
, l-l-2 Mutual dependencoef irg (body) and srez (spirit) 2
:-l'1-3 The preventiona nd treatmento f disease 3
I l-2 The dialecticalo utlook 3
l-l Chi€f featureso I TCM 3
:'i-i The holisticc oncept 3
:-3-l-1 The body is an inlegral v.hole
:-3-1-2T he unity of man and nature 5
',-3-2 Bianzheng a d lur?zl?(i planni[g treatment according to diagnosis) 0
: \IN AND YANG, FN'E ELEMDNTS (PI{ASES) 8
:-l They i!-)ang theory 8
:-l-1 Chi€f contentso f the yin-yangt heory 9
l-1-i-1 Oppositiona nd restrainto f yin and yang 9
l-1-1-2 Interdependencoef yin and yang 9
2'1-1-3K inetic equilibdum betweeny in and yang 9
l-l-l-4 Intertmnsformationo f yin and yang 10
:-1-2 Applicationo f the yin-yangt heory l0
2-l'2-1 Tissuesa nd stnctures of the body t0
l-l'2-2 Physiologicaflu nctionso f the body 10
2-1-2-3P athologicapl rocesseosf the body 10
2-l-2-4 Diagnosis II
2-1-2-5T reatment
:-2 The fire-elem€olth eory t4
2-2-l Chief contents of th€ five-element theory t4
2-2-l-l Characteristicosf the five elements
2-2-1-2C lassificationa ccordingt o th€ five elements t4
2-2-1-3T he interr€lationshipo f the five elements t7
2-2-2 Application of the five-element theory in TCM l8
2-2-2-1 The physiological lunctions of the five yin viscera and their rclation l8
2-2-2-2 The influence of pathological changeso f the five yin viscera 19
! CONTENIS
2-2-2-3A pplication of the five-elem€nt theory in diagnosisa $d tteatment 20 arrlcDg
3. YISCERAL SYMPTOMS
9l Ihe fiYe yin Yiscara
3-1-l Theh eart 25 larin be!*
3-1-l-l Main physiologicalf unctions of the heatt ldariE bers
3-l-l-2 Relationo f the heartt o the emotionsb, ody fluids, tissuesa nd senseo tgans2 6 LlalroD berc
Appendix: Pericardi[m 26 l&Don b€tc
3-l-2 The lung 27 R.Iarion belc
3-1"2-1M ain physiologicalf unctions of the lung 2'/ Relatiotr btti
3-1-2-2R elationo f the lung to the emotionsb, ody fluids, tissuesa nd senseo rgans2 8 lO R€lauonb €l
3-1-3T he spleen 29 : RdadoD of the
3-l-3-l Chief physiologicalf unctions of the spleen 29 Ralauon b€lr€
3-l-3-2R elationo l th€ spleento the emotionsb, odyf luids, tissuesa nds enseo tgans3 I I Rclarion betr
3-1-4T hel iver Relalroo tEn
'L:
3-1-+l Chiefp hysiologicaful octionso f the liver 32 .i-i Relatiotr bet\
3-l-+2 Relationo f the liver to the emotiots,b ody fluids, tissu€sa nd senseo rgans3 3 .- Reladon beII
3-l-5 Th€ kidney 34 RelarioD b€t\
-i5
3-1-5-l Chief physiologicalf unctions of the kidney 34
3-l-5-2 R€lationo f th€ kidney to the emotions,b ody fluids, tissu€sa nd senseo tgans 36 O-fi/I ENERGY
Appehdix:M ingme (the vital portal) 3'/ Oi (rirrl energr)
3-2 lhe sir yangY iscera 39 +l-l Basic concep{
3-2-1T he galbladder 39 +l_l Formatron
3-2-2T hes tomach 39 +i--1 PhYsiologicall
3-2-2-lD igestion 39 jll-il lhe Proootl
3-2-2-2T hes tomachis concernewd ith communicationa lrdd escendencaen di ts 4i is +l--if The walmln
normalw heni t descends 39 &i_i3 The Protect
3-2-3 The small intestin€ 40 4-1-i..t The cotrtroll
3-2-3-l The small intestine is concemedw ith reception and digestion of food 40 +l-.15 Activities ol
3-2-3-2T he function of the small intestiJ}ei s to diflerentiate the purified (nurrients) +:-{ }{ovelltent of
from the turbid (waste) 40 +1-5 DistFburron ,
3-2-4 The large intestine 40 +i-;l Pridotdial
3-2-5T heb ladder 41 +-l-5-2 Chest4 t
3-2-6 The tdple energizer 4l +l-tl Nutdtional
3-2-6'1G ovemingq t 4l +l-i-4 Defe6ive q
3-2-6-2T he passagett uough which body fluids pass 4l Blood
3-2-6-3L ocationo f the upper, fiiddle and lower eDergizersa nd th€ir physiological ,-l-l Basic conced
chamcteisdcs 4l +l-l ForlnauoD
3-3 Unusualo rgaN 42 +l_l Fu4cuotr
3-3-1T he brain 42 +l{ Circuladon
3-3-2T he uterus 42 +3 BodYf luids
3-4 Relationb etweeny in and yatrg viscera 43 +].l Basic cotrcaP
:a^-:-\ IS
3-i Relation among the five yin viscera 43
Relarionb etweent he heafi and lung 43
-'l-I Relalionb etweent he heart and spleen 44
<-l-3 R€lationb etweenlh e heart and llver 44
-'1-2
l+-1-4 Relation betweent he heart and kidoey 44
+-l-5 Relationb etweenth e lung and spleen 45
L-i-I-6 Relationb etweenth e lung and liver 45
-+-I-7 Relation between the lung and kid$ey 45
l---+-1-R8 elalionb etweent he liver and spleen 46
i+-l-9 Relationb etweenth e liver aod kidney 46
:-J-i-10 Relationb etweent he spleena nd kidney
,:-.1-2R elation of the six yang viscera
Relation between the five yin and six yang viscen 48
-:+-3
l--+-3-lR elationb etweent he heafi and small intestine 48
-.1-3-2 Relation betweent he lung and large intestine 48
Relationb etweenth e spleera nd stomach 48
-1-j-3-3
1-.+-3-R4 elationb etweenth e liver and gallbladdei 48
l-,1-3-5 Relation betwe€nt he kidney and bladder 49
I QI (I/ITAL ENERGY),X AE @LOOD\ AI{D TIN.YE (BODY FLUIDE 50
+l Oi (vital energy) 50
r-l-l Basicc onc€pt 50
.1-I-2F ormation 50
.l-l-3 Physiologicaflu nctions 51
1-l-3-l The promotinga ction 5l
.+-l-3-2T he warmrnga ction 5l
{'1-3-3 The protecamga ction 5t
l-1-3-4 The controllinga ction 51
4-l-3-5 Activities of 4i 52
4-l-4 Movemento f 4i 52
4-1-5 Distdbution and classificationo f qi 52
4-1-5-l Primordial4i 53
4-1-5-2C hest4 i 53
4-l-5-3 Nuuirional qt 53
4-l-5-4 D€fensiveq i
.+-2 Blood 54
,1-2-1B asicc oncepr 54
4-2-2F ormation 54
4-2-3F uncdon ))
.1-2-4C irculation 55
1-3 Body fltrids 55
4-3-1 Basicc oncept 55
CONTINTS
-\--.-:
4-3-2F ormationd, istributiona nd excretion 56
56
4-j-3 Function
4-4 Intenelation of qi, blood and body fluids 56 :-l-: S::::::ir: \
4-4-l Relalionb etween4 j and blood 56
4-4-1-10 i car generateb lood 5',7
4-4-l-2 Oi can plomoteb loodc ilculation 57 :-:: G::i,: \ :\:r
4-4-l-3 Blooda st he carrieto f q, 57
4-4-2R elationb etweenq i and body iluids 5',7
4-+2-l Qi cart Seeert e body fluids 51 : i'i \I.::!:r \.
,f-4-2'20 i cant ransformb ody fluids 57 j-:': _. Ti-...'::i
4-4-2-J0 i controlsb ody fluids alld bodv fluids, irl 1urn,c arry qi 58 :':-j': \tIr, ir..
44-3 Relationb etweenb looda nd body fluids 58 :-l r RrgJl3:i:-!r
:':-r _I Jh...:::'
59
5. MERIDIANS AND THEIR COLLATERALS
5-1 The concepto f the medilian and the folmation of its system 59 g Braucheso f ih. r
5-l-1 Concepot f the meridians ystem ELstdoteodiD'r*
5-1-2F ormationo f the meridians ystem 59 :-'1 B:::,i:.- r:
6l
5-2 TwelYer eguhr meddiaN
5-2-1N ames 6l :-- 'l T!3 '\i::'!
5-2-2D tection, connectiond, ist bution, relationa nd sequence 6l r---: L;rge c.': .:
5'2-2-1D irecliona nd connection 6t j-- l-l Pl!!rorr',:
5-2-2-2D istribution 63 r -'l_: LN3_!!o::
5-2-2-RJ elalion'hibpe tweetnh em eridian' 63 :--i \lirrcrl.':_
5-2-2-4S equencoef flow of 4i and bloodi n the meddian 63 jr':-l PtJrr-"r :
5-2-3C ourse
5-2-l-1L ung Meridiano l Hand-taiyin( L) j-: .: C!:.1iric:s
s-:-j-l hrge IntestineM eridian of Hand-)a'?gmin(cL l) 5-: Phlsiotogr of tr
j-:'3-i Stomachm eridiano l Foot'vangming(S ) r'j_. Pl:\s :oiL'::
5-l-i-l SpieenM eridiano f Foot-lalli, (Sp) 61 j-: i_, Com!r'r.
5-:'l-5 Hean Veridian of Hand-srdoll, (H) 67
5-:-i-6 Soall Intesrrne\4 eridiano f Hand-tdi)4,,lg(S I) 67
'71
j-l-.]-; Bladder\ {endian of Fool-rdi}arg (B)
5-2-i-8K idn.) \teridian of Fmr-rrdo.li'] (K) 1l
5-2-3'9P ericatdium\I eridian of Hand-irelj,r (P) 7l
5-2-l-10T nple Energizer\l eridian oi Hand-shoqang( TE) 75
5-2-3-LlG albladderV eridian of Foor-s,ao,\dn(gG ) 15
5-2-3-12L iver Meridiano i Fool-/!e-il, (Li!.) 78
5-3 Eight extra Eeridiaas 78 6, TltI C-\LSf o
5-3-1G ovemorV esseMl endiaD( G\') 81 i-l fk c2os. of d
81
5-3-l-1T he course : :'l T-:. il\ r\
8I
5-3-1-2M ain function
5-3-2C onc€ptionV esseMl €ridian (CV) 81
: ]\TE\IS
lll
5-3-2-l lhe course
lli
5-l-2-2M ain funcdon
ill
i-3-3 StraregicaVle sseMl eddian
ltl
5-l-3-l lhe course
85
5-l-3-2M ain function
85
;-3-4 cirdle vesselM eridian
85
5-3-4-l: lhe mu$e
85
5-3'4-2M ain tunctlon
35
!'i-s Motility Vesseui eridians of Yin and Yang
85
5-3-5-1l he cou$e
85
5-3-5-2M ain funclion
R5
iii n"gui"ting v"""1 Meddianso f Yin and Yang
5-3-6-1l he cou$e l:
x)
5-3-0-M2 dinf -ncrion
5-4 Brancheso f th€ twelYem eddians,l arg€ collateral meriihatrs'm usculofascia( or
rorc,rfot"oatoo.l .eddians anll cutaneousa reas oI meridians 9l
9l
5-4-1B rancheosf the twelvem eridians
9l
i-4-i-i Physiologicafut nction
92
5-4-l-2 lhe course
96
;-4-2 Largec ollatenl meridians
96
5-4-2-1P hysiologicaful nction
100
5 4-2-7L ocallon)
l0l
5-4-3M usculofasci(ao r musculotendinousm) eridians
lOi
5-4-3-1P hysiologicaful nction
101
5-4-3-2D istributron
112
5-4-4c uta,1*us nr"aso l meridiun
5-5 Physiologyo f neridiam and application oI the meridiatr theory 112
5-5-i Phy;logical functions
5-5-l-1C ommunicatintgh e exteior of theb odyw ith the interiol' the upperw llh
the lowera ndc onnectingw ith rhe visceraa nd organs 111
5'5-1_2P romoting4 l andb loodc irculaiiona n'l [ourishingt he visceiaa nd tissues1 1 9
I 19
iii-J rrt" i"a""inc undc onductinga ctions
11 9
5-5-1-,R+ egulalinglh e balance
I 19
5-5-2A ppicationo f rhe meridiant heory
ll9
5-5-2-Pl atl"o'oglcParlc ces'
I20
5-5-2-2G uidingd iagnosias nd treatment
).22
6.T HE CAUSEO F DISEASE
t22
6-1 Thec auseo f disease
122
6-l-1 The si\ excesses
6-l-1-l Wind occu$ chiefly in spdngb ut may app€ari n everys eason
123
6-l-l-2c old
CONIENTS
6-1-l-3 Summer-heat r24
6-l-i-4 Damp t25
6-l-l-5 Dryncss 126
6-1-1-6F te (intenseh eat) 126
6"1-2P estilentiafla cto$ 127
6-1"3I ntemali njudcsb y ihe sevene motions t27
6-l'3'1 Relarionb etweenth e sevene modonsa nd 4l and bloodi n the viscera t27 lbltlq of I
6-1-3-2C haracterisiicosf rhe selene molionsa nd diseasem echanism 128
6-l-4 Improperd iet,f atiguea nd lack of physicale xercise 129
--] -, ]E::r:::
6-1-4-lI mproperd ier t29
6'l-4-2f dlig,e dndl dcl of pb\:icil crcrcire 130
6-1-5E xternali njuries 130
6-l-6 Tak-!it|(ph)egma nd e\celse \ddaies)a nd congealedb lood 131
6-1-6-lT an)in 131 --:-:-; i':':t: :c-;
6-i-6-2C ongealebdl ood t32 __,-i
>l r:1::i!
6-2 Principleso f ocro'Ietrce.nd che-Egoef di*3se I -13 1]l- i-44,fr ,
6-2-l Anlipathoged. acd pai-hog.njtca ctoE and lhe onselo f disease 133 -- !:: sirr:r I
6-2-1-l Deficien:a n'.r-pa_ioe.ali-ca clora i a causeo f disease
1:-:-::if,r-:::,:
6-)-l-l ThP nr:1.^rFn:,' i1. 131 --:--< t::-c,=:
^r
6-2-I-3 The atriip.i:hogeolc raclol 133 ------ j :ix: -:.i
6-:-l fhe en\Jonmeni and in!-asiono l disease 134
--{ shrtl bo{il
6-2-l'1 fhe e\ie:aai en$ironmenl end invasion of disease 134
6'2-2'2 Th. lnieraar en'!i ionmenl aod invasion of disease
-r-: Dii::L-1
7. PATHOGL\ESs
7-1 FloDrishhagr dd eclir of atrti-prtbogenaincd p athogenfiacc tors --_--: El{:,1::sri
7-1-l Flourishinga ndd eclineo f antiparhogenica ndp alhogenicfa ctorsa ndt heir --''i: E\:.li::i
deficieDry aDd e\..ss 131
7-l-2 Flourishinga Ddd ecLinoei palhogedca nda nti-pathogenifca ctorsa nd _-5 _FFe
endogenol
uansformation ol dis€ate 138
7-l-2-l Anti-pathogenirca crorc onque.ingp arhogenicfa ctor 138
7-l-2-2P athogenifca clor coDqueringa Dli-palhogenifca cror t39
7-2 Disharmonyb €treeDy itr aed Flg 139 - i : \\ -, r',1
7-2-l Relarivefl ourishingo f ]in or ]ang 139 --:-:- t! :i lrl
7-2-1-lT he absolDteex cesos f !ang 139
7-2-l-2T he absolutee xcesos f tin t40 _-a: I- '-' '
7-2-2T he absoluted eclineo f yin or yang 140 -'! F-.:3.! :i
7-2-2-lT he absoluted eclin€o f yang 140 -tr i- ,-. .
7-2-2-2T he absoluted eclineo f yio t4t -{ F|n€cdr c
7-2-3I nlcrrclationshipo f yin and yang t4I --. R:L::1: .l
7-2-3-lD eficienty in affectingy ang 141 --:-:
{i1.:!: ij
7-2-3-2D eficienty anga ffectingy in t42 --.-i
O$:.J::,.